Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Ana I Azevedo Neto (ana.im.neto@uac.pt)
Academic editor: Andreas Beck
Received: 10 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 24 Feb 2021 | Published: 25 Mar 2021
© 2021 Ana I Neto, Manuela Parente, Eva Cacabelos, Ana Costa, Andrea Botelho, Enric Ballesteros, Sandra Monteiro, Roberto Resendes, Pedro Afonso, Afonso Prestes, Rita Patarra, Nuno Álvaro, David Mila-Figueras, Raul Neto, José Azevedo, Ignacio Moreu
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Neto AIA, Parente MI, Cacabelos E, Costa AC, Botelho AZ, Ballesteros E, Monteiro S, Resendes R, Afonso P, Prestes ACL, Patarra RF, Álvaro NV, Mila-Figueras D, Neto RMA, Azevedo JMN, Moreu I (2021) Marine algal flora of Santa Maria Island, Azores. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e61909. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e61909
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The algal flora of the Island of Santa Maria (eastern group of the Azores archipelago) has attracted interest of researchers on past occasions (
A total of 2329 specimens (including some taxa identified only to genus level) belonging to 261 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 152 Rhodophyta, 43 Chlorophyta and 66 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 174 were identified to species level (102 Rhodophyta, 29 Chlorophyta and 43 Ochrophyta), encompassing 52 new records for the Island (30 Rhodophyta, 9 Chlorophyta and 13 Ochrophyta), 2 Macaronesian endemics (Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun; and Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico), 10 introduced (the Rhodophyta Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) E.M.Wollaston, Antithamnion hubbsii E.Y.Dawson, Asparagopsis armata Harvey, Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot, Melanothamnus harveyi (Bailey) Díaz-Tapia & Maggs, Scinaia acuta M.J.Wynne and Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg; the Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot; and the Ochrophyta Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiañez & M.J.Wynne, and Papenfussiella kuromo (Yendo) Inagaki) and 18 species of uncertain status (11 Rhodophyta, 3 Chlorophyta and 4 Ochrophyta).
Macroalgae, Azores, Santa Maria Island, new records, endemic, native, uncertain, introduced, occurrence data.
The marine algal flora of the isolated mid-Atlantic Azores archipelago is considered cosmopolitan, with species shared with Macaronesia, North Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Europe and America (
It should be noted that the paper by
Number of macroalgal species on the Azorean Islands: Santa Maria, São Miguel, São Jorge and Faial (authors' unpublished data); Terceira (
Phyllum | Santa Maria | São Miguel | Terceira | Graciosa | São Jorge | Pico | Faial | Flores | Corvo |
Rhodophyta | 68 | 168 | 73 | 126 | 35 | 142 | 59 | 120 | 30 |
Chlorophyta | 20 | 39 | 24 | 31 | 17 | 41 | 16 | 35 | 9 |
Ochrophyta | 28 | 53 | 16 | 38 | 10 | 42 | 8 | 41 | 17 |
Total | 116 | 260 | 113 | 195 | 62 | 225 | 83 | 196 | 56 |
The present paper presents both physical and occurrence data and information gathered from macroalgae surveys undertaken on Santa Maria Island mainly by the Island Aquatic Research Group of the Azorean Biodiversity Centre of the University of the Azores (Link: https://ce3c.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/sub-team/island-aquatic-ecology), the BIOISLE, Biodiversity and Islands Research Group of CIBIO-Açores at the University of the Azores (Link: https://cibio.up.pt/research-groups-1/details/bioisle) and the OKEANOS Centre of the University of the Azores (Link: http://www.okeanos.uac.pt). In these surveys, particular attention was given to the small filamentous and thin sheet-like forms that are often short-lived and fast-growing and usually very difficult to identify in the wild, without the aid of a microscope and specialised literature in the laboratory.
The paper aims to provide a valuable marine biological tool for research on systematics, diversity and conservation, biological monitoring, climate change, ecology and more applied studies, such as biotechnological applications, for academics, students, government, private organisations and the general public.
In this paper we present taxonomic records of macroalgae for Santa Maria Island and provide general information on their occurrence and distribution. By doing this, we are addressing several biodiversity shortfalls (see
Marine algal flora of Santa Maria Island, Azores
Collections were conducted and occurrence data recorded during several years (1989 - 2019). Main collectors were Abel Sentíes, Afonso C. L. Prestes, Ana Cristina Costa, Ana I Neto, André Amaral, Andrea Cunha, Andrea Z. Botelho, Camille Fontaine, Catarina Santos, Cláudia Lopes, Daniela Gabriel, David Milla-Figueras, Dinis Geraldes, Edgar Rosas-Alquicira, Edward Hehre, Emanuel Xavier, Enric Ballesteros, Eunice Nogueira, Eva Cacabelos, Francisco Wallenstein, Heather Baldwin, Joana Michael, Joana Pombo, João Brum, João Ferreira, João Monteiro, José Baptista, José M. N. Azevedo, Linda Beiroldi, Luís Resendes, Marco Enoch, Manuela I. Parente, Maria Ana Dionísio, Maria Machín-Sánchez, Maria Manuel, Marlene Terra, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Nuno Vaz Álvaro, Patrícia Madeira, Paulo Torres, Pedro Monteiro, Raquel Torres, Ricardo Cordeiro, Richard Fralick, Rita F. Patarra, Ruben Couto, Rui Sousa, Sandra Monteiro, Sérgio Ávila, Tarso Costa, Tito Silva, Valeria Cassano and Viegas Pinto.
Preliminary in situ identifications were done by: Abel Sentíes, Ana I Neto, Andrea Z. Botelho, Daniela Gabriel, David Milla-Figueras, Edgar Rosas-Alquicira, Edward Hehre, Enric Ballesteros, Eva Cacabelos, Francisco Wallenstein, Heather Baldwin, Manuela I. Parente, Maria Machín-Sanchez, Marlene Terra, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Nuno Vaz Álvaro, Raquel Torres, Richard Fralick, Ruben Couto and Valeria Cassano.
Abel Sentíes, Ana I. Neto, Andrea Z. Botelho, David Milla-Figueras, Edgar Rosas-Alquicira, Edward Hehre, Enric Ballesteros, Eva Cacabelos, Francisco Wallenstein, Heather Baldwin, Manuela I. Parente, Maria Machín-Sanchez, Marlene Terra, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Richard Fralick and Valeria Cassano were responsible for the final species identification.
Voucher specimen management was mainly done by Afonso C.L. Prestes, Ana I. Neto, Andrea Z. Botelho, David Milla-Figueras, Eunice Nogueira, Manuela I. Parente, Natália Cabral, Rita Patarra and Roberto Resendes. Vouchers are deposited at the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM - Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores.
Isolated in the mid-Atlantic Ocean and emerging from the Azores Plateau and located above an active triple junction between three of the world's largest tectonic plates (the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate,
The climate is characterised by regular rainfall, medium levels of relative humidity and persistent winds, mainly during the winter and autumn seasons (
The Island coastline is approximately 63 km long and the coastal morphology results from the effect of the wave action, responsible for the predominance of erosive formations and from the Island antiquity and, also, the fact that it has been frequently submerged. As a consequence, several agglomerations of marine sedimentary rocks occur (e.g. marine conglomerates, fossiliferous calcarenites and arenites) distributed through cliffs and headlands, providing a special geological value to this Island that is not present elsewhere in the archipelago (
Along the coastline of the Island, the bottom is dominated by irregular rocky beds, with compact bedrock dominating over boulder and cobble ones. Only two sand basins occur, Praia Formosa (south coast) and São Lourenço on the east coast (
As on the other Islands of the archipelago, intertidal communities of Santa Maria Island are, in part, dominated by algal vegetation, which exhibits a distribution pattern in mosaic and/or bands, with a predominance of algal turfs, covering the rocks as a carpet (
Important features and habitats at the shore level are rock pools, occurring in different shapes and sizes and often recreating a shallow subtidal habitat which contains a rich diversity of marine life (
The rocky bottoms in the submerged zone are covered by more frondose macrophytes (
The sampling referred to in this paper was performed across littoral and sublittoral levels down to approximately 40 m on the Island of Santa Maria. Each sampling location was visited several times and, on each occasion, a careful and extensive survey was undertaken to provide a good coverage of the area. Both physical collections and presence recording were made by walking over the intertidal shores during low tides or by SCUBA diving. The specimens collected were taken to the laboratory for identification and preservation and the resulting vouchers were deposited at the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM - Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores.
This study was mainly financed by the following projects/scientific expeditions:
The present paper includes sampling performed on a relatively large area, of approximately 64 km2, covering littoral and sublittoral levels down to approximately 40 m around the Island (Table
Location N0 | Location ID | Municipality | Locality | Latitude | Longitude | Littoral zone |
1 | SMA_VP_Aapem | Vila do Porto | Anjos | Atrás do porto | Entre-marés | 37.004998 | -25.159629 | Intertidal |
2 | SMA_VP_aaprs | Vila do Porto | Atrás do aeroporto | Ponta do Rochedo | Subtidal | 36.985484 | -25.187049 | Subtidal |
3 | SMA_VP_aas1 | Vila do Porto | Atrás do aeroporto | Subtidal 1 | 36.975484 | -25.181233 | Subtidal |
4 | SMA_VP_aas2 | Vila do Porto | Atrás do aeroporto | Subtidal 2 | 36.973329 | -25.179014 | Subtidal |
5 | SMA_VP_Abjls | Vila do Porto | Anjos | Banco João Lopes | Subtidal | 37.00946 | -25.18495 | Subtidal |
6 | SMA_VP_Abs | Vila do Porto | Aveiro | Baía | Subtidal | 36.949447 | -25.016892 | Subtidal |
7 | SMA_VP_Afpis1 | Vila do Porto | Anjos | Frente à Piscina | Subtidal 1 | 37.006907 | -25.158392 | Subtidal |
8 | SMA_VP_Afpis2 | Vila do Porto | Anjos | Frente à Piscina | Subtidal 2 | 37.005815 | -25.157587 | Subtidal |
9 | SMA_VP_Apfem | Vila do Porto | Anjos | Ponta dos Frades | Entre-marés | 37.012072 | -25.146074 | Intertidal |
10 | SMA_VP_apgrcn12s1 | Vila do Porto | Área protegida de gestão de recursos da Costa Norte (SMA12) | Subtidal 1 | 37.01291 | -25.14428 | Subtidal |
11 | SMA_VP_apgrcn12s2 | Vila do Porto | Área protegida de gestão de recursos da Costa Norte (SMA12) | Subtidal 2 | 37.02289 | -25.08936 | Subtidal |
12 | SMA_VP_apgrcs13s | Vila do Porto | Área protegida de gestão de recursos da Costa Sul (SMA13) | Subtidal | 36.94455 | -25.00806 | Subtidal |
13 | SMA_VP_apgrpcpm21s1 | Vila do Porto | Área Protegida de Gestão de Recursos da Ponta do Cintrão– Ponta da Maia (SMA21) | Subtidal 1 | 36.92892 | -25.06439 | Subtidal |
14 | SMA_VP_apgrpcpm21s2 | Vila do Porto | Área Protegida de Gestão de Recursos da Ponta do Cintrão– Ponta da Maia (SMA21) | Subtidal 2 | 36.92489 | -25.02421 | Subtidal |
15 | SMA_VP_apgrpcpm21s3 | Vila do Porto | Área Protegida de Gestão de Recursos da Ponta do Cintrão– Ponta da Maia (SMA21) | Subtidal 3 | 36.93505 | -25.09226 | Subtidal |
16 | SMA_VP_Apiem | Vila do Porto | Anjos | Piscina | Entre-marés | 37.005173 | -25.157061 | Intertidal |
17 | SMA_VP_brsem | Vila do Porto | Boca da Ribeira Seca | Entre-marés | 37.004435 | -25.16595 | Intertidal |
18 | SMA_VP_bss | Vila do Porto | Baixa do Sul | Subtidal | 36.924751 | -25.022099 | Subtidal |
19 | SMA_VP_CBpes | Vila do Porto | Calheta de Baixo | Ponta das Eirinhas | Subtidal | 36.933883 | -25.014702 | Subtidal |
20 | SMA_VP_crem | Vila do Porto | Calhau da Roupa | Entre-marés | 36.9458 | -25.146063 | Intertidal |
21 | SMA_VP_Eem | Vila do Porto | Emissores | Entre-marés | 36.998404 | -25.175029 | Intertidal |
22 | SMA_VP_FBbrs | Vila do Porto | Feteiras de Baixo | Baía do Raposo | Subtidal | 37.010939 | -25.118291 | Subtidal |
23 | SMA_VP_Fem | Vila do Porto | Figueiral | Entre-marés | 36.94574 | -25.122836 | Intertidal |
24 | SMA_VP_Fps | Vila do Porto | Figueiral | Ponta | Subtidal | 36.94405 | -25.122131 | Subtidal |
25 | SMA_VP_ISLs | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu de São Lourenço | Subtidal | 36.987488 | -25.041122 | Subtidal |
26 | SMA_VP_IVem | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Entre-marés | 36.944045 | -25.171163 | Intertidal |
27 | SMA_VP_IVs1 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 1 | 36.93948333 | -25.17646667 | Subtidal |
28 | SMA_VP_IVs10 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 10 | 36.941005 | -25.167868 | Subtidal |
29 | SMA_VP_IVs2 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 2 | 36.9388333 | -25.1757 | Subtidal |
30 | SMA_VP_IVs3 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 3 | 36.9392 | -25.17541667 | Subtidal |
31 | SMA_VP_IVs4 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 4 | 36.94125 | -25.17528333 | Subtidal |
32 | SMA_VP_IVs5 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 5 | 36.939 | -25.1752 | Subtidal |
33 | SMA_VP_IVs6 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 6 | 36.94318333 | -25.17496667 | Subtidal |
34 | SMA_VP_IVs7 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 7 | 36.94045 | -25.17448333 | Subtidal |
35 | SMA_VP_IVs8 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 8 | 36.9431 | -25.17426667 | Subtidal |
36 | SMA_VP_IVs9 | Vila do Porto | Ilhéu da Vila | Subtidal 9 | 36.941125 | -25.169649 | Subtidal |
37 | SMA_VP_LApps | Vila do Porto | Lagoa | Pedra que Pica | Subtidal | 36.931597 | -25.075562 | Subtidal |
38 | SMA_VP_Lbscs | Vila do Porto | Lagoinhas | Baía do Salto dos Cães | Subtidal | 37.017358 | -25.098105 | Subtidal |
39 | SMA_VP_LIem | Vila do Porto | Lagoinhas | Entre-marés | 37.015012 | -25.085176 | Intertidal |
40 | SMA_VP_LIfis | Vila do Porto | Lagoinhas | Fora do ilhéu | Subtidal | 37.03565 | -25.09881 | Subtidal |
41 | SMA_VP_LIs | Vila do Porto | Lagoinhas | Subtidal | 37.017954 | -25.086356 | Subtidal |
42 | SMA_VP_Mbcclnem | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía entre Cedros e Castelete | lado Norte | Entre-marés | 36.954591 | -25.020362 | Intertidal |
43 | SMA_VP_Mbcclsem | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía entre Cedros e Castelete | lado Sul | Entre-marés | 36.95264 | -25.019663 | Intertidal |
44 | SMA_VP_Mbcs | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía dos Cedros | Subtidal | 36.954952 | -25.017313 | Subtidal |
45 | SMA_VP_Mbs1 | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía | Subtidal 1 | 36.94436667 | -25.00838333 | Subtidal |
46 | SMA_VP_Mbs2 | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía | Subtidal 2 | 36.94393333 | -25.00826667 | Subtidal |
47 | SMA_VP_Mbs3 | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía | Subtidal 3 | 36.94433333 | -25.00768333 | Subtidal |
48 | SMA_VP_Mbs4 | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía | Subtidal 4 | 36.94235 | -25.0076 | Subtidal |
49 | SMA_VP_Mbs5 | Vila do Porto | Maia | Baía | Subtidal 5 | 36.94318333 | -25.00753333 | Subtidal |
50 | SMA_VP_Mem | Vila do Porto | Maia | Entre-marés | 36.943886 | -25.014773 | Intertidal |
51 | SMA_VP_Mfpis | Vila do Porto | Maia | Lado de Fora da Piscina | Subtidal | 36.938923 | -25.012707 | Subtidal |
52 | SMA_VP_mfps1 | Vila do Porto | Marina | Lado de fora do Pontão | Subtidal 1 | 36.944834 | -25.146131 | Subtidal |
53 | SMA_VP_mfps2 | Vila do Porto | Marina | Lado de fora do Pontão | Subtidal 2 | 36.9458 | -25.148333 | Subtidal |
54 | SMA_VP_mpem | Vila do Porto | Marina | Pontão | Entre-marés | 36.944396 | -25.147067 | Intertidal |
55 | SMA_VP_Mpiem | Vila do Porto | Maia | Piscina | Entre-marés | 36.939526 | -25.013879 | Intertidal |
56 | SMA_VP_MPs1 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 1 | 36.92783333 | -25.0714 | Subtidal |
57 | SMA_VP_MPs10 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 10 | 36.929380 | -25.071470 | Subtidal |
58 | SMA_VP_MPs11 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 11 | 36.930017 | -25.071383 | Subtidal |
59 | SMA_VP_MPs2 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 2 | 36.92723333 | -25.06591667 | Subtidal |
60 | SMA_VP_MPs3 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 3 | 36.9279 | -25.07065 | Subtidal |
61 | SMA_VP_MPs4 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 4 | 36.927967 | -25.072933 | Subtidal |
62 | SMA_VP_MPs5 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 5 | 36.92806667 | -25.07045 | Subtidal |
63 | SMA_VP_MPs6 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 6 | 36.92621667 | -25.06138333 | Subtidal |
64 | SMA_VP_MPs7 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 7 | 36.925667 | -25.057567 | Subtidal |
65 | SMA_VP_MPs8 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 8 | 36.923030 | -25.066550 | Subtidal |
66 | SMA_VP_MPs9 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca-Piedade | Subtidal 9 | 36.928750 | -25.065217 | Subtidal |
67 | SMA_VP_Ms1 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca | Subtidal 1 | 36.93582965 | -25.09382679 | Subtidal |
68 | SMA_VP_Ms2 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca | Subtidal 2 | 36.93821161 | -25.07944033 | Subtidal |
69 | SMA_VP_Ms3 | Vila do Porto | Malbusca | Subtidal 3 | 36.938555 | -25.085032 | Subtidal |
70 | SMA_VP_PCbnss | Vila do Porto | Ponta do Castelo | Baía de Nossa Senhora | Subtidal | 36.931039 | -25.057255 | Subtidal |
71 | SMA_VP_PCem | Vila do Porto | Ponta do Castelo | Entre-marés | 36.928153 | -25.017055 | Intertidal |
72 | SMA_VP_PCras | Vila do Porto | Ponta do Castelo | Rocha Alta | Subtidal | 36.926463 | -25.014565 | Subtidal |
73 | SMA_VP_Pem | Vila do Porto | Prainha | Entre-marés | 36.951808 | -25.104061 | Intertidal |
74 | SMA_VP_PFepem | Vila do Porto | Praia Formosa | Entre praias | Entre-marés | 36.950235 | -25.095009 | Intertidal |
75 | SMA_VP_PFppem | Vila do Porto | Praia Formosa | Ponta da praia | Entre-marés | 36.94734 | -25.088821 | Intertidal |
76 | SMA_VP_PFps | Vila do Porto | Praia Formosa | Pedrinha | Subtidal | 36.937365 | -25.105259 | Subtidal |
77 | SMA_VP_PFs1 | Vila do Porto | Praia Formosa | Subtidal 1 | 36.940431 | -25.095659 | Subtidal |
78 | SMA_VP_PMs | Vila do Porto | Ponta do Marvão | Subtidal | 36.936973 | -25.139363 | Subtidal |
79 | SMA_VP_Rs | Vila do Porto | Restinga | Subtidal | 37.001733 | -25.172973 | Subtidal |
80 | SMA_VP_SLaps | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Atrás do porto | Subtidal | 36.99533 | -25.052727 | Subtidal |
81 | SMA_VP_SLb11s | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Baía (SMA11) | Subtidal | 36.98472 | -25.04341 | Subtidal |
82 | SMA_VP_SLfiem | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Frente ao ilhéu | Entre-marés | 36.9858 | -25.049216 | Intertidal |
83 | SMA_VP_Slpnem | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Ponta Norte | Entre-marés | 36.998556 | -25.050887 | Intertidal |
84 | SMA_VP_SLpns | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Ponta do Norte | Subtidal | 37.00491 | -25.05133 | Subtidal |
85 | SMA_VP_Slpsbem | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Ponta Sul da Baía | Entre-marés | 36.98538307 | -25.05051544 | Intertidal |
86 | SMA_VP_SLs1 | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Subtidal 1 | 36.996286 | -25.045811 | Subtidal |
87 | SMA_VP_SLs2 | Vila do Porto | São Lourenço | Subtidal 2 | 36.997331 | -25.047914 | Subtidal |
88 | SMA_VP_VPpaem | Vila do Porto | Vila do Porto | Porto antigo | Entre-marés | 36.945957 | -25.14822 | Intertidal |
89 | SMA_VP_VPpnemW | Vila do Porto | Vila do Porto | Porto Novo | Entre-marés W | 36.94141 | -25.154005 | Intertidal |
90 | SMA_VP_VPpns | Vila do Porto | Vila do Porto | Porto Novo | Subtidal | 36.940838 | -25.146736 | Subtidal |
91 | SMA_VP_VPpnsE | Vila do Porto | Vila do Porto | Porto Novo | Subtidal E | 36.9431 | -25.146917 | Subtidal |
92 | SMA_VP_VPpnsW | Vila do Porto | Vila do Porto | Porto Novo | Subtidal W | 36.9402 | -25.150384 | Subtidal |
Sampling involved specimen collecting and species presence recording. At each location, samples were obtained by scraping and/or manually collecting one or two specimens of all different species found into labelled bags (Fig.
Each sampled taxon was identified by trained taxonomists and involved morphological and anatomical observations of whole specimens by eye and/or of histological preparations under microscopes to determine the main diagnostic features of each species as described in literature.
At the laboratory, standard procedures were followed in specimens sorting and macroalgae identification. A combination of morphological and anatomical characters and reproductive structures was used for species identification. For small and simple thalli, this required the observation of the entire thallus with the naked eye and/or using dissecting and compound microscopes. For larger and more complex algae, investigation of the thallus anatomy required histological preparations (longitudinal and transverse sections) or squashed preparations of mucilaginous thalli, sometimes after staining, to observe vegetative and reproductive structures and other diagnostic features.
The Azorean algal flora has components from several geographical regions which implies difficulties in species identification. Floras and keys for the North Atlantic, Tropical Atlantic and Western Mediterranean were used (e.g.
A reference collection was made for all collected specimens by assigning them a herbarium code number and depositing them at the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM - Molecular Systematics Laboratory, University of Azores. Depending on the species and on planned further research, different types of collections were made, namely (i) wet collections using 5% buffered formaldehyde seawater and then replacing it by the fixing agent Kew (
Nomenclatural and taxonomic status used here follow Algaebase (
Santa Maria Island Description: Azores, Portugal (approximately 37°1'19''N, -25°11'24''W);
36.918 and 37.022 Latitude; -25.190 and -25.009 Longitude.
All macroalgae were identified to genus or species level. In total, 261 taxa were identified belonging to 28 orders and 60 families, in the phyla Rhodophyta (14 orders and 34 families), Chlorophyta (5 orders and 9 families) and Ochrophyta (9 orders and 17 families).
The sampling was performed on several occasions in the period between 1989 and 2019.
This data paper presents physical and occurrence data from macroalgal surveys undertaken on Santa Maria Island between 1989 and 2019 (
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
eventID | Identifier of the event, unique for the dataset |
country | Country of the sampling site |
countryCode | Code of the country where the event occurred |
stateProvince | Name of the region |
island | Name of the island |
municipality | Name of the municipality |
locality | Name of the locality |
locationID | Identifier of the location |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude of the sampling site |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitud of the sampling site |
geodeticDatum | The spatial reference system upon which the geographic coordinates are based |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location |
eventDate | Time interval when the event occurred |
year | The year of the event |
samplingProtocol | Sampling method used during an event |
locationRemarks | Zonation level |
minimumDepthInMetres | The minimum depth in metres where the specimen was found |
maximumDepthInMetres | The maximum depth in metres where the specimen was found |
eventRemarks | Notes about the event |
occurrenceID | Identifier of the record, coded as a global unique identifier |
institutionID | The identifier for the institution having custody of the object or information referred to in the record |
institutionCode | The acronym of the institution having custody of the object or information referred to in the record |
collectionID | An identifier of the collection to which the record belongs |
collectionCode | The name of the collection from which the record was derived |
datasetName | The name identifying the dataset from which the record was derived |
kingdom | Kingdom name |
phylum | Phylum name |
class | Class name |
order | Order name |
family | Family name |
genus | Genus name |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName |
infraspecificEpithet | The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation |
acceptedNameUsage | The specimen accepted name, with authorship |
previousIdentifications | Previous name of the specimen, with authorship |
scientificName | The name without authorship applied on the first identification of the specimen |
scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record |
habitat | Description of the habitat where the specimen was found |
organismQuantityType | The type of quantification system used to quantity the organisms |
organismQuantity | Percentage of the organism coverage |
recordedBy | Person(s) responsible for sampling |
catalogNumber | Identifying code for a unique sample lot in a biological collection |
identifiedBy | Person(s) responsible for taxa identification |
type | The nature of the resource |
preparations | The preservation method used for the specimen |
establishmentMeans | The establishment status of the organism in the study region |
occurrenceRemarks | New record status assignment |
licence | Reference to the licence under which the record is published |
This paper is based on 2329 specimens of macroalgae recorded from Santa Maria Island in 261 taxa, comprising 174 confirmed species (Table
Macroalgae species recorded from Santa Maria Island, with information on relative abundance, origin and status
Phylum |
Species (Accepted Name) |
Number of records |
Establishment Means |
OccurrenceRemarks |
Rhodophyta |
Acrosorium ciliolatum (Harvey) Kylin |
6 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) E.M.Wollaston |
28 |
Introduced |
|
Rhodophyta |
Aglaothamnion pseudobyssoides (Crouan & Crouan) Halos |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Anotrichium furcellatum (J.Agardh) Baldock |
6 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Antithamnion hubbsii E.Y.Dawson |
5 |
Introduced |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Asparagopsis armata Harvey |
22 |
Introduced |
|
Rhodophyta |
Asparagopsis armata Harvey phase Falkenbergia rufolanosa (Harvey) F.Schmitz |
16 |
Introduced |
|
Rhodophyta |
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan |
66 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot |
3 |
Introduced |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Bornetia secundiflora (J.Agardh) Thuret |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Callithamnion corymbosum (J.E.Smith) Lyngbye |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Callithamnion granulatum (Ducluzeau) C.Agardh |
4 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Carradoriella denudata (Dillwyn) A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders |
3 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Carradoriella elongata (Hudson) A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders |
5 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M.Irvine |
3 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Caulacanthus ustulatus (Turner) Kützing |
6 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Centroceras clavulatum (C.Agardh) Montagne |
8 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium codii (H.Richards) Mazoyer |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth |
10 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium strictum Roth |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium virgatum Roth |
5 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) Fredericq |
6 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Chondracanthus teedei (Mertens ex Roth) Kützing |
3 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Chondria capillaris (Hudson) M.J.Wynne |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C.Agardh |
19 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Corallina ferreyrae E.Y.Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik |
3 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Corallina officinalis Linnaeus |
5 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Cottoniella filamentosa (M.Howe) Børgesen |
30 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Crouania attenuata (C.Agardh) J.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Cryptopleura ramosa (Hudson) L.Newton |
19 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Dasya baillouviana (S.G.Gmelin) Montagne |
3 |
Uncertain |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Dasya corymbifera J.Agardh |
3 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Dasya hutchinsiae Harvey |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Dasya rigidula (Kützing) Ardissone |
2 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Dermocorynus dichotomus (J.Agardh) Gargiulo, M.Morabito & Manghisi |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Dudresnaya verticillata (Withering) Le Jolis |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ellisolandia elongata (J.Ellis & Solander) K.R.Hind & G.W.Saunders |
6 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Erythrocystis montagnei (Derbès & Solier) P.C.Silva |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Feldmannophycus rayssiae (Feldmann & G.Feldmann) H.Augier & Boudouresque |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Gaillona hookeri (Dillwyn) Athanasiadis |
6 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium corneum (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux |
3 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium microdon Kützing |
11 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium spinosum (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gigartina pistillata (S.G.Gmel.) Stackhouse |
3 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gracilariopsis longissima (S.G.Gmelin) Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & Farnham |
14 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Grateloupia filicina (J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh |
16 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Griffithsia corallinoides (Linnaeus) Trevisan |
1 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gymnogongrus crenulatus (Turner) J.Agardh |
3 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) C.Martius |
4 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Halarachnion ligulatum (Woodward) Kützing |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Halurus equisetifolius (Lightfoot) Kützing |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Halurus flosculosus (J.Ellis) Maggs & Hommersand |
6 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Herposiphonia secunda (C.Agardh) Ambronn |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Herposiphonia secunda f. tenella (C.Agardh) M.J.Wynne |
2 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V.Lamouroux |
21 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Hypoglossum hypoglossoides (Stackhouse) F.S.Collins & Hervey |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Itonoa marginifera (J.Agardh) Masuda & Guiry |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Jania capillacea Harvey |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Jania longifurca Zanardini |
2 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Jania pedunculata var. adhaerens (J.V.Lamouroux) A.S.Harvey, Woelkerling & Reviers |
5 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux |
11 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Jania virgata (Zanardini) Montagne |
25 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia pyramidalis Bory ex Kützing |
4 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia tenera C.K.Tseng |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodriguez & Haroun |
111 |
Macaronesian endemism |
|
Rhodophyta |
Leptosiphonia brodiei (Dillwyn) A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders |
3 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Liagora distenta (Mertens ex Roth) J.V.Lamouroux |
4 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Liagora viscida (Forsskål) C.A.Agardh |
6 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Lophosiphonia cristata Falkenberg |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Melanothamnus harveyi (Bailey) Díaz-Tapia & Maggs |
2 |
Introduced |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Meredithia microphylla (J.Agardh) J.Agardh |
11 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico |
1 |
Macaronesian endemism |
|
Rhodophyta |
Nemalion elminthoides (Velley) Batters |
4 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Nitophyllum punctatum (Stackhouse) Greville |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Osmundea pinnatifida (Hudson) Stackhouse |
7 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Osmundea truncata (Kützing) K.W.Nam & Maggs |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Peyssonnelia squamaria (S.G.Gmelin) Decaisne ex J.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Phyllophora crispa (Hudson) P.S.Dixon |
6 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Platoma cyclocolpum (Montagne) F.Schmitz |
8 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Platysiphonia delicata (Clemente) Cremades |
2 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Pleonosporium borreri (Smith) Nägeli |
7 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) P.S.Dixon |
22 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun & J.N.Norris |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia breviarticulata (C.Agardh) Zanardini |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia ceramiiformis P.Crouan & H.Crouan |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia havanensis Montagne |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Predaea feldmannii Børgesen |
9 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G.Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand |
41 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Rhodymenia holmesii Ardissone |
6 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Scinaia acuta M.J.Wynne |
2 |
Introduced |
|
Rhodophyta |
Scinaia furcellata (Turner) J.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse |
13 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Sphondylothamnion multifidum (Hudson) Nägeli |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey |
8 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg |
5 |
Introduced |
|
Rhodophyta |
Taenioma nanum (Kützing) Papenfuss |
1 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata foetidissima (Cocks ex Bornet) Díaz-Tapia & Maggs |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata fruticulosa (Wulfen) Kuntze |
9 |
Native |
|
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata fucoides (Hudson) Kuntze |
3 |
Uncertain |
|
Rhodophyta |
Xiphosiphonia pennata (C.Agardh) Savoie & G.W.Saunders |
5 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Bryopsis hypnoides J.V.Lamouroux |
3 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kützing |
3 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Chaetomorpha linum (O.F.Müller) Kützing |
7 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Chaetomorpha pachynema (Montagne) Kützing |
1 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora albida (Nees) Kützing |
6 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora coelothrix Kützing |
6 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kützing |
10 |
Uncertain |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora lehmanniana (Lindenberg) Kützing |
4 |
Native |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora liebetruthii Grunow |
9 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kützing |
42 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium adhaerens C.Agardh |
43 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium effusum (Rafinesque) Delle Chiaje |
1 |
Uncertain |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Codium fragile subsp. atlanticum (A.D.Cotton) P.C.Silva |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot |
13 |
Introduced |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Codium taylorii P.C.Silva |
4 |
Native |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Codium tomentosum Stackhouse |
1 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Lychaete pellucida (Hudson) M.J.Wynne |
5 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) Zanardini |
8 |
Native |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Pseudorhizoclonium africanum (Kützing) Boedeker |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Ulothrix flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Ulva clathrata (Roth) C.Agardh |
13 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva compressa Linnaeus |
12 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus |
13 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva lactuca Linnaeus |
3 |
Uncertain |
New record |
Chlorophyta |
Ulva linza Linnaeus |
2 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva rigida C.Agardh |
25 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Valonia macrophysa Kützing |
1 |
Native |
|
Chlorophyta |
Valonia utricularis (Roth) C.Agardh |
7 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Bachelotia antillarum (Grunow) Gerloff |
1 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Kützing) De Paula & De Clerck |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Carpomitra costata (Stackhouse) Batters |
2 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Cladostephus spongiosus (Hudson) C.Agardh |
44 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier |
90 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Cutleria multifida (Turner) Greville |
2 |
Uncertain |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Cutleria multifida (Turner) Greville phase Aglaozonia parvula (Greville) Zanardini |
2 |
Uncertain |
|
Ochrophyta |
Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff & Nizamuddin |
17 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Cystoseira foeniculacea (Linnaeus) Greville |
2 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Cystoseira humilis Schousboe ex Kützing |
7 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss |
5 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyopteris polypodioides (A.P.De Candolle) J.V.Lamouroux |
8 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota bartayresiana J.V.Lamouroux |
3 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota ciliolata Sonder ex Kützing |
1 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux |
24 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota dichotoma var. intricata (C.Agardh) Greville |
11 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota implexa (Desfontaines) J.V.Lamouroux |
2 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Feldmannia globifera (Kützing) Hamel |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Fucus spiralis Linnaeus |
27 |
Uncertain |
|
Ochrophyta |
Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kützing |
37 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau |
54 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiañez & M.J.Wynne |
8 |
Introduced |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Hydroclathrus clathratus (C.Agardh) M.Howe |
6 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Leathesia marina (Lyngbye) Decaisne |
9 |
Uncertain |
|
Ochrophyta |
Lobophora variegata (J.V.Lamouroux) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira |
41 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Mesogloia vermiculata (Smith) S.F.Gray |
16 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Myrionema strangulans Greville |
8 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Nemoderma tingitanum Schousboe ex Bornet |
3 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy |
144 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Papenfussiella kuromo (Yendo) Inagaki |
8 |
Introduced |
|
Ochrophyta |
Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) Areschoug |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum cymosum C.Agardh |
8 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum desfontainesii (Turner) C.Agardh |
3 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum furcatum Kützing |
16 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum vulgare C.Agardh, nom. illeg. |
2 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link |
5 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C.Agardh |
6 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Sphacelaria plumula Zanardini |
2 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Sphaerotrichia divaricata (C.Agardh) Kylin |
4 |
Uncertain |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Sporochnus pedunculatus (Hudson) C.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Stypopodium zonale (J.V.Lamouroux) Papenfuss |
1 |
Native |
New record |
Ochrophyta |
Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J.Agardh |
3 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Treptacantha abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) Kützing |
35 |
Native |
|
Ochrophyta |
Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) Montagne |
100 |
Native |
Summary of the macroalgal flora of the Island of Santa Maria with information on the species origin and status
Phyllum | Order | Family | Specimens Number | Total taxa | Total species | Native | Introduced | Uncertain | Macaronesian endemism | New record |
Rhodophyta | 14 | 34 | 988 | 152 | 102 | 82 | 7 | 11 | 2 | 30 |
Chlorophyta | 5 | 9 | 276 | 43 | 29 | 25 | 1 | 3 | 9 | |
Ochrophyta | 9 | 17 | 1065 | 66 | 44 | 37 | 2 | 4 | 13 | |
Total | 28 | 60 | 2329 | 261 | 174 | 144 | 10 | 18 | 2 | 52 |
Many species were only sporadically recorded, but 12 were commonly found around the Island and occurred quite abundantly in some locations, namely: the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan, Laurencia viridis, and Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand; the Chlorophyta Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kützing, Codium adhaerens C. Agardh and Ulva rigida C. Agardh; and the Ochrophyta Cladostephus spongiosus (Hudson) C. Agardh, Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier, Halopteris scoparia, Lobophora variegata (J.V. Lamouroux) Womersley ex E. C. Oliveira, Padina pavonica and Zonaria tournefortii.
A mismatch regarding the GBIF backbone taxonomy of some of the macroalgae species names was identified as detailed in Suppl. material
This research was supported by several projects, expeditions and campaigns (see Funding above) and lately by the project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072” funded the Operational Programme Azores 2020 (85% ERDF and 15% regional funds). We are grateful to the Municipalities of Vila do Porto, the Ecoteca of Santa Maria, the Basic and Secondary School of Santa Maria, the Environment Delegation of Santa Maria Island and the Club Naval of Santa Maria for their logistic support during the Expeditions and Campaigns. Thanks are due to the campaigns teams for their critical involvement in this project (Abel Sentíes, André Amaral, Andrea Cunha, Camille Fontaine, Catarina Santos, Cláudia Lopes, Daniela Gabriel, Dinis Geraldes, Edgar Rosas-Alquicira, Edward Hehre, Emanuel Xavier, Eunice Nogueira, Francisco Wallenstein, Heather Baldwin, Joana Michael, Joana Pombo, João Brum, João Ferreira, João Monteiro, Joana Pombo, José Baptista, Linda Beiroldi, Luís Resendes, Marco Enoch, Maria Ana Dionísio, Maria Machín-Sánchez, Maria Manuel, Marlene Terra, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Patrícia Madeira, Paulo Torres, Pedro Monteiro, Raquel Torres, Ricardo Cordeiro, Richard Fralick, Ruben Couto, Rui Sousa, Sérgio Ávila, Tarso Costa, Tito Silva, Valeria Cassano and Viegas Pinto). Manuela I. Parente was supported by a postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/34246/2006) awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). Eva Cacabelos was supported by a postdoctoral grant (Project M1420-09-5369-FSE-000001) from ARDITI (Regional Agency for Development of Research, Technology and Innovation of Madeira). Afonso C.L. Prestes was supported by a PhD grant (M3.1.a/F/083/2015) awarded by Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT). Rita F. Patarra was supported by a Science and Technology Management Fellowship grant (SFRH/BGCT/135478/2018) awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, IP.
AIN: Conceptualisation; Methodology; Research (field and laboratory work); Resources; Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
MIP: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
EC: Research (field work and laboratory work); Data Curation
ACC: Research (field and laboratory work); Resources; Data Curation
AZB: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation
EB: Research (field work and laboratory work); Resources; Data Curation
SM: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation
RR: Resources; Data Curation
PA: Resources
ACLP: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation
RFP: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation
NVA: Research (field work); Maps elaboration
DM-F: Research (field and laboratory work); Data Curation
RMAN: Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
JMNA: Research (field work and laboratory work); Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
IM: Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
GBIF does not have the more actualised nomenclature for some of the macroalgae species names. Therefore, the matching tools of its platform were applied to the species list, as required by Pensoft's data auditor, to identify the problematic taxonomic situations. The resulting file (DP-SMA-id_15162_normalized.csv) is included here, since the names will not be immediately updated in the GBIF Taxonomic Backbone. A request was already sent to GBIF helpdesk to solve this situation.