Biodiversity Data Journal : Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Data Paper (Biosciences)
The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version in 2020
expand article infoJihun Ryu‡,§, Young-Kun Kim|, Sang Jae Suh|, Kwang Shik Choi‡,§,
‡ School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
§ Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
¶ Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Corresponding author: Kwang Shik Choi (ksc@knu.ac.kr)
Academic editor: Paulo Borges
Received: 14 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 20 Jan 2021 | Published: 26 Jan 2021
© 2021 Jihun Ryu, Young-Kun Kim, Sang Jae Suh, Kwang Shik Choi
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Ryu J, Kim Y-K, Suh SJ, Choi KS (2021) The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version in 2020. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62011. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e62011
 Open Access

Abstract

Background

Dokdo, a group of islands near the East Coast of South Korea, comprises 89 small islands. These volcanic islands were created by an eruption that also led to the formation of the Ulleungdo Islands (located in the East Sea), which are approximately 87.525 km away from Dokdo. Dokdo is important for geopolitical reasons; however, because of certain barriers to investigation, such as weather and time constraints, knowledge of its insect fauna is limited compared to that of Ulleungdo. Until 2017, insect fauna on Dokdo included 10 orders, 74 families, 165 species and 23 undetermined species; subsequently, from 2018 to 2019, we discovered 23 previously unrecorded species and three undetermined species via an insect survey.

New information

As per our recent study, the database of insect species on Dokdo has been expanded to 10 orders, 81 families, 188 species and 23 undetermined species. This database has been registered in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; www.GBIF.org) and is the first record for insect fauna on Dokdo.

Keywords

biodiversity, Dokdo, insect fauna, newly-recorded species, insect database

Introduction

Islands are known for their ecologically- and biologically-important ecosystems. Due to geographical isolation, the movement of organisms is limited (Franks 2009) and island-like areas have low potential for both species transfer and settlement. For these reasons, as well as their small land area, islands often have low biodiversity (Mauchamp 1997). Island-like areas are also vulnerable to external intrusions, which represent a major threat to indigenous species (Kil et al. 2006). Recent developments in traffic pathways have decreased the number of isolated island ecosystems, thus allowing researchers to investigate the interactions between evolutionary and ecological processes that are responsible for island biodiversity (Gillespie et al. 2008).

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that climate change is causing sea levels and sea temperatures to rise and, if this trend continues, most coastal regions around the world will be at risk (Hong 2010, IPCC 2014). By 2100, these increases in sea level are estimated to reach at least 1 m, creating elevated flooding-related risks for large parts of the low-land island ecosystem, which could lead to significant habitat loss for many organisms worldwide (Bellard et al. 2013). The average annual sea level in Korean coastlines has been rising since 1989 and the average annual rate of sea level rise (5.67 mm/yr) around Ulleungdo has been particularly rapid (Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency 2020).

The Dokdo Islands, which are located at 37°14'26.8'' N and 131°52'10.4'' E, belong to an administrative district that includes the Ulleungdo Islands as well. The address of the Korean administrative district is 1-96 Dokdo-ri, Ulleung-eup, Ulleung-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Tourists cannot stay in Dokdo for more than 30 min, although the Korean Coast Guard (KCG) and some residents can visit for longer time periods. These Islands were formed during the Pliocene Epoch by an underwater volcanic eruption that occurred between 2.5 and 4.6 million years ago (Raman et al. 2016) and subsequently promoted the formation of the Ulleungdo volcanoes via tectonic plate movement (Lee et al. 2002). Dokdo is built on sea floor that is about 2,000 m deep; it comprises two main volcanic islands and 89 small islands (Sohn 1995, Ryu et al. 2012). The nearest land area to Dokdo is Jukbyeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, which is 217.149 km away from Dokdo and 87.525 km from Ulleungdo (Hwang and Park 2007).

Dokdo is entirely composed of volcanic rocks and its island ecosystem is relatively disconnected from the outside world; therefore, it is an important subject for island ecology and biogeography (Cultural Heritage Administration 2009). In 1982, Dokdo was designated as Natural Monument No. 336 by the Korea Cultural Heritage Administration (KCHA) to be managed by the Dokdo Natural Reserve. Dokdo is very small, with an area of 187,554 m2 and, because it has been protected and has inaccessible geographical features, there is extremely limited knowledge of its insect fauna. The Dokdo Islands are located at the bridge that connects Ulleungdo in Korea and the Oki Islands in Japan. Due to the fact that previous investigations of insect species on Dokdo played a vital role in characterising the biogeographic limits of these regions, the study of insect fauna on Dokdo is considered to be geographically important (Yasunaga and Duwal 2015).

Since the initial assessment of insects on Dokdo by Jolivet in 1974, many researchers have conducted follow-up studies and, by 2017, 10 orders, 74 families and 165 species of insects have been identified (Jolivet 1974, Yoon 1978, Lee and Kwon 1981, Kwon et al. 1996, An 2000, Korean Ministry of Environment 2001, Ulleung Research Institute of Gyeongju University 2004, Park and Suh 2005, Kim and Yeom 2006, An 2008, Kim et al. 2009, Lee et al. 2009, Park et al. 2010, Park et al. 2011, Park et al. 2013, Daegu Regional Environmental Office 2012, Daegu Regional Environmental Office 2016, Choi et al. 2015, Park et al. 2017, Hwang et al. 2017). Here, we report 23 newly-identified and unrecorded species and three undetermined species on the Island and provide an updated database.

Sampling methods

Description: 

Between September 2017 and September 2018, we collected samples from Dokdo four times, once each at Anyongbok-gil, Ulleung-eup, Ulleung-gun and Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea (131°52'03.2''E, 37°14'27.2'N), using sweeping, beating, brandishing, black light traps and pitfall traps. The survey was divided into East (Dongdo) and West (Seodo) using terrain isolation (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.  

Map of Dokdo: East (Dongdo) and West (Seodo) Islands.

Sampling description: 

In Dongdo, we performed sample collection along the slope leading from the marina, through the KCG facility and then to the old marina. In Seodo, we performed sample collection along a very steep slope leading to the fishermen's dormitory. Seodo has less vegetation distribution compared to Dongdo.

Collected specimen samples were stored in 70% ethanol in conical tubes. They were then transferred to the Animal Systematics and Taxonomy Laboratory and Pest Control Laboratory at Kyungpook National University, Korea. The samples were identified using the national species list of Korea and other references (National Institute of Biological Resources 2019, Chérot and Malipatil 2016, Yasunaga 2017, Göllner-Scheiding 1976, Slater and Zheng 1984, Siwi and Doesburg 1984, Malenovský 2013, ZHANG et al. 2013, Viraktamath 1979, Kim 2012, YOO et al. 2008, Yang et al. 2014, Kurahashi and Samerjai 2018, Suh and Kwon 2017a, Suh and Kwon 2017b, Bourquia et al. 2019, Vane-Wright and Hughes 2007, Ang and Meier 2010).

Database update: We created a new checklist by adding 23 newly-confirmed insect species with reference to the previous reports and compiled it into a database. The data have been registered in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).

Geographic coverage

Description: 

The survey was divided into Dongdo and Seodo.

Coordinates: 

37-14 Latitude; 131-52 and 131-51 longitude.

Taxonomic coverage

Taxa included:
Rank Scientific Name Common Name
kingdom Animalia Animals
phylum Arthropoda Arthropods
class Insecta Insects
order Blattodea
family Ectobiidae
order Coleoptera
family Aphodiidae
family Carabidae
family Chrysomelidae
family Coccinellidae
family Curculionidae
family Elateridae
family Endomychidae
family Hydrophilidae
family Latridiidae
family Mordellidae
family Nitidulidae
family Oedemeridae
family Scirtidae
family Staphylinidae
family Tenebrionidae
order Dermaptera
family Anisolabididae
family Forficulidae
order Diptera
family Anthomyiidae
family Calliphoridae
family Ceratopogonidae
family Chironomidae
family Chloropidae
family Coelopidae
family Culicidae
family Drosophilidae
family Muscidae
family Phoridae
family Psychodidae
family Rhiniidae
family Sarcophagidae
family Scathophagidae
family Sepsidae
family Syrphidae
family Tephritidae
family Tipulidae
order Hemiptera
family Alydidae
family Anthocoridae
family Aphididae
family Cicadellidae
family Cydnidae
family Delphacidae
family Lygaeidae
family Miridae
family Nabidae
family Pentatomidae
family Piesmatidae
family Rhopalidae
family Rhyparochromidae
family Scutelleridae
family Tingidae
family Triozidae
order Hymenoptera
family Bethylidae
family Braconidae
family Chalcididae
family Eupelmidae
family Formicidae
family Ichneumonidae
family Pteromalidae
order Lepidoptera
family Crambidae
family Erebidae
family Geometridae
family Hesperiidae
family Lycaenidae
family Noctuidae
family Nymphalidae
family Papilionidae
family Plutellidae
family Pyralidae
family Sphingidae
family Tortricidae
family Yponomeutidae
order Neuroptera
family Chrysopidae
family Hemerobiidae
family Sisyridae
order Odonata
family Aeshnidae
family Coenagrionidae
family Libellulidae
order Orthoptera
family Gryllacrididae
family Gryllidae
family Mogoplistidae

Usage licence

Usage licence: 
Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)

Data resources

Data package title: 
dokdo insect list, 1974-2019
Resource link: 
https://doi.org/10.15468/h684as
Number of data sets: 
1
Data set name: 
dokdo_insect_list_1974-2019
Download URL: 
https://www.gbif.org/dataset/eb47a0de-862f-44c0-be42-0e300abaaab4
Data format: 
CSV.
Column label Column description
occurrenceID Unique identifier of the occurrence
basisOfRecord State of the recorded specimen
eventDate Date of the data registration
institutionCode Abbreviation of the institution having custody of the object
scientificName Full scientific name
ScientificNameAuthorship The authorship information for the scientificName, formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode
collectionCode Abbreviation of specimen or database
decimalLatitude Geographic latitude of the collection site
decimalLongitude Geographic longitude of the collection site
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location
countryCode Country code
Identification Date Date for identifying the specimen
Identified by Identifier for the specimen
stateProvince Province in which the specimen was collected
county County in which the specimen was collected
locality Locality in which the specimen was collected
catalogNumber Specimen number for occurrence
vernacularName Common or vernacular name in Korea
kingdom kingdom name
phylum phylum name
class class name
order order name
family family name
genus genus name

Additional information

Results and Discussion

In this study, we first created an initial database, based on the results of surveys of insects on Dokdo from 1974 to 2017. This checklist confirmed the identification of 10 orders, 74 families, 165 species and 23 undetermined species of insects distributed on the Island.

Through our recent sampling, we collected and identified 23 previously unrecorded insect species in Dokdo. Of these species, ten are in the Order Hemiptera (Leptocorisa chinensis, Batracomorphus diminuta, Macrosteles striifrons, Recilia coronifera, Geotomus convexus, Creontiades coloripes, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Glaucias subpunctatus, Liorhyssus hyalinus and Horridipamera inconspicua); two are in the Order Coleoptera (Aphodius urostigma and Nacerdes melanura); ten are in the Order Diptera (Dasysyrphus bilineatus, Scaeva komabensis, Sepsis monostigma, Lucilia porphyrina, Stomorhina obsoleta, Sarcophaga brevicornis, Sarcophaga peregrina, Atherigona oryzae, Orchisia costata and Culicoides circumscriptus); and one is in the Order Lepidoptera (Vanessa indica) (Fig. 2).

Figure 2.  

Newly-recorded insect species on Dokdo Island. A. Creontiades coloripes; B.; Nesidiocoris tenuis; C. Liorhyssus hyalinus; D. Horridipamera inconspicua; E. Geotomus convexus; F. Glaucias subpunctatus; G. Leptocorisa chinensis; H. Recilia coronifera; I. Macrosteles striifrons; J. Batracomorphus diminuta; K. Nacerdes melanura; L. Dasysyrphus bilineatus; M. Scaeva komabensis; N. Sepsis monostigma; O. Lucilia porphyrina; P. Stomorhina obsoleta; Q. Sarcophaga brevicornis; R. Sarcophaga peregrina; S. Atherigona oryzae; T. Orchisia costata; U. Vanessa indica; V. Aphodius urostigma; W. Culicoides circumscriptus. Scale bars: F, G, L, M, R, U = 2.0 mm; A, C, D, K, O, P, Q = 1.0 mm; B, E, H, I, J, N, S, T, V, W = 0.5 mm.

In addition to the 23 previously unrecorded species on Dokdo, three undetermined species were identified to the genus level: two Empoasca species in the Family Cicadellidae and one Sisyra species in the Family Sisyridae. Furthermore, five of the 23 previously unrecorded species and one of the three unidentified species belong to new families, adding a total of six newly-added families to the Dokdo Insect Database. Finally, we generated an updated database of insect fauna on Dokdo that contains 10 orders, 81 families, 188 species and 23 unidentified species (Table 1).

Table 1.
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The updated database of insect species on Dokdo, based on data collected from 1974 to 2019.

Order Family Scientific Name Newly recorded species Undetermined name
Blattodea Ectobiidae Blattella nipponica Asahina, 1963
Coleoptera Aphodiidae Aphodius urostigma Harold, 1862 O
Coleoptera Carabidae Anisodactylus signatus (Panzer, 1796)
Coleoptera Carabidae Anisodactylus tricuspidatus A.Morawitz, 1863
Coleoptera Carabidae Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783)
Coleoptera Carabidae Harpalus jureceki (Jedlicka, 1928)
Coleoptera Carabidae Harpalus sinicus Hope, 1845
Coleoptera Carabidae Stenolophus difficilis (Hope, 1845)
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus, 1758
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Cassida piperata Hope, 1842
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Longitarsus succineus (Foudras, 1859)
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Psylliodes punctifrons Baly, 1874
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Thlaspida biramosa (Boheman, 1855)
Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758
Coleoptera Coccinellidae Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773)
Coleoptera Coccinellidae Harmonia yedoensis (Takizawa, 1917)
Coleoptera Coccinellidae Propylea japonica (Thunberg, 1781)
Coleoptera Coccinellidae Scymnus babai Sasaji, 1971
Coleoptera Coccinellidae Scymnus ferrugatus (Moll, 1785)
Coleoptera Coccinellidae Scymnus sp. Kugelann, 1794 O
Coleoptera Curculionidae Auleutes sp. Dietz, 1896 O
Coleoptera Curculionidae Cosmobaris scolopacea Germar, 1819
Coleoptera Curculionidae Ceutorhynchus albosuturalis (Roelofs, 1875)
Coleoptera Curculionidae Dermestes tessellatocollis Motschulsky, 1860
Coleoptera Curculionidae Rhinoncus cribricollis Hustache, 1916
Coleoptera Curculionidae Rhinoncus jakovlevi Faust, 1893
Coleoptera Curculionidae Scepticus insularis Roelofs, 1873
Coleoptera Curculionidae Scepticus uniformis Kono, 1930
Coleoptera Curculionidae Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coleoptera Elateridae Agrypnus miyamotoi (Nakane & Kishii, 1955)
Coleoptera Elateridae Melanotus castanipes (Paykull, 1800)
Coleoptera Elateridae Melanotus cete Candèze, 1860
Coleoptera Elateridae Pectocera fortunei Candéze, 1873
Coleoptera Endomychidae Ancylopus melanocephalus (Olivier, 1808)
Coleoptera Endomychidae Ancylopus pictus asiaticus (Strohecker, 1972)
Coleoptera Hydrophilidae Hydrophilus acuminatus Motschulsky, 1854
Coleoptera Latridiidae Cortinicara gibbosa (Herbst, 1793)
Coleoptera Latridiidae Stephostethus chinensis (Reitter, 1877)
Coleoptera Mordellidae Mordella sp. Linnaeus, 1758 O
Coleoptera Mordellidae Mordella tokejii Nomura, 1958
Coleoptera Nitidulidae Omosita colon (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coleoptera Nitidulidae Omosita japonica Reitter, 1874
Coleoptera Oedemeridae Nacerdes melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) O
Coleoptera Scirtidae Cyphon sp. Paykull, 1799 O
Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleochara fucicola Sharp, 1874
Coleoptera Staphylinidae Atheta sp. Thomson, 1858 O
Coleoptera Staphylinidae Atheta tokiokai (K.Sawada, 1971)
Coleoptera Staphylinidae Cafius histrio (Sharp, 1874)
Coleoptera Staphylinidae Neobisnius sp. Ganglbauer, 1895 O
Coleoptera Staphylinidae Paederus fuscipes Curtis, 1826
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Gonocephalum coenosum Kaszab, 1952
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Gonocephalum coriaceum Motschulsky, 1857
Dermaptera Anisolabididae Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli, 1832)
Dermaptera Anisolabididae Euborellia annulipes (H.F.Lucas, 1847)
Dermaptera Forficulidae Forficula scudderi de Bormans, 1880
Diptera Anthomyiidae Delia platura (Meigen, 1826)
Diptera Anthomyiidae Fucellia apicalis Kertesz, 1908
Diptera Anthomyiidae Fucellia boninensis Snyder, 1965
Diptera Anthomyiidae Pegomya cunicularia (Rondani, 1866)
Diptera Calliphoridae Calliphora nigribarbis Smellen van Vollenhoven, 1863
Diptera Calliphoridae Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann, 1830)
Diptera Calliphoridae Lucilia illustris (Meigen, 1826)
Diptera Calliphoridae Lucilia porphyrina (Walker, 1856) O
Diptera Calliphoridae Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826)
Diptera Ceratopogonidae Culicoides circumscriptus Kieffer, 1918 O
Diptera Chironomidae Polypedilum sp. Kieffer, 1912 O
Diptera Chloropidae Thaumatomyia notata (Meigen, 1830)
Diptera Coelopidae Coelopa frigida (Fabricius, 1805)
Diptera Culicidae Culex orientalis Edwards, 1921
Diptera Culicidae Ochlerotatus togoi (Theobald, 1907)
Diptera Drosophilidae Drosophila sp. Fallén, 1823 O
Diptera Muscidae Atherigona oryzae Malloch, 1925 O
Diptera Muscidae Musca bezzii Patton & Cragg, 1913
Diptera Muscidae Musca hervei Villeneuve, 1922
Diptera Muscidae Orchisia costata (Meigen, 1826) O
Diptera Phoridae Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz, 1938
Diptera Psychodidae Psychoda alternata Say, 1824
Diptera Psychodidae Tinearia alternata (Say, 1824)
Diptera Rhiniidae Stomorhina obsoleta Wiedemann, 1830 O
Diptera Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga brevicornis Ho, 1934 O
Diptera Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga melanura Meigen, 1826
Diptera Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) O
Diptera Scathophagidae Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diptera Sepsidae Sepsis monostigma Thomson, 1869 O
Diptera Syrphidae Allobaccha apicalis (Loew, 1858)
Diptera Syrphidae Allograpta javana (Wiedemann, 1824)
Diptera Syrphidae Betasyrphus serarius (Wiedemann, 1830)
Diptera Syrphidae Dasysyrphus bilineatus (Matsumura, 1917) O
Diptera Syrphidae Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776)
Diptera Syrphidae Eristalis cerealis Fabricius, 1805
Diptera Syrphidae Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diptera Syrphidae Metasyrphus corollae (Fabricius, 1794)
Diptera Syrphidae Metasyrphus nitens (Zetterstedt, 1843)
Diptera Syrphidae Scaeva komabensis (Matsumura, 1918) O
Diptera Syrphidae Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diptera Syrphidae Sphaerophoria menthastri (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diptera Syrphidae Xanthandrus comtus (Harris, 1780)
Diptera Tephritidae Campiglossa sada (Dirlbek & Dirlbekova, 1974)
Diptera Tephritidae Campiglossa sp. Rondani, 1870 O
Diptera Tephritidae Ensina sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767)
Diptera Tephritidae Trupanea convergens (Hering, 1936)
Diptera Tipulidae Tipula sp. Linnaeus, 1758 O
Hemiptera Alydidae Leptocorisa chinensis Dallas, 1852 O
Hemiptera Anthocoridae Orius sauteri (Poppius, 1909)
Hemiptera Anthocoridae Orius sp. Distant, 1904 O
Hemiptera Aphididae Aphis nerii Fonscolombe, 1841
Hemiptera Aphididae Aphis rumicis Linnaeus, 1758
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Balclutha rubrinervis Matsumura, 1902
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Batracomorphus diminuta Matsumura, 1912 O
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Empoasca sp.1 Walsh, 1862 O
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Empoasca sp.2 Walsh, 1862 O
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Hishimonus sellatus Uhler, 1896
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Laburrus impictifrons Boheman, 1852
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Macrosteles striifrons Anufriev, 1968 O
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Maiestas oryzae Matsumura, 1902
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Psammotettix striatus Linnaeus, 1758
Hemiptera Cicadellidae Recilia coronifera (Marshall, 1866) O
Hemiptera Cydnidae Geotomus pygmaeus (Dallas, 1851)
Hemiptera Cydnidae Geotomus convexus Hsiao, 1977 O
Hemiptera Delphacidae Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén, 1826)
Hemiptera Delphacidae Sogatella furcifera (Horváth, 1899)
Hemiptera Delphacidae Sogatella kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907)
Hemiptera Delphacidae Unkanodes sapporonus (Matsumura, 1935)
Hemiptera Lygaeidae Nysius plebeius Distant & W.L., 1883
Hemiptera Miridae Campylomma lividicornis Reuter, 1912
Hemiptera Miridae Campylomma sp. Reuter, 1878 O
Hemiptera Miridae Creontiades coloripes Hsiao & Meng, 1963 O
Hemiptera Miridae Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) O
Hemiptera Miridae Orthotylus flavosparsus (C.Sahlberg, 1841)
Hemiptera Miridae Trigonotylus caelestialium (Kirkaldy, 1902)
Hemiptera Nabidae Prostemma hilgendorfii Stein, 1878
Hemiptera Pentatomidae Glaucias subpunctatus (Walker, 1867) O
Hemiptera Pentatomidae Nezara antennata Scott, 1874
Hemiptera Piesmatidae Piesma capitatum (Wolff, 1804)
Hemiptera Piesmatidae Piesma maculatum (Laporte, 1833)
Hemiptera Rhopalidae Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius, 1794) O
Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Horridipamera inconspicua Dallas, 1852 O
Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Paradieuches dissimilis (Distant & W.L., 1883)
Hemiptera Rhyparochromidae Stigmatonotum rufipes (V.Motschulsky, 1866)
Hemiptera Scutelleridae Cantao ocellatus (Thunberg, 1784)
Hemiptera Tingidae Cantacader lethierryi Scott, 1874
Hemiptera Triozidae Trioza chenopodi Reuter, 1876
Hymenoptera Bethylidae Acrepyris minutus Yasumatsu, 1955
Hymenoptera Braconidae Apanteles sp. Förster, 1862 O
Hymenoptera Braconidae Cotesia sp.1 Cameron, 1891 O
Hymenoptera Braconidae Cotesia sp.2 Cameron, 1891 O
Hymenoptera Braconidae Deuterixys sp. Mason, 1981 O
Hymenoptera Braconidae Lysiphlebus sp. Förster, 1862 O
Hymenoptera Chalcididae Brachymeria femorata (Panzer, 1801)
Hymenoptera Chalcididae Brachymeria minuta (Linnaeus, 1767)
Hymenoptera Eupelmidae Eupelmus australiensis (Girault, 1913)
Hymenoptera Eupelmidae Eupelmus sp. Dalman, 1820 O
Hymenoptera Formicidae Hypoponera nippona (Santschi, 1937)
Hymenoptera Formicidae Lasius meridionalis (Bondroit, 1920)
Hymenoptera Formicidae Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851)
Hymenoptera Formicidae Monomorium intrudens Smith, 1874
Hymenoptera Formicidae Myrmecina graminicola nipponica Wheeler, 1906
Hymenoptera Formicidae Pachycondyla chinensis (Emery, 1895)
Hymenoptera Formicidae Pheidole fervida Smith, 1874
Hymenoptera Formicidae Ponera japonica Wheeler, 1906
Hymenoptera Formicidae Pristomyrmex pungens Mayr, 1866
Hymenoptera Formicidae Solenopsis japonica Wheeler, 1928
Hymenoptera Formicidae Strumigenys lewisi Cameron, 1886
Hymenoptera Formicidae Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Homotropus sp. Förster, 1869 O
Hymenoptera Pteromalidae Halticoptera circulus (Walker, 1833)
Lepidoptera Crambidae Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, 1854
Lepidoptera Crambidae Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851)
Lepidoptera Crambidae Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787)
Lepidoptera Crambidae Palpita nigropunctalis Bremer, 1864
Lepidoptera Crambidae Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)
Lepidoptera Erebidae Catocala dula Bremer, 1861
Lepidoptera Geometridae Odontopera arida Butler, 1878
Lepidoptera Geometridae Scopula ignobilis Warren, 1901
Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Parnara guttatus Bremer & Grey, 1853
Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Arhopala bazalus (Hewitson, 1862)
Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Pseudozizeeria maha (Kollar, 1844)
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766)
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Arcte coerula Guenée, 1852
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Callopistria argyrosticta Butler, 1881
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Cosmia achatina Butler, 1879
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Daddala lucilla Butler, 1881
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Diarsia canescens Butler, 1878
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Thyas juno (Dalman, 1823)
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Macdunnoughia confusa (Stephens, 1850)
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Mythimna separata (Walker, 1865)
Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Cynthia cardui Linnaeus, 1758
Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Vanessa indica Herbst, 1794 O
Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767
Lepidoptera Plutellidae Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lepidoptera Pyralidae Oncocera semirubella (Scopoli, 1763)
Lepidoptera Sphingidae Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Adoxophyes orana (Fischer v.Roslerstamm, 1834)
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Archips oporana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cochylidia contumescens Meyrick, 1931
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cochylidia richteriana (Fischer v.Roslerstamm, 1837)
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Tortrix sinapina Butler, 1879
Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta meguronis Matsumura, 1931
Neuroptera Chrysopidae Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838)
Neuroptera Hemerobiidae Hemerobius humulinus Linnaeus, 1758
Neuroptera Sisyridae Sisyra sp. Burmeister, 1839 O
Odonata Aeshnidae Anax parthenope Selys, 1839
Odonata Coenagrionidae Ischnura asiatica Brauer, 1865
Odonata Libellulidae Pantala flavescens Fabricius, 1798
Odonata Libellulidae Rhyothemis fuliginosa Selys, 1883
Odonata Libellulidae Sympetrum darwinianum Selys, 1883
Orthoptera Gryllacrididae Nippancistroger sp. Griffini, 1913 O
Orthoptera Gryllidae Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi & I.Matsuura, 1951)
Orthoptera Gryllidae Velarifictorus aspersus (F.Walker, 1869)
Orthoptera Mogoplistidae Ornebius kanetataki (S.Matsumura, 1904)

Amongst the 23 previously unrecorded species on Dokdo, B. diminuta was first discovered in Korea and the remainder of this species has been recorded in the Korean Peninsula. In addition, C. circumscriptus, a blood-sucking insect known for being extremely annoying to the KCG and residents of Dokdo, has been identified for the first time in Dokdo, using a black light trap with dry ice.

The 23 undetermined species that have been identified up to the genus stage are classified as unrecorded or new species in Korea. Due to geographical characteristics, the study of these insects is considered to be very important for understanding the biodiversity of Dokdo Island.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1A6A1A05011910).

References

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