Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic Paper
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Taxonomic Paper
Birds from the Azores: An updated list with some comments on species distribution
expand article infoLuís MD Barcelos‡, Pedro R Rodrigues§, Joël Bried|, Enésima P Mendonça‡, Rosalina Gabriel‡, Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges‡
‡ CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Portugal
§ Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| na, Biarritz, France
Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Pavel Stoev
Received: 16 Sep 2015 | Accepted: 09 Nov 2015 | Published: 20 Nov 2015
© 2015 Luís Barcelos, Pedro Rodrigues, Joël Bried, Enésima Mendonça, Rosalina Gabriel, Paulo Borges
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Barcelos L, Rodrigues P, Bried J, Mendonça E, Gabriel R, Borges P (2015) Birds from the Azores: An updated list with some comments on species distribution. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6604. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6604
 Open Access

Abstract

Background

An updated checklist of the Birds of the Azores is presented based on information compiled from Rodrigues et al. (2010) and from the websites, Azores Bird Club. (2014), Aves dos Açores (2014), Azores Bird Sightings (2014) and Vittery (2014), since 2010.

New information

The checklist has a total of 414 species, including 38 new species.

Almost half of the species and subspecies that occur in the Azores have a Palearctic origin, the remaining ones being essentialy Nearctic and Holarctic species. São Miguel is the island with the highest number of bird species, followed by Terceira, Corvo and Flores islands.

Keywords

Azores, birds checklist, species distribution

Introduction

Birds (Vertebrata: Aves) are some of the most iconic animals. They play important roles in the ecosystem, and since they are abundant and diverse in most urban and rural areas, humans have established a good long-lasting relationship with them (e.g., birdwatching, photography). However, amongst the ca 10.000 bird species which have been living on Earth since the appearance of modern humans, many species were regionally lost or extinct, or are endangered, especially on islands (Sax et al. 2002, Elphick et al. 2010, Rando et al. 2013, Alcover et al. 2015). Updating a list of birds from remote oceanic islands represents an important step towards an improved knowledge of colonization mechanisms and migratory patterns by animals and a contribution towards the conservation and management of insular taxa and their natural habitats.

The Azores Archipelago is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, between 36°55’ and 39°43’ N, and 24°46’ and 31°16’ W, about 1500 km from mainland Europe and 1900 km from North America (Fig. 1). The Azores is a volcanic oceanic archipelago consisting of nine islands and several islets of recent volcanic origin (0.25 to 8.12 My old), which are spread over >600 km along a northwest-southeast transect (França et al. 2003). The oceanic distribution of these islands and, as a consequence, their relative positions, has led to the formation of the following groups: (i), a western group, comprising the islands of Flores and Corvo; (ii), a central group, with the islands of Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Terceira and Graciosa and (iii), an eastern group, made up of the islands of São Miguel and Santa Maria.

Figure 1.  

Map of Azores islands, Portugal (Modified from Amorim 2005).

Due to its remoteness, the Azores archipelago was discovered and humans settled only at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The settlers described the islands as covered by dense native vegetation, with countless birds, especially seabirds (Frutuoso 2005a, Frutuoso 2005b, Frutuoso 2005c). Until then the archipelago was definitely a bird paradise, not only for seabirds that could use the vast coastal cliffs of the islands and islets to breed, but also for terrestrial birds which were widespread in the lush Azorean forests (Rodrigues and Cunha 2012). After human colonization started in 1439, several bird species suffered a sudden decrease in population size due to their use as food and oil source for human consumption, as well as to the introduction of predators and the destruction of their habitat (Rodrigues et al. 2010). As a consequence of the human impact, six flightless bird species are confirmed to be extinct in the Azores, namely one Otus species (Rando et al. 2013) and five Rallus species (Alcover et al. 2015), but recent findings indicate that many more will be described soon (Josep Alcover and Juan Rando, pers. comm.).

Despite the reduction of several bird populations, the Azores remain of great interest for ornithologists and are considered as one of the most popular destinations for European birdwatchers (Pereira 2010, Rodrigues and Michielsen 2010), all the more since they hold two endemic species: the Azores Bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina Godman, 1866) (Fig. 2), and Monteiro’s Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma monteiroi Bolton et al. 2008) (Fig. 3), and 11 endemic subspecies. Besides, the Azores archipelago displays colonies of several seabird species of great importance in the European context, and it is also possible to observe pelagic birds and a large variety of migratory birds, some of which are very rare Nearctic vagrants to the western Palearctic (Rodrigues and Michielsen 2010, Barreiros et al. 2014).

Figure 2.  

Azores Bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina Godman, 1866). Photo by PAV Borges (2008).

Figure 3.  

Monteiro’s Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma monteiroi Bolton et al., 2008). Photo by PH Silva (2014).

Rodrigues and Cunha (2011) resumed the ornithological history of the Azores, from the beginning of human settlement until recently, and the latest checklist of birds from the Azores archipelago was published in 2010 by Rodrigues et al., as part of the complete list of Azorean biota published by Borges et al. (2010). This list was based on an exhaustive review of the published literature (e.g., Le Grand 1993, Monteiro et al. 1996, Monteiro et al. 1999, Elias et al. 2003, Elias et al. 2004, Elias et al. 2005, Elias et al. 2006, Bried et al. 2007, Jara et al. 2007, Jara et al. 2008, Bolton et al. 2008, Imber 2008, Vittery 2014) but also on unpublished data following Rodebrand (2010) and Rodebrand S. & The Birding Azores Team (2010). This checklist totalled 384 species, distributed between three categories: breeding, non-breeding and potentially breeding (species reported as introduced and/or escapes from captivity and for which suitable nesting conditions exist in the Azores, but whose numbers are insufficient to allow the maintenance of self-sustaining populations in this archipelago). During the last years, and due to the growing interest of birdwatchers in the Azores avifauna, several dedicated websites have been developed, such as ABC – Azores Bird Club. (2014) (formerly Birding Azores) (http://www.birdingazores.com/), AdA – Aves dos Açores (2014) (http://azores.avesdeportugal.info/) and ABS – Azores Bird Sightings (2014) (http://azoresbs.weebly.com/ from January 2012 to February 2014 and http://azoresbirdsightings.blogspot.co.uk/ from August 2014 onward). These websites are presently used by birdwatchers as a tool to register new information about species occurrence and distribution in the Azores.

The present paper updates the previous checklist (Rodrigues et al. 2010), with respect to species distribution within the archipelago and also by including new species to the archipelago. The updating is based on the sightings reports available on the websites mentioned above. We also perform a nomenclatural review of the Orders, Families, Species and Subspecies, following the 2014 IOC World Bird list (v 4.3) (Gill and Donsker 2015) published by the International Ornithologists’ Union (available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/). Some additional notes on the distribution of the different species among the islands and their biogeographic origin are presented.

Materials and methods

Based on Rodrigues et al. (2010), we completed a full taxonomic revision using the IOC Bird list (Gill and Donsker 2015) as a reference to identify the changes which occurred in the taxonomic hierarchy and synonymies. Then, we updated the list of the species recorded in the Azores archipelago until the end of 2014, as well as their distribution within the archipelago. The species newly reported for the Azores are signalled as NSR (New Species Record). Most of these NSRs were reported after 2010, but there are also a few missing records prior to this date. The species previously reported by Rodrigues et al. (2010), but whose distribution has changed since then, are signalled with an asterisk (*). All the new information about species occurrence and distribution was compiled based on the birdwatching websites mentioned earlier, and relies on a large number of birdwatcher contributions.

In order to make the data easier to consult, the main checklist (Checklist 1) includes all the breeding and non-breeding species together, including the escapes and/or introduced species which already have feral populations in the Azores. All the other escapes and/or introduced species were excluded from the main list, and can be consulted in Checklist 2.

We considered the species with five our less records, in Azores, as Rare Species. This species are presented in a table (Suppl. material 3) with the number of sightings, number of individual recorded, and some notes.

Besides the taxonomical information and the distribution among the Azorean islands (Fig. 4), we include information on: i) biogeographical origin, based on (Lomolino et al. 2010); ii) breeding status; iii) islands where breeding has been documented and iv) current protection status of the species according to the Azorean Decree DLR n.° 15/2012/A Governo dos Açores (2012) from 2nd April 2012, which transposes the European Directives (Birds), Conventions (Bern and OSPAR), Agreements (AEWA) and specific regional protection statuses (TOP100) to the regional legislation. The protection statuses are represented by a letter or code (corresponding to the directive, convention or law) and by a Roman numeral (corresponding to the annex) as follows: P – Priority species for conservation; A – Birds directive; B – Bern Convention; AEWA – African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement; O – OSPAR Convention; T100 – 100 prioritary threatened species for management purposes in the European biogeographical region of Macaronesia (Martín et al. 2008); (X) – New species disaggregated from Madeiran Storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt, 1851) and which is known to breed only on Praia and Baixo islets (Graciosa Island).

Figure 4.  

Global species richness on the nine Azorean islands (COR= Corvo; FLO = Flores; FAI = Faial; PIC = Pico; GRA =Graciosa; SJG = São Jorge; TER = Terceira; SMG = São Miguel; SMR = Santa Maria) (Suppl. material 1).

List of the non-breeding and breeding species from Azores

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Vertebrata

Class Aves

Order Anseriformes

Family Anatidae

Aix sponsa (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; GRA; TER*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas americana Gmelin, 1789

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas carolinensis Gmelin, 1789

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas crecca Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas discors Linnaeus, 1766

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas penelope Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR (Occasional Breeder); FLO (Occasional Breeder); FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG (Occasional Breeder); SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas querquedula Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas rubripes Brewster, 1902

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO (Occasional Breeder); TER; SMG
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anas strepera Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anser albifrons (Scopoli, 1769)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER*; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon, 1834

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anser fabalis (Latham, 1787)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Aythya affinis (Eyton, 1838)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Aythya collaris (Donovan, 1809)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Aythya marila (Linnaeus, 1761)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC*; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Branta bernicla hrota (Müller, 1776)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Branta leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; SJG; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Bucephala albeola (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
PIC; GRA; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FAI*; PIC*; SJG*; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Cygnus olor (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816)

Native status: 
Afro-tropical
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Melanitta nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Mergus merganser Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
GRA; TER*
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Mergus serrator Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Oxyura jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Somateria spectabilis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Galliformes

Family Phasianidae

Alectoris rufa hispanica (Seoane, 1894)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA
Distribution: 
PIC (Breeder); GRA*; TER (Breeder); SMG*; SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Coturnix coturnix conturbans Hartert, 1917

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Gaviiformes

Family Gaviidae

Gavia arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Gavia immer (Brünnich, 1764)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan, 1763)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
GRA; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Procellariiformes

Family Diomedeidae

Thalassarche melanophris (Temminck, 1828)

Native status: 
Sub-Antarctic
Distribution: 
FAI; PIC
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Procellariidae

Bulweria bulwerii (Jardine & Selby, 1828)

Native status: 
Pantropical
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; T100
Distribution: 
FLO*; FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SMG*; SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; T100
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pterodroma arminjoniana (Giglioli & Salvadori, 1868)

Native status: 
Pantropical
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*; FAI; PIC; GRA*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pterodroma cahow (Nichols & Mowbray, 1916)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional and Non-Breeding. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pterodroma deserta Mathews, 1934

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
GRA
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Pterodroma sp. (deserta or feae) (Mathews, 1934) (Salvadori, 1899)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pterodroma hasitata (Kuhl, 1820)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FAI*; PIC; GRA
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pterodroma madeira Mathews, 1934

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
GRA
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel, 1863)

Native status: 
Pantropical
Distribution: 
FAI
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Puffinus baroli (Bonaparte, 1857)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; O; T100
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER*; SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Macaronesian Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Puffinus gravis (O'Reilly, 1818)

Native status: 
Southern Atlantic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Southern hemisphere
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Puffinus mauretanicus Lowe, 1921

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Puffinus puffinus (Brünnich, 1764)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
P; A; B-II
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG*; TER*; SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Hydrobatidae

Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820)

Native status: 
Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI*; PIC; GRA*; TER*; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt, 1851)

Native status: 
Pantropical
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; T100
Distribution: 
COR*; GRA (Breeder); SJG*; SMG*; SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Oceanodroma monorhis (Swinhoe, 1867)

Native status: 
Sub-tropical Pacific
Distribution: 
GRA
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Oceanodroma monteiroi Bolton et al., 2008

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I (x)
Distribution: 
COR*; GRA (Breeder); SJG*
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pelagodroma marina (Latham, 1790)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI*; PIC; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Podicipediformes

Family Podicipedidae

Podiceps auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FAI
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

Podiceps nigricollis Brehm, 1831

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FAI; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Phoenicopteriformes

Family Phoenicopteridae

Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas, 1811

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Phaethontiformes

Family Phaethontidae

Phaethon aethereus mesonauta Peters, 1930

Native status: 
Pantropical
Conservation status: 
A; AEWA
Distribution: 
FAI; PIC; GRA (Occasional Breeder); SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phaethon lepturus Daudin, 1802

Native status: 
Pantropical
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI*; SJG*; TER*; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Ciconiiformes

Family Ciconiidae

Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
PIC*; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Pelecaniformes

Family Threskiornithidae

Geronticus eremita (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Platalea leucorodia Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO*; FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Ardeidae

Ardea alba alba Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ardea alba egretta Gmelin, 1789

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ardea herodias Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ardea purpurea Linnaeus, 1766

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli, 1769)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FAI*; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett, 1813)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; PIC*; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Botaurus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Butorides virescens (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC; SJG; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC; GRA*; SJG; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Egretta gularis (Bosc, 1792)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Egretta thula (Molina, 1782)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Egretta tricolor (Müller, 1776)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
PIC; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ixobrychus minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; PIC; TER; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Suliformes

Family Fregatidae

Fregata magnificens Mathews, 1914

Native status: 
Sub-tropical and Tropical Atlantic; Tropical-eastern Pacific
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO*; PIC*; TER*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Sulidae

Morus bassanus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sula dactylatra Lesson, 1831

Native status: 
Pantropical
Distribution: 
FAI; GRA*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sula leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Pantropical
Distribution: 
GRA*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson, 1831)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; PIC*; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Accipitriformes

Family Pandiondidae

Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Accipitridae

Buteo buteo rothschildi (Swann, 1919)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A; B-II; T100
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Buteo buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
GRA; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan, 1763)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FAI; PIC*; GRA*; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; TER*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; PIC*; TER; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Circus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Elanoides forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
GRA; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Milvus milvus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Gruiformes

Family Rallidae

Crex crex (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Fulica americana Gmelin, 1789

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI*; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Fulica atra atra Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gallinula chloropus chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO (Breeder); FAI*; PIC*; GRA*; SJG*; TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Porphyrio alleni Thomson, 1842

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
GRA*; TER*; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Porphyrio martinicus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI*; GRA*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Porzana carolina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO*; SJG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Porzana parva (Scopoli, 1769)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FAI; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Porzana porzana (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Porzana pusilla (Pallas, 1776)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Gruidae

Grus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Grus grus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Charadriiformes

Family Burhinidae

Burhinus oedicnemus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Haematopodidae

Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FAI; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Recurvirostridae

Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Charadriidae

Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Charadrius asiaticus Pallas, 1773

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Charadrius dubius Scopoli, 1786

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FAI; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte, 1825

Native status: 
Nearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR* (Occasional Breeder)
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pluvialis apricaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pluvialis dominica (Müller, 1776)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Scolopacidae

Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Actitis macularius (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein, 1812)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris acuminata (Horsfield, 1821)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris alpina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris bairdii (Coues, 1861)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FLO*; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris canutus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1763)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris fuscicollis (Vieillot, 1819)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Migrante; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris himantopus (Bonaparte, 1826)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
PIC; SJG*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris maritima (Brünnich, 1764)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris mauri (Cabanis, 1857)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris melanotos (Vieillot, 1819)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris minutilla (Vieillot, 1819)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris pusilla (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Migrante; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calidris temminckii (Leisler, 1812)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gallinago delicata (Ord, 1825)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gallinago gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA*; SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gallinago media (Latham, 1787)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Limnodromus griseus (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Limnodromus scolopaceus (Say, 1822)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Limosa lapponica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Lymnocryptes minimus (Brünnich, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Numenius arquata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO*; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus Latham, 1790

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI*; PIC*; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Numenius phaeopus phaeopus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Numenius tenuirostris Vieillot, 1817

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phalaropus lobatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
TER*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phalaropus tricolor (Vieillot, 1819)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; PIC; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I;A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Scolopax rusticola Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA*; SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa erythropus (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FAI; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa flavipes (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa glareola Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa melanoleuca (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa ochropus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa semipalmata (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa solitaria Wilson, 1813

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa stagnatilis (Bechstein, 1803)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tringa totanus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot, 1819)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Xenus cinereus (Güldenstädt, 1775)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

Family Laridae

Anous stolidus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Pantropical
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chlidonias niger niger (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chlidonias niger surinamensis (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas, 1811)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck, 1815)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord, 1815)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FAI; PIC; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
PIC; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Hydrocoloeus minutus (Pallas, 1776)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FAI; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ichthyaetus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ichthyaetus melanocephalus (Temminck, 1820)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus canus brachyrhynchus Richardson, 1831

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus canus canus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus delawarensis Ord, 1815

Native status: 
Nearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus glaucoides glaucoides Meyer, 1822

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus glaucoides kumlieni Brewster, 1883

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER*; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, 1767

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus michahellis atlantis Dwight, 1922

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-IIB; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus michahellis michahellis Naumann, 1840

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Larus smithsonianus Coues, 1862

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG*; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Leucophaeus atricilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Leucophaeus pipixcan (Wagler, 1831)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Onychoprion anaethetus melanopterus (Swainson, 1837)

Native status: 
Pantropical
Distribution: 
PIC; GRA (Occasional Breeder); SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Onychoprion fuscatus fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Tropical Atlantic
Conservation status: 
A; AEWA
Distribution: 
FAI*; GRA (Breeder); SJG*; TER*; SMG*; SMR
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
A; AEWA
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant; Regular Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sterna dougallii dougallii Montagu, 1813

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; AEWA; O; T100
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sterna forsteri Nuttall, 1834

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sterna hirundo hirundo Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; B-II; AEWA; T100
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sternula albifrons (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Thalasseus maximus (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FLO; GRA; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham, 1787)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Xema sabini (Sabine, 1819)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Stercorariidae

Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot, 1819

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FAI; PIC; GRA*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Stercorarius maccormicki Saunders, 1893

Native status: 
Antarctic
Distribution: 
FLO*; FAI*; GRA*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck, 1815)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Stercorarius skua (Brünnich, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Regular Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Alcidae

Alca torda Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FAI; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Alle alle (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Uria lomvia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FLO*; FAI; PIC*; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Columbiformes

Family Columbidae

Columba livia (domestica) Gmelin, 1789

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Columba palumbus azorica Hartert, 1905

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FAI*; PIC (Breeder); GRA*; TER (Breeder); SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Streptopelia turtur (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Cuculiformes

Family Cuculidae

Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wilson, 1811)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Cuculus canorus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
PIC*; SJG; TER*; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Strigiformes

Family Tytonidae

Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Strigidae

Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan, 1763)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Asio otus otus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO*; FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC*; SJG*
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Caprimulgiformes

Family Caprimulgidae

Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; GRA*; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chordeiles minor (Forster, 1771)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; SJG; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Apodiformes

Family Apodidae

Apus affinis (Gray, 1830)

Native status: 
Afro-tropical
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Apus apus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Apus pallidus (Shelley, 1870)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tachymarptis melba (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FAI*; TER*; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Coraciiformes

Family Caoraciidae

Coracias garrulus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Alcedinidae

Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER*; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Meropidae

Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Bucerotiformes

Family Upupidae

Upupa epops Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; PIC*; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Piciformes

Family Picidae

Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FAI
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Falconiformes

Family Falconidae

Falco amurensis Radde, 1863

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
PIC
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Falco columbarius Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Falco naumanni Fleischer, 1818

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Falco rusticolus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
AZO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Falco sparverius Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Falco subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Falco vespertinus Linnaeus, 1766

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; FAI; PIC; TER*; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Psittaciformes

Family Psittacidae

Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769)

Native status: 
Afro-tropical
Distribution: 
FAI*; TER*; SMG (Breeder)
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Passeriformes

Family Laniidae

Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Lanius senator Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Lanius excubitor borealis Vieillot, 1808

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Family Vireoidae

Vireo flavifrons Vieillot, 1808

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vireo griseus (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI*; TER*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vireo philadelphicus (Cassin, 1851)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Oriolidae

Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Corvidae

Coloeus monedula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Corvus corone corone Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
PIC; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Bombycillidae

Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot, 1808

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Bombycilla garrulus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
FAI
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Alaudidae

Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; TER*; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Calandrella brachydactyla (Leisler, 1814)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SJG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Galerida cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Hirundinidae

Cecropis daurica (Laxmann, 1769)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FAI; SJG; SMG*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Delichon urbicum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Hirundo rustica erythrogaster Boddaert, 1783

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Hirundo rustica rustica Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot, 1817)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Progne subis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Riparia paludicola (Vieillot, 1817)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Phylloscopidae

Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot, 1817)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA*; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phylloscopus inornatus (Blyth, 1842)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
PIC*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SJG; TER*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Acrocephalidae

Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Acrocephalus agricola (Jerdon, 1845)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Locustellidae

Locustella naevia (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Family Sylviidae

Hippolais polyglotta (Vieillot, 1817)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Regulus regulus azoricus Seebohm, 1883

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A; B-II
Distribution: 
SMG (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Regulus regulus inermis Murphy & Chapin, 1929

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A; B-II
Distribution: 
FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Regulus regulus sanctaemariae Vaurie, 1954

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A; B-II
Distribution: 
SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sylvia atricapilla gularis Alexander, 1898

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sylvia borin (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Sylvia cantillans (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein, 1792)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Sylvia communis Latham, 1787

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Family Troglodytidae

Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Mimidae

Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Family Sturnidae

Sturnus vulgaris granti Hartert, 1903

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Turdidae

Catharus guttatus (Pallas, 1811)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Catharus minimus (Lafresnaye, 1848)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall, 1840)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Turdus iliacus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Turdus merula azorensis Hartert, 1905

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIB
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Turdus migratorius Linnaeus, 1766

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Turdus naumanni Temminck, 1820

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Turdus philomelos Brehm, 1831

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Turdus torquatus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; SMG*; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Muscicapidae

Erithacus rubecula rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II
Distribution: 
FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Native. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Ficedula parva (Bechstein, 1792)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Oenanthe hispanica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II
Distribution: 
FLO; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Oenanthe isabellina (Temminck, 1829)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phoenicurus ochruros (Gmelin, 1774)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER*; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR* (Occasional Breeder); FLO; PIC; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; SJG; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Saxicola rubicola (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Passeridae

Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Petronia petronia (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Estrildidae

Estrilda astrild (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Afro-tropical
Distribution: 
TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder)
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Motacillidae

Anthus campestris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anthus cervinus (Pallas, 1811)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER*; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anthus rubescens rubescens (Tunstall, 1771)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*; PIC; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Motacilla alba alba Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Motacilla cinerea patriciae Vaurie, 1957

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; PIC; TER*; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Fringillidae

Acanthis flammea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Acanthis hornemanni (Holböll, 1843)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Carduelis carduelis parva Tschusi, 1901

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Macaronesian Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Chloris chloris aurantiiventris (Cabanis, 1851)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A; B-II
Distribution: 
FAI*; PIC*; TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR*
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Fringilla coelebs moreletti Pucheran, 1859

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Wintering. New Azores Record

Linaria cannabina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER*; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Linaria flavirostris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Pyrrhula murina Godman, 1866

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
P; A-I; T100
Distribution: 
SMG (Breeder)
Notes: 
Azores Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Serinus canaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A
Distribution: 
COR (Breeder); FLO (Breeder); FAI (Breeder); PIC (Breeder); GRA (Breeder); SJG (Breeder); TER (Breeder); SMG (Breeder); SMR (Breeder)
Notes: 
Macaronesian Endemic. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Serinus serinus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Spinus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Parulidae

Cardellina canadensis (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Leiothlypis peregrina (Wilson, 1811)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Parkesia noveboracensis (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; SMG*; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga americana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Seiurus aurocapilla (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*; TER
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga caerulescens (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga citrina (Boddaert, 1783)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga coronata (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga discolor (Vieillot, 1809)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Setophaga dominica (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Setophaga magnolia (Wilson, 1811)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga pensylvanica (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga petechia (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga striata (Forster, 1772)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Setophaga virens (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Vermivora cyanoptera Olson & Reveal, 2009

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Family Icteridae

Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Icterus galbula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Emberizidae

Emberiza rustica Pallas, 1776

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Junco hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Melospiza lincolnii (Audubon, 1834)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Passerculus sandwichensis (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. New Azores Record

Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster, 1772)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Calcariidae

Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Holarctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; TER; SMG; SMR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant; Occasional Wintering. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Cardinalidae

Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO; SMG; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Piranga olivacea (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR; FLO
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Piranga rubra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Spiza americana (Gmelin, 1789)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
COR*; FLO; SMR*
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

List of potential breeding species from Azores

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Vertebrata

Class Aves

Order Anseriformes

Family Anatidae

Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
PIC*; GRA; TER; SMG
Notes: 
Occasional Migrant. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Galliformes

Family Numididae

Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Afro-tropical
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Odontophoridae

Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
FAI
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Phasianidae

Perdix perdix (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Palearctic
Conservation status: 
A-IIA
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus, 1758

Native status: 
Palearctic
Distribution: 
AZO
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Order Passeriformes

Family Corvidae

Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Native status: 
Nearctic
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Estrildidae

Estrilda troglodytes (Lichtenstein, 1823)

Native status: 
Afro-tropical
Distribution: 
SMG
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Family Fringillidae

Crithagra mozambica (Müller, 1776)

Native status: 
Afro-tropical
Distribution: 
TER
Notes: 
Introduced. Rodrigues et al. (2010)

Analysis

The updated list of the bird species recorded in the Azores comprised 38 newly recorded species, increasing the total number of recorded species and subspecies to 414. These 414 taxa belong to 24 orders, 67 families, 202 genera and 404 species. Some of the species and genus names from the previous list were changed and some families were moved to other orders. The taxonomic revision results in the addition of four new orders to the checklist.

São Miguel Island stands out as the richest island (299 spp. and sspp.), followed by Terceira (248 spp. and sspp.), Corvo and Flores (238 and 232 spp. and sspp., respectively) (Fig. 4). The islands of Corvo (western group) and Santa Maria (eastern group) were the ones with the highest increases in species number (plus 14,1% and 12,%, respectively).

Almost half of the species and subspecies that occur in the Azores come from the Palearctic (n = 195, that is, 47% of spp and sspp) but the Nearctic is also well represented (n = 125 i.e., 30% of spp and sspp). The species and subspecies of Holarctic origin totalled 68 (i.e., 17% of spp and sspp) (Fig. 5). The Passeriformes (songbirds), Charadriiformes (waders, skuas, gulls, terns and auks) and Anseriformes (swans, geese and ducks) are by far the most represented orders with 129, 111 and 42 taxa, respectively.

Figure 5.  

Biogeographical origin of the species present in Azores archipelago; “Other” – marine regions (Indo-Pacific; Southern Atlantic; Sub-Antarctic; Antarctic; Tropical Atlantic) (Suppl. material 2).

Discussion

The most striking feature of this checklist is that it shows not only an impressive increase in the number of new species records for the Azores (36, that is, plus 8,7% in less than five years), but also an enlargement of the distribution of several species among the different Azorean islands. A simple explanation for this could be the increase in the number of observers performing birdwatching out of the “high season” (autumn and spring) for vagrant birds, and possibly also the creation of the “Aves dos Açores” website, whose aim is to provide information about all common species and also about rarities, even though is mostly aimed at a non-birdwatcher public.

The situation of the Azores in the middle of the North Atlantic makes these islands a safe place for the birds taken away from their normal migratory routes by strong winds or by changes in wind direction (vagrants) (Liechti 2006). Vagrant birds have been observed using trans-oceanic ships to rest until they detect a landmass at close range and usually fly towards it (Lees and Gilroy 2009). The higher number of Nearctic species reported on Corvo Island could be related to the relative proximity of this island to the American continent, allowing birds to wander into it. Another explanation for this may be the combination of a very small area (17 km2) and the high observation pressure during the autumn, when several tens of birdwatchers visit the island. On the opposite side of the archipelago, Santa Maria Island, the closest island to the European continent, holds a higher proportion of Palearctic species. The comparatively low number of non-breeding species observed on Graciosa and São Jorge islands may be explained, at least partly, by a lower observation pressure than on the other islands.

The native birds from the Azores provide good examples of insular speciation, since two endemic species and 11 endemic subspecies are known. Moreover, many more endemic terrestrial species have gone extinct (Rando et al. 2013, Alcover et al. 2015), possibly as a consequence of direct predation by man, the introduction of non-native predatory species (e.g., cats, rats, ferrets and weasels), and habitat degradation or loss. The current endemic species and subspecies are the survivors of almost 600 years of human occupation and major land-use changes. The recent population recovery of the Azores Bullfinch (Fig. 2) in the north-eastern part of São Miguel is considered as a good example of the best practices of LIFE conservation programs (Ceia et al. 2010). Another example of successful conservation measures comes from the rabbit eradication and habitat restoration on Praia islet (Graciosa Island), which resulted in a significant increase in the breeding numbers of Monteiro's Storm-petrels, Madeiran Storm-petrels and terns (Bolton et al. 2004, Bried et al. 2009, Bried and Neves in press).

Species lists such as this one are important to draw attention to particular taxonomic groups, to serve as a baseline in long-term systematic monitoring, to elucidate patterns of species diversity and distribution, to elucidate information gaps about distribution, and can serve as a tool in educational projects. The currently ongoing initiatives concerning citizen ornithological science in the Azores will be of high value for the knowledge of the biology and phenology of migratory birds and will hopefully increase the pressure towards the definition and preservation of more Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in the archipelago.

Acknowledgements

We wish to acknowledge the work of countless volunteer scientists and amateur birdwatchers who are contributing to the knowledge of bird distribution in the Azores.

We also thank two anonymous referees for their constructive comments.

Author contributions

Luís Barcelos, Pedro Rodrigues, Joël Bried led the writing, performed research and contributed equally to this paper; PAVB and RG designed research and helped in writing. LB and EM collected the data; LB, EM and PB analyzed data.

References

Supplementary materials

Suppl. material 1: Global species richness on the nine Azorean islands 
Authors:  Barcelos et al.
Data type:  Species distribution
Brief description: 

Global species richness on the nine Azorean islands (COR= Corvo; FLO = Flores; FAI = Faial; PIC = Pico; GRA =Graciosa; SJG = São Jorge; TER = Terceira; SMG = São Miguel; SMR = Santa Maria).

Filename: Figure 4.xlsxDownload file (10.21 kb)
Suppl. material 2: Biogeographical origin of the species present in Azores archipelago 
Authors:  Barcelos et al.
Data type:  occurences
Brief description: 

Biogeographical origin of the species present in Azores archipelago.

“Other” refers to marine regions only represented once (Indo-Pacific; Southern Atlantic; Sub-Antarctic; Antarctic; Tropical Atlantic).

Filename: Figure 5.xlsxDownload file (9.01 kb)
Suppl. material 3: List of Rare Species 
Authors:  Barcelos et al.
Data type:  occurences
Brief description: 

Species with five or less records and individuals counts, in the Azores, with some notes.

Filename: Rare_Birds_List.xlsxDownload file (14.78 kb)