Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Tatyana Konakova (konakova@ib.komisc.ru)
Academic editor: Dmitry Schigel
Received: 21 Sep 2020 | Accepted: 25 Nov 2020 | Published: 30 Nov 2020
© 2020 Tatyana Konakova, Alla Kolesnikova, Anastasia Taskaeva
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Konakova T, Kolesnikova A, Taskaeva AA (2020) Soil invertebrates occurrences in European North-East of Russia. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e58836. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e58836
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The European North-East of Russia is the territory which includes the Nenets Autonomous District, represented by the East European tundra (from Kanin Peninsula to Vaigach Island), Komi Republic with its taiga ecosystems and the Urals (Northern, SubPolar and Polar). Over 20 years of systematic studies of soil fauna in the studied region has resulted in a huge amount of data being accumulated that can be analysed from different positions. Considering that the representation of Russian soil biota data, especially from European North-East of Russia in the GBIF database is not large, our data are of great interest to the scientific world community. The accumulation of such data will solve questions on national and global scales using large arrays.
This study produced a dataset containing information on occurrences on soil invertebrates (Lumbricidae, Chilopoda, Diplopda, Collembola, Elateridae and Staphylinidae) in the European North-East of Russia. The dataset summarises occurrences noted in natural and disturbed forests, tundra and mountain ecosystems.
Data from 196 geo-referenced localities of European North-East of Russia (tundra, taiga and mountains ecosystems) have been collated. A total of 5412 occurrences are included in the resource. The current project surveys 13 species of earthworms, 20 species of millipedes, 246 species of springtails, 446 species of rove beetles and 60 species of click beetles. The diversity of soil invertebrates in the European North-East of Russia has not been fully explored and further exploration will lead to more taxa.
occurrence, Lumbricidae, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Collembola, Staphylinidae, Elateridae, soil, tundra, taiga, mountains, North-East of Europe
Soils are increasingly recognised as crucial components of ecosystems and biodiversity (
Databases of specific soil-animal groups, for example, Chilobase, Collembola.org or Lumbricidae and others, offer complete taxonomical lists of the worldwide known species, partly with bibliographic references to the original descriptions, determination keys etc. Unfortunately, none of these databases collects or offers comprehensive background habitat information and distributional data are often not georeferenced or only available at very large and rough spatial scales. Therefore, they do not provide the data necessary for meta-analyses of detailed species’ spatiotemporal distributions or of species’ ecological niche spaces. However, synthesis of global soil invertebrate data would allow many fundamental questions to be addressed relating to ecology, evolution, ecotoxicology and conservation. For example, basic macroecological patterns, such as effects of elevational and latitudinal gradients on diversity, could be examined with such a dataset. The other special interest is in determining the historical forces driving species biogeography. For many species, the chance of winning the battle against global extinction depends on their ability to both live in a range of environments and the ability to track them. During last 5-10 years, one of the most important questions relating to global distributional patterns of soil animals is related to diversity patterns and the abiotic and biotic factors driving global distributions of native and non-native species. The occurrence dataset in GIBF is the first step to understanding species distribution. These data are able to shed light on the occurrence and distribution pattern of rarely-detected species within a given area of interest. Previously, we have already published data on the occurrence of ground beetles (
In this data paper, we describe this dataset and make it freely available online for future use.
The main goal was to describe a dataset on soil invertebrates (Collembola, Lumbricidae, Myriapoda, Staphylinidae and Elateridae) occurrences in European North-East of Russia. The objectives of this study are (i) to include literature data of observations beginning from 1905 and the last 20 years in the study area, (ii) to provide a basis for analysing spatio-temporal changes in biodiversity and landscape in the study area.
Soil invertebrates occurrences in European North-East of Russia
Tatyana Konakova, Alla Kolesnikova and Anastasia Taskaeva
The European North-East of Russia (ENER) is the territory which includes the Nenets Autonomous District, represented by the East European tundra (from Kanin Peninsula to Vaigach Island), Komi Republic with its taiga ecosystems and the Urals (Northern, Subpolar and Polar). The study area is also composed of a diverse set of land parcels of different historical use in agriculture and local activity. There are some enterprises producing paper, oil, coal etc.
The largest part of European North-East of Russia is covered by forests. Spruce forests, which are a zonal type of vegetation, dominate. Following the spruce, pine forests also exist in the study area with birch trees being slightly less in number. Forests formed by fir, larch, Siberian cedar and aspen cover much smaller areas and not all territories of the region.
In the Far North of the region, there is a tundra zone. The vegetation cover here is represented by various types of tundra combined with swamps. Moss tundra are common on the coast of the Barents Sea. To the south, spotted shrub-moss and shrub tundra prevail. In river valleys, thickets of high willows have developed.
The Ural Ridge is represented by the slopes of the Polar, Subpolar and Northern Urals. In mountain conditions, vertical distribution of vegetation stands out: mountain-forest, podholtz, mountain-tundra and a belt of cold deserts. The National Park “Yugyd-Va” and Pechoro-Ilych Reserve, being the zones of ecological, faunistic and floristic interest (UNESKO) and belonging to the national inventory of natural heritage, are situated at the Urals.
The climate of the region is temperate continental with local specificities due to the topography
and mixed land-cover. Towards to the north, it is replaced by the Arctic. The northern part lies in the permafrost zone. The average July temperature in the north is +15°C, in the southern part +18°C. The duration of the summer period is 50-60 days in the north and 80-100 days in the south. Winter is the longest period of the year and lasts 5-8 months (
The study of the soil invertebrates diversity of terrestrial ecosystems in the ENER is aimed to implement a species inventory including records from the 20 last years of research. Soil invertebrates sampling took place mainly during the summer period. Records were mostly observations and preserved specimens, because the studied territory places a high priority on biodiversity conservation and protection. The standard methods of soil zoology were used.
The results of this study were documented in the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Project No АААА-А17-117112850235-2 "Distribution, systematics and spatial organisation of fauna and animals population in taiga and tundra landscapes and ecosystems at the Northeast European Russia"
We built our database by compiling occurrences of soil invertebrates species, based on an exhaustive search in published and unpublished authors' sources, as well as from museums of the Institute of Biology Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar State University and the personal collection of K.F. Sedykh.
Soil and litter dwelling invertebrates were sampled at 196 points evenly distributed over the study area. Three sampling methods were used:
All soil invertebrates were identified to the species level using applicable determination keys (
On each slide and/or label, the following fields were filled out: “Collection date”, “Locality” (with geographic coordinates), “Habitat”, “Collector name” and “Determined by” (identification).
The data were collected and identified to species by specialists from the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Some Collembola, Lumbricidae, Myriapoda, Staphylinidae and Elateridae specimens were identified by taxonomic specialists from the Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Institute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use of Tatarstan Academy of Science, Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories of Russian Academy of Science, Institute of the Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences and the Zoological Museum of Moscow University.
In each biotope, 20-30 soil samples were collected. Barber traps were made of plastic pots (10 cm deep, 12 cm diameter), filled with salt water (30% v/v) and formalin (5% v/v) and buried to the rim into the soil. Individuals, that could not be identified in the field, were stored in 95% ethanol for later identification using binocular loupes. Collembola were then slide-mounted on cavity slides and identified to the species level using applicable determination keys (
The study was carried out in the European part of Russia (Fig.
Sampling localities for soil invertebrates in the European North-East of Russia included in the dataset (https://www.gbif.org/dataset/a3f7d0d8-d9e1-42ae-b1f7-d1fc445b931d).
56.4 and 70.37 Latitude; 44.06 and 65.29 Longitude.
All invertebrates were identified to species.
European North-East of Russia localities, included in the dataset, account for over 246 springtail species. In the world, there are more than 8.6 thousand species of springtails, but due to the description of new taxa, this number is constantly increasing (
European North-East of Russia localities included in the dataset account for over 13 species of earthworms. The world earthworm fauna contains 3.7 thousand species (
More than 3100 species of Chilopoda (
Staphilinids are one of the most extensive and diverse families amongst beetles with about 1500 genera and more than 60000 species known in the world fauna and at least 4000 species in Russia (
The world fauna of click beetles includes more than 10000 species (
Rank | Scientific Name |
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phylum | Annelida |
class | Clitellata |
order | Crassiclitellata |
family | Lumbricidae |
phylum | Arthropoda |
class | Chilopoda |
class | Diplopoda |
order | Collembola |
order | Coleoptera |
family | Staphylinidae |
family | Elateridae |
Data sources provided the dates when the species was detected for the first time in a given region of the 5412 records included in the dataset. The earliest first record dates back to 1905 and the most recent event occurred in 2019.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 Licence.
The current project surveys 13 species of earthworms, 20 species of millipedes, 246 species of springtails, 446 species of rove beetles and 60 species of click beetles. A total of 5412 occurrences are included in the resource (
Column label | Column description |
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occurrenceID | An identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of theoccurrence). |
recordedBy | A person, group or organisation responsible for recording the original Occurrence. |
verbatimLocality | Original description of the place of the find. |
year | The four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location. |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location. |
stateProvince | Administrative-territorial unit of the country (oblast, okrug or republic) |
county | The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs. |
associatedReferences | A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the Occurrence. |
basisOfRecord | Recommended best practice is to use the standard label of one of the Darwin Core classes. |
georeferencedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups or organisations who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location. |
geodeticDatum | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum in which the taxon is classified. |
class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified. |
order | The full scientific name of the oder in which the taxon is classified. |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified. |
scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode. |
scientificName | The full scientific name, with authorship and date information, if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in the lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term. |
We are grateful to Alexey Medevedev whose data on the click beetles are used and also to employees of Institute of Biology for their help in field material collecting.
Tatyana Konakova prepared the dataset, wrote the metadata description and manuscript
Alla Kolesnikova identified earthworms, millipedes, rove beetles species and wrote the manuscript
Anastasia Taskaeva identified springtail species and wrote the manuscript.