Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Kaarel Sammet (kaarel.sammet@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev
Received: 09 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 19 Jan 2021 | Published: 27 Jan 2021
© 2021 Kaarel Sammet, Mati Martin, Tõnu Kesküla, Olavi Kurina
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Sammet K, Martin M, Kesküla T, Kurina O (2021) An update to the distribution of invasive Ctenolepisma longicaudatum Escherich in northern Europe, with an overview of other records of Estonian synanthropic bristletails (Insecta: Zygentoma). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e61848. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e61848
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Previously, two species of Zygentoma have been reported as synanthropic in Estonia (Lepisma saccharinum Linnaeus, 1758 and Thermobia domestica (Packard, 1873)). Ctenolepisma longicaudatum Escherich, 1905 is an invasive species that is currently expanding its range in Europe, but had no published records from the northern Baltic Region.
Ctenolepisma longicaudatum was first found in Estonia in 2018. It has currently several established populations in public buildings in Tartu and Tallinn, but has not been found in private households, nor in other places in Estonia. A brief overview of its invasion history in northern Europe is given.
invasive species, Ctenolepisma longicaudatum, northern Europe
Zygentoma Börner, 1904 is a small order (with over 500 described species;
Ctenolepisma longicaudatum was first found in Estonia in 2018 and has since been detected at multiple locations. Here, we report for the first time these findings and provide an overview of recent knowledge of that and two other inavsive species of Zygentoma in Estonia. In addition, the invasion history of C. longicaudatum in northern Europe is summarised.
All preserved material of Zygentoma in Estonian natural history collections was examined and a list of earlier literature records was compiled. Specimens were actively searched for in suitable habitats and about 30 volunteers were asked to report sightings and, if possible, collect specimens of larger than usual silverfish (in 2020). Most material is preserved in 80% ethanol and some specimens were mounted on to microscope slides after clearing in 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH). All studied material is deposited in the Entomological Collection of Estonian University of Life Sciences (IZBE) and the private insect collection of Allan Selin.
First registered in Estonia in 2018 in Tartu (see the Materials and Methods section), now clearly established there (being repeatedly collected or observed in five localities over the period of two years). First found in Tallinn in 2020. No published records. The species is easily distinguished from related synanthropic species by its relatively large size (up to 18 mm in adults), feathered setae, long antennae and caudal filaments, abdominal tergites II – VI with three and tergites VII-IX with two pairs of bristle-combs, segment X trapezoidal (
Ctenolepisma longicaudatum Escherich, 1905 (A–D) and a comparison of damaged (E) and undamaged (F) paper. A. General facies, dorsal view; part of dorsal scales are detached; B. Closer view of the head, dorsal view; C. Posterior part of the abdomen, dorsal view; red arrows show three bristle-combs on abdominal tergite V and two bristle-combs on abdominal tergite VIII; D. Closer view of feathered setae on the head.
This species was recorded in Estonia as Lepisma saccharina by
Thermobia domestica was recorded from Estonia by
The presence of L. saccharinum in Estonia has been well known for a long time. It is unclear when it first appeared in the Baltic Region, but it is notable that J. B. Fischer does not mention the species in his 1778 monograph on Livland’s fauna (c.f.
The years of first findings of Ctenolepisma longicaudatum from northern European countries and regions. The source references are: Belgium (
Our thanks are due to Allan Selin (Tallinn, Estonia), Ann Aaresild (Tallinn, Estonia), Ülle Jäe, Thea Kull, Villu Soon, Kadri Pärtel, Kaia Ivask, Mari Ivask, Ruth Tiidor, Erika Alexandra Milani, Irja Saar and Sirle Varusk (all in Tartu, Estonia) who collected specimens for the present study and Voldemārs Spuņģis (Latvia) and Vladimir Kaplin (St. Petersburg, Russia) who provided information. We would also like to thank Anders Aak, Rafael Molero and Miquel Gaju-Ricart for their helpful comments on the initial draft of the manuscript.