Updated checklist of Azores Chondrichthyes (Vertebrata: Gnathostomata)

Luís Barcelos; José Azevedo; João Barreiros

doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e62813

Biodiversity Data Journal : Data Paper (Biosciences)

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Data Paper (Biosciences)

Updated checklist of Azores Chondrichthyes (Vertebrata: Gnathostomata)

Luís M. D. Barcelos^‡,§, José M. N. Azevedo^§,|, João Pedro Barreiros^‡,§

‡ Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal

§ University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal

| Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Ponta Delgada, Portugal

Corresponding author: Luís M. D. Barcelos (ldbarcelos@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Felipe Ottoni

Received: 05 Jan 2021 | Accepted: 18 Feb 2021 | Published: 11 Mar 2021

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Barcelos LMD, Azevedo JMN, Barreiros JP (2021) Updated checklist of Azores Chondrichthyes (Vertebrata: Gnathostomata). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62813. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e62813

Abstract

Background

Several lists of marine fish from Azores have been published in the past. Most of those publications are difficult to access on line and several were not published in peer-reviewed journals.

New information

This checklist updates all the chondrichthyan records for the Azores Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), according to the most recent taxonomic classification of cartilaginous fish, as well as providing information on the conservation status for all species. We also present recent literature data on rare species and recent records for Azores. This is the first comprehensive list of cartilaginous fishes from Azores to be published in the GBIF database.

Keywords

cartilaginous fishes, rays, sharks, species list

Introduction

Chondrichthyes are commonly known as cartilaginous fishes and includes chimeras, sharks and rays. They can be found from the cold deep-sea to subtropical and tropical waters (Greemberg 2009). Sharks and rays have a great recreational and ecological interest (Vieira et al. 2020); however, many species worldwide are declining due to global overfishing (Worm et al. 2013). The total estimation for risk extinction, according to the IUCN Red List criteria, indicates that a quarter of all shark and ray species are threatened (Dulvy et al. 2014).

The first comprehensive chondrichthyan checklist for Azores was published over 20 years ago by Santos et al. (1997). After that, some updates were made, most of them integrated in marine fish or biodiversity lists (e.g. Porteiro et al. 2010). In the meantime, new publications have emerged regarding new records (e.g. Catarino et al. 2020) or with new information on species already recorded for Azores (e.g. Das and Afonso 2017, Barcelos et al. 2018). The present work gives taxonomic updates and information regarding the conservation status (IUCN) for all chondrichthyan species from the Azores' EEZ (see Suppl. material 1). This is the first complete and updated list of chondrichthyans that can be found in the GBIF online platform (Barcelos et al. 2020).

General description

Purpose:

Updating Azorean biota checklists.

Project description

Title:

Azores Chondrichthyes updated checklist

Personnel:

Paulo Borges

Study area description:

Azores Archipelago

Funding:

Funding Institutions: Azores PO 2020 - ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072; TOTAL BUDGET: €299,901.83 EU Support: €254,916.56. This project was financed by FEDER in 85% and by Azorean Public funds by 15% through the Operational Programme Azores 2020. This work is also funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the Research Infrastructure PORBIOTA - Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity, project number POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127.

Sampling methods

Geographic coverage

Description:

The Azores EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone).

Coordinates:

34 and 42.976 Latitude; -35.578 and -21 Longitude.

Taxonomic coverage

Description:

This dataset covers all the sharks, rays and chimaeras so far known to occur within the Azores' EEZ.

Taxa included:

Rank	Scientific Name	Common Name
kingdom	Animalia
phylum	Chordata
class	Chondrichthyes
subclass	Holocephali
subclass	Elasmobranchii
superorder	Holocephalimorpha
superorder	Selachimorfa
superorder	Batoidea
order	Carcharhiniformes	Ground sharks
order	Chimaeriformes	Chimaeras
order	Hexanchiformes	Frill and cow sharks
order	Lamniformes	Mackerel sharks
order	Myliobatiformes	Stingrays
order	Orectolobiformes	Carpet sharks
order	Rajiformes	Skates and rays
order	Squaliformes	Bramble, sleeper and dogfish sharks
order	Torpediniformes	Electric rays
family	Rhinochimaeridae
family	Chimaeridae
family	Sphyrnidae
family	Carcharhinidae
family	Triakidae
family	Pseudotriakidae
family	Scyliorhinidae
family	Pentanchidae
family	Lamnidae
family	Cetorhinidae
family	Alopiidae
family	Odontaspididae
family	Rhincodontidae
family	Dalatiidae
family	Oxynotidae
family	Somniosidae
family	Etmopteridae
family	Centrophoridae
family	Hexanchidae
family	Chlamydoselachidae
family	Mobulidae
family	Myliobatidae
family	Dasyatidae
family	Rajidae
family	Torpedinidae
species	Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt & Byrne, 1909
species	Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy & Stehmann, 1990
species	Hydrolagus affinis (de Brito Capello, 1868)
species	Chimaera opalescens Luchetti, Iglésias & Sellos, 2011
species	Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758
species	Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822)
species	Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)
species	Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839)
species	Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)
species	Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Pseudotriakis microdon de Brito Capello, 1868
species	Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Galeus murinus (Collett, 1904)
species	Apristurus manis (Springer 1979)
species	Apristurus laurussonii (Saemundsson, 1922)
species	Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
species	Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966
species	Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
species	Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765)
species	Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
species	Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841)
species	Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810)
species	Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828
species	Squaliolus laticaudus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
species	Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788)
species	Oxynotus paradoxus Frade, 1929
species	Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877)
species	Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827)
species	Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
species	Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988
species	Centroselachus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864)
species	Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906
species	Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864
species	Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Etmopterus pusillus (Lowe, 1839)
species	Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904
species	Centroscyllium fabricii (Reinhardt, 1825)
species	Deania profundorum (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)
species	Deania calcea (Lowe, 1839)
species	Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
species	Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
species	Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
species	Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788)
species	Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884
species	Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892)
species	Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)
species	Mobula birostris (Walbaum, 1792)
species	Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832)
species	Taeniurops grabatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)
species	Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873
species	Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
species	Raja maderensis Lowe, 1838
species	Rajella bigelowi (Stehmann, 1978)
species	Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
species	Bathyraja richardsoni (Garrick, 1961)
species	Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835)

Traits coverage

Temporal coverage

Collection data

Usage licence

Usage licence:

Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)

IP rights notes:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 Licence.

Data resources

Data package title:

Azores chondrichthyes updated checklist

Resource link:

http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=azores_chondrichthyes_updated_checklist_vs_1&v=1.9

Alternative identifiers:

http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=azores_chondrichthyes_updated_checklist_vs_1

Number of data sets:

Data set name:

Azores chondrichthyes updated checklist

Data format:

Darwin Core

Description:

This updated checklist of the chondrichthyans already identified within the Azores EEZ follows the last revised version published by Barreiros and Gadig (2011). Two new records have been registered and the taxonomy has been updated. New information regarding the specific occurrence of the rare Odontaspis ferox was recently published (see Barcelos et al. 2018). The first comprehensive chondrichthyan checklist was published by Santos et al. (1997) and later updated by Porteiro et al. (2010).

Column label	Column description
id	identification of the record
taxonID	identification of the taxon
acceptedNameUsageID	identification of the usage name
parentNameUsageID	identifiction of the parent usage name
scientificName	scientific name of the taxon
parentNameUsage	name from which the taxon name originates
kingdom	kingdom
phylum	phylum
class	class
order	order
family	family
genus	genus
specificEpithet	specific epithet
taxonRank	taxon rank
scientificNameAuthorship	scientific name authorship

Additional information

The following species are referred to the Azores’ EEZ by some authors: Bathytoshia centroura (Das and Afonso 2017, Santos et al. 2020), Deania hystricosa (Compagno 2016), Dipturus intermedius (Santos et al. 2020) and Bathyraja pallida (Das and Afonso 2017, Santos et al. 2020). However, they were not included in this checklist because those authors, as well as other sources (e.g. IUCN’s Red List) report their occurrence as either doubtful or ‘need to be confirmed’. As such, this fact does not allow us to have a degree of confidence that these species were actually confirmed to occur within this checklist geographic area.

Acknowledgements

Author contributions

LMDB, JMNA and JPB published the updated checklist in GBIF IPT - Portugal and built the framework. LMDB developed this paper and uploaded all the files into the Arphahub platform. All authors read and edited the submitted version and agreed on its present version.

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Supplementary material

Suppl. material 1: Species list - taxon remarks and occurrence details

Authors: Barcelos LMD, Azevedo JMN, Barreiros JP

Data type: taxon remarks, occurrence details, IUCN conservation status

Download file (21.82 kb)

Endnotes