Introduction

Materials and methods

Taxon treatments

Mendogia diffusa Thiyagaraja, Ertz, Lücking, Samarak. and K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.

• IndexFungorum IF 558292
• Facesoffungi number FoF 09466

Material   Download as CSV 

Holotype:

1. kingdom:
   Fungi
   ; phylum:
   Ascomycota
   ; class:
   Dothideomycetes
   ; order:
   Myriangiales
   ; family:
   Myriangiaceae
   ; genus:
   Mendogia
   ; specificEpithet:
   diffusa
   ; scientificNameAuthorship:
   Thiyagaraja, Ertz, Lücking, Samarak. and K.D. Hyde
   ; continent:
   Asia
   ; country:
   Thailand
   ; stateProvince:
   Phayao
   ; locality:
   Phu Sang
   ; recordedBy:
   Milan C. Samarakoon
   ; identificationID:
   MFLU 20-0541
   ; identifiedBy:
   Vinodhini Thiyagaraja
   ; dateIdentified:
   4 Dec 2018
   ; modified:
   4 December 2018
   ; institutionID:
   MFLU
   ; institutionCode:
   Mae Fah Luang University
   ; occurrenceID:
   MFLU 20-0541

Description

Saprotrophic on dead leaves. Thallus absent (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered in dense, pseudostromatic, irregularly stellate groups over an effuse, thallus-like, dark structure, with thin covering layer, superficial, solitary or gregarious, easily removed from the host surface, carbonaceous, ovoid to sub-globose, black, abundant, with numerous external dark brown setae on the epithecium, which are branched at the end, individual loci (120-)225–410 µm wide, 250–180 µm high. Epithecium 16–33 µm thick, distinct, dark brown. Hymenium 40–95 µm high, hyaline. Hypothecium 35–75 µm thick, distinct, thicker in the centre, brownish, infrequently with free-living unicellular algae below the hypothecium. Excipulum inconspicuous. Paraphysoids 1.1–3.3 µm thick, abundant, anastomosing, branched, not or slightly enlarged at the apex. Asci 45–70 × 25–35 μm (x̄ = 57.5 × 30 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, ovoid to clavate, tholus thickened, tip blunted, with poorly developed stipe, ascus wall apically thickened with well-developed ocular chamber, concave. Ascospores 15–25 × 6–10 μm (x̄ = 20 × 8 μm, n = 20), irregularly arranged, hyaline, oblong to elliptical, both ends bluntly tapered, muriform, with 5–6 transverse septa, 3–6 longitudinal septa, slightly constricted at each septum, smooth-walled, without gelatinous sheath, occasionally asymmetrical. Hymenium I–, KI–, Asci I–, KI–. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Figure 1.  

Mendogia diffusa (MFLU 20-0541) a, b, d–l. Ascomata on upper leaf surface; c. Ascomata on lower leaf surface; arrows point the algae. Scale bars: b = 1000 μm, g–j = 500 μm

Figure 2.  

Mendogia diffusa (MFLU 20-0541, holotype) a–e. Vertical sections of ascomata in water (upper surface); f. Vertical section of an ascoma in water (lower surface); fh, hair-like structure on leaf; g. Ascomata in trypan blue; h, i. (a1, a2) Algae; j. Paraphysoids in water; k–m. Asci in water; n. Asci in 5% KOH stained with Lugol's solution; o1–o8. Ascospores in water. Scale bars: (a–g) = 200 μm, (h–j) = 5 μm, (k–n) = 30 μm, (g–j) = 30 μm, (o1–o8) = 10 μm

Etymology

Referring to the morphology of the fungus with ascostromata that are diffuse and spread extensively on the leaves.

Habitats and Distribution: 

On dead leaves of Fagales sp. Thus far, only known from Thailand, Phayao Province, Phu Sang District.

Notes

Mendogia diffusa is the first reported species in the genus from dead dicotyledonous leaves. Other species were mostly reported from bamboo culms, with the exception of M. manaosensis that is reported from palm leaves (Vitória 2012, Dai et al. 2017) and M. philippinensis (= M. calami) that is found on living leaves of Calamus palms (Jiang et al. 2020). In those species, ascostromata do not penetrate the leaf surface and they also differ from M. diffusa in the sharply delimited ascostromata; and M. philippinensis further differs in the smaller ascospores. The new taxon shares morphological characteristics with Mendogia bambusina: carbonaceous peridium, paraphysoid-like filaments, similar asci and ascopores. However, M. diffusa differs in the absence of ascostromata, presence of setae (Dai et al. 2017), the type of habitat (Fagales leaves vs. bamboo or palms culms) and its distribution (Thailand vs. Indonesia) (Hyde et al. 2013, Dai et al. 2017).

Identification keys

Analysis

Discussion

Mendogia has previously been recorded from monocotyledons, but, in the present case, was collected on a dicotyledon, indicating many more species are likely to be discovered. Other species currently recognised in Mendogia (see key above) differ from the new species in the sharply delimited ascostroma (Dai et al. 2017, Jiang et al. 2020), which renders the diffusely delimited ascomata (Fig. 1) as the most diagnostic feature of M. diffusa. In terms of ascospore size, M. bambusina, M. macrostroma and M. yunnanensis are closely related to M. diffusa. Apart from the sharply delimited ascostromata and the usually bambusicolous habit of all three species, M. bambusina has narrower asci and M. macrostroma differs in the much larger ascostromata (Raciborski 1900, Dai et al. 2017, Jiang et al. 2020). The internal anatomy of the ascomata of M. diffusa is also distinctive, with easily discernible paraphysoids (Fig. 2). Mendogia manaosensis and M. philippinensis (= M. calami) also form paraphysoid-like interascal hyphae, whereas in M. bambusina, these are less distinctive and, in M. chiangraiensis, M. macrostroma and M. yunnanensis, the interascal hyphae form a textura angularis (Raciborski 1900, Hennings 1904, Sydow and Sydow 1917, von Arx and Müller 1975, Dai et al. 2017, Jiang et al. 2020). This variation in morphology and internal anatomy of such closely-related species is remarkable, especially given that, in our phylogenetic analysis, M. diffusa and M. chiangraiensis formed a sister clade to M. macrostroma and M. yunnanensis (Fig. 3), although without support. The new taxon shows more than 2% nucleotide differences in the ITS region compared to other Mendogia species. This, along with the discussed morphological differences, supports recognition as a new species (Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Unfortunately, DNA sequences are lacking for three of the seven recognised species in the genus: M. bambusina, M. manaosensis and M. philippinensis (= M. calami). Mendogia diffusa should not be confused with the superficially similar Diplotheca tunae in the same family (Dissanayake et al. 2014). The latter also forms ascomata scattered in dense groups instead of sharply delimited ascostromata, but differs in the broad, globose asci and the much thicker covering layer of the ascomata.

Figure 3.  

Phylogeny of Myrangiales reconstructed from a multilocus dataset with SSU, LSU, ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2. The topology is the result of ML inference performed with IQ-TREE. ML bootstrap support values ≥ 65% and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 are presented above each branch. Ex-type strains are shown in black bold; the new species is highlighted in blue bold font.

Mendogia diffusa was found on dead leaves and the fungal structures penetrate the upper epidermis of the leaf surface, turning the epidermal cells into a dark pigmented layer (Fig. 2). Such dark pigmented cells are absent where the ascomata are not observed. Some ascostromata observed were found to loosely associate with algal colonies (Fig. 1). The algae are probably trentepohlioid, 3–5 µm thick, rounded to slightly elongate and greenish. However, since these are absent from most of the ascostromata and no closer anatomical associations or penetration structures were detected, we assume that this association is opportunistic, the algae is taking advantage of the microrelief formed by the ascostromata to colonise the otherwise smooth leaf surface. While the ascostromata were detected on dead leaves, it is unclear whether the fungus is also present on living leaves and how common is the observed opportunistic association with algae. It is possible that M. diffusa indirectly benefits from the presence of the algae as an additional carbon source, through leaching or by decomposing dead algal cells. Similar cases of loose associations have been reported from saxicolous biocoenoses where rock-inhabiting fungi are often growing together with algae or cyanobacteria (Muggia et al. 2013). Muggia et al. (2016) found alpine rock lichens to be associated with members of Myriangiales.

Acknowledgements

References

Barr ME (1979)
A classification of ascomycetes
.
Mycologia
71
(
5
):
935
‑
957
. https://doi.org/10.2307/3759283
Boedijn KB (1961)
Myriangiales from Indonesia
.
Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
2
(
1
):
63
‑
75
.
Dai DQ, Phookamsak R, Wijayawardene NN, Li WJ, Bhat DJ, Xu JC, Taylor JE, Hyde KD, Chukeatirote E (2017)
Bambusicolous fungi
.
Fungal Diversity
82
(
1
):
1
‑
105
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0367-8
Dissanayake AJ, Jayawardena RS, Boonmee S, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Mapook A, Senanayake IC, Yan J, Li YM, Li X, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD (2014)
The status of Myriangiaceae (Dothideomycetes)
.
Phytotaxa
176
(
1
):
219
‑
239
. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.22
Doidge EM (1921)
South African ascomycetes in the National Herbarium I
.
Bothalia
1
:
5
‑
32
.
Glez-Peña D, Gómez-Blanco D, Reboiro-Jato M, Fdez-Riverola F, Posada D (2010)
ALTER: program-oriented conversion of DNA and protein alignments.
Nucleic Acids Research
38
(
Web Server issue
):
14
‑
18
. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq321
Hall T (2001)
BioEdit version
.
5.0.6
.
North Carolina State University
.
Hennings P (1904)
Fungi Amazonici a cl Ernesto Ule collecti II
.
Hedwigia
43
:
242
‑
273
.
Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN, McKenzie EH, Sarma VV, Boonmee S, Lücking R, Bhat DJ, Liu NG, Tennakoon DS, Pem D, Karunarathna A, Jiang SH, Jones EB, Phillips AJ, Manawasinghe IS, Tibpromma S, Jayasiri SC, Sandamali DS, Jayawardena RS, Wijayawardene NN, Ekanayaka AH, Jeewon R, Lu YZ, Dissanayake AJ, Zeng XY, Luo ZL, Tian Q, Phukhamsakda C, Thambugala KM, Dai DQ, Chethana KW, Samarakoon MC, Ertz D, Bao DF, Doilom M, Liu JK, Pérez-Ortega S, Suija A, Senwanna C, Wijesinghe SN, Konta S, Niranjan M, Zhang SN, Ariyawansa HA, Jiang HB, Zhang JF, Norphanphoun C, de Silva NI, Thiyagaraja V, Zhang H, Bezerra JD, Miranda-González R, Aptroot A, Kashiwadani H, Harishchandra D, Sérusiaux E, Aluthmuhandiram JV, Abeywickrama PD, Devadatha B, Wu HX, Moon KH, Gueidan C, Schumm F, Bundhun D, Mapook A, Monkai J, Chomnunti P, Suetrong S, Chaiwan N, Dayarathne MC, Yang J, Rathnayaka AR, Bhunjun CS, Xu JC, Zheng JS, Liu G, Feng Y, Xie N (2020)
Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae
.
Mycosphere
11
(
1
):
1553
‑
2107
. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/13
Hopple JJ (1994)
Phylogenetic investigations in the genus Coprinus based on morphological and molecular characters
.
Duke University
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F (2001)
MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees
.
Bioinformatics
17
(
8
):
754
‑
755
. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
Hyde KD, Jones EB, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H, Boehm E, Boonmee S, Braun U, Chomnunti P, Crous PW, Dai DQ, Diederich P, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Doveri F, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena R, Lawrey JD, Li YM, Liu YX, Lücking R, Monkai J, Muggia L, Nelsen MP, Pang KL, Phookamsak R, Senanayake I, Shearer CA, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Wijayawardene NN, Wikee S, Wu HX, Zhang Y, Aguirre-Hudson B, Alias SA, Aptroot A, Bahkali AH, Bezerra JL, Bhat DJ, Camporesi E, Chukeatirote E, Gueidan C, Hawksworth DL, Hirayama K, Hoog SD, Kang JC, Knudsen K, Li WJ, Li XH, Liu ZY, Mapook A, McKenzie EH, Miller AN, Mortimer PE, Phillips AJ, Raja HA, Scheuer C, Schumm F, Taylor JE, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wang Y, Xu JC, Yan JY, Yacharoen S, Zhang M (2013)
Families of Dothideomycetes
.
Fungal Diversity
63
:
1
‑
313
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-4
Jayawardena RS, Ariyawansa HA, Singtripop C, Mei Y, Yan J, Li X, Nilthong S, Hyde KD (2014)
A re-assessment of Elsinoaceae (Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes)
.
Phytotaxa
176
(
1
). https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.13
Jeewon R, Hyde KD (2016)
Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities
.
Mycosphere
7
(
11
):
1669
‑
1677
. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/11/4
Jiang H, Phookamsak R, Xu J, Karunarathna S, Mortimer P, Hyde K (2020)
Taxonomic and phylogenetic characterizations reveal three new species of Mendogia (Myriangiaceae, Myriangiales)
.
Mycological Progress
19
(
1
):
41
‑
51
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01540-z
Katoh K, Rozewicki J, Yamada KD (2017)
MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization
.
Briefings in Bioinformatics
20
(
4
):
1160
‑
1166
. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008)
Dictionary of the fungi
.
10
.
CAB International
,
Wallingford, UK
,
771
pp.
Konta S, Hongsanan S, Tibpromma S, Thongbai B, Maharachchikumbura SS, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD, Boonmee S (2016)
An advance in the endophyte story: Oxydothidaceae fam. nov. with six new species of Oxydothis
.
Mycosphere
7
(
9
):
1425
‑
1446
. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/15
Konta S, Hongsanan S, Eungwanichayapant PD, Liu JK, Jeewon R, Hyde KD, Maharachchikumbura SS, Boonmee S (2017)
Leptosporella (Leptosporellaceae fam. nov.) and Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon (Linocarpaceae fam. nov.) are accommodated in Chaetosphaeriales
.
Mycosphere
8
(
10
):
1943
‑
1974
. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/10/16
Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM (2010)
Outline of Ascomycota
.
Life and Earth Sciences
1
:
42
‑
64
. https://doi.org/10.3158/1557.1
Muggia L, Gueidan C, Knudsen K, Perlmutter G, Grube M (2013)
The Lichen Connections of Black Fungi
.
Mycopathologia
175
:
523
‑
535
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-012-9598-8
Muggia L, Fleischhacker A, Kopun T, Grube M (2016)
Extremotolerant fungi from alpine rock lichens and their phylogenetic relationships
.
Fungal Diversity
76
(
1
):
119
‑
142
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0343-8
Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, Von Haeseler A, Minh BQ (2015)
IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies
.
Molecular Biology and Evolution
32
(
1
):
268
‑
274
. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
Nylander J (2008)
MrModeltest2 v. 2.3 (Program for selecting DNA substitution models using PAUP*)
.
Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala
.
Phookamsak R, Boonmee S, Norphanphoun C, Wanasinghe DN, de Silva NI, Dayarathne MC, Hongsanan S, Bhat DJ, Hyde KD (2016)
Schizothyriaceae
.
Mycosphere
7
(
2
):
154
‑
189
. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/2/7
Raciborski M (1900)
Parasitische Algen und Pilze Java’s
.
3
.
Staatsdruckerei
,
1–49
pp.
Ruibal C, Gueidan C, Selbmann L, Gorbushina AA, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Muggia L, Grube M, Isola D, Schoch CL, Staley JT, Lutzoni F, de Hoog GS (2009)
Phylogeny of rock-inhabiting fungi related to Dothideomycetes
.
Studies in Mycology
64
:
123
‑
133
. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.06
Starbäck K (1899)
Ascomyceten der ersten Regnellschen Expedition I
.
Bihang till Kungliga svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Afd
3
(
25
):
1
‑
68
.
Sydow H, Sydow P (1917)
Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Pilzflora der Philippinen-Inseln
.
Annales Mycologici
15
(
3–4
):
165
‑
268
.
Vitória N (2012)
Diversidade de Ascomycota em palmeiras nativas e exóticas em áreas de Mata Atlântica nos Estados da Bahia e de Pernambuco
.
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
,
Recife, Brazil
.
von Arx JA, Müller E (1975)
A re-evaluation of the bitunicate Ascomycetes with keys to families and genera
.
Studies in Mycology
9
:
1
‑
159
.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990)
Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics
.
PCR Protocols
315
‑
322
. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Wijayawardene NN, Crous PW, Kirk PM, Hawksworth DL, Boonmee S, Braun U, Dai D, D'souza MJ, Diederich P, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Hongsanan S, Jones EB, Groenewald JZ, Jayawardena R, Lawrey JD, Liu J, Lücking R, Madrid H, Manamgoda DS, Muggia L, Nelsen MP, Phookamsak R, Suetrong S, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Wanasinghe DN, Wikee S, Zhang Y, Aptroot A, Ariyawansa HA, Bahkali AH, Bhat DJ, Gueidan C, Chomnunti P, De Hoog GS, Knudsen K, Li W, McKenzie EH, Miller AN, Phillips AJ, Piątek M, Raja HA, Shivas RS, Slippers B, Taylor JE, Tian Q, Wang Y, Woudenberg JH, Cai L, Jaklitsch WM, Hyde KD (2014)
Naming and outline of Dothideomycetes–2014 including proposals for the protection or suppression of generic names
.
Fungal Diversity
69
(
1
):
1
‑
55
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0309-2
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Rajeshkumar KC, Hawksworth DL, Madrid H, Kirk PM, Braun U, Singh RV, Crous PW, Kukwa M, Lücking R, Kurtzman CP, Yurkov A, Haelewaters D, Aptroot A, Lumbsch HT, Timdal E, Ertz D, Etayo J, Phillips AJ, Groenewald JZ, Papizadeh M, Selbmann L, Dayarathne MC, Weerakoon G, Jones EB, Suetrong S, Tian Q, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Bahkali AH, Pang K, Tanaka K, Dai DQ, Sakayaroj J, Hujslová M, Lombard L, Shenoy BD, Suija A, Maharachchikumbura SS, Thambugala KM, Wanasinghe DN, Sharma BO, Gaikwad S, Pandit G, Zucconi L, Onofri S, Egidi E, Raja HA, Kodsueb R, Cáceres ME, Pérez-Ortega S, Fiuza PO, Monteiro JS, Vasilyeva LN, Shivas RG, Prieto M, Wedin M, Olariaga I, Lateef AA, Agrawal Y, Fazeli SA, Amoozegar MA, Zhao GZ, Pfliegler WP, Sharma G, Oset M, Abdel-Wahab MA, Takamatsu S, Bensch K, de Silva NI, De Kese A, Karunarathna A, Boonmee S, Pfister DH, Lu Y, Luo Z, Boonyuen N, Daranagama DA, Senanayake IC, Jayasiri SC, Samarakoon MC, Zeng X, Doilom M, Quijada L, Rampadarath S, Heredia G, Dissanayake AJ, Jayawardana RS, Perera RH, Tang LZ, Phukhamsakda C, Hernández-Restrepo M, Ma X, Tibpromma S, Gusmao LF, Weerahewa D, Karunarathna SC (2017)
Notes for genera-Ascomycota
.
Fungal Diversity
86
:
1
‑
594
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Lumbsch H, Liu JK, Maharachchikumbura SS, Ekanayaka AH, Tian Q, Phookamsak R (2018)
Outline of Ascomycota: 2017
.
Fungal Diversity
88
:
167
‑
263
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LK, Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, Zhao RL, Aptroot A, Leontyev DV, Saxena RK, Tokarev YS, Dai DQ, Letcher PM, Stephenson SL, Ertz D, Lumbsch HT, Kukwa M, Issi IV, Madrid H, Phillips AJ, Selbmann L, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Bensch K, Kirk PM, Kolaříková K, Raja HA, Radek R, Papp V, Dima B, Ma J, Malosso E, Takamatsu S, Rambold G, Gannibal PB, Triebel D, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Suetrong S, Timdal E, Fryar SC, Delgado G, Réblová M, Doilom M, Dolatabadi S, Pawłowska JZ, Humber RA, Kodsueb R, Sánchez-Castro I, Goto BT, Silva DK, de Souza FA, da Silva GA, Silva IR, Błaszkowski J, Jobim K, Maia LC, Barbosa FR, Fiuza PO, Divakar PK, Shenoy BD, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Somrithipol S, Lateef AA, Karunarathna SC, Tibpromma S, Mortimer PE, Wanasinghe DN, Phookamsak R, Xu J, Wang Y, Tian F, Alvarado P, Li DW, Kušan I, Matočec N, Mešić A, Tkalčec Z, Maharachchikumbura SS, Papizadeh M, Heredia G, Wartchow F, Bakhshi M, Boehm E, Youssef N, Hustad VP, Lawrey JD, Santiago AL, Bezerra JD, Souza-Motta CM, Firmino AL, Tian Q, Houbraken J, Hongsanan S, Tanaka K, Dissanayake AJ, Monteiro JS, Grossart HP, Suija A, Weerakoon G, Etayo J, Tsurykau A, Vázquez V, Mungai P, Damm U, Li QR, Zhang H, Boonmee S, Lu YZ, Becerra AG, Kendrick B, Brearley FQ, Motiejūnaitė J, Sharma B, Khare R, Gaikwad S, Wijesundara DS, Tang LZ, He MQ, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Zhurbenko MP, McKenzie EH, Stadler M, Bhat DJ, Liu JK, Raza M, Jeewon R, Nassonova ES, Prieto M, Jayalal RG, Erdoğdu M, Yurkov A, Schnittler M, Shchepin ON, Novozhilov Y, Silva-Filho AG, Gentekaki E, Liu P, Cavender J, Kang Y, Mohammad S, Zhang LF, Xu RF, Li YM, Dayarathne MC, Ekanayaka AH, Wen TC, Deng CY, Pereira OL, Navathe S, Hawksworth DL, Fan XL, Dissanayake LS, Kuhnert E, Grossart HP, Thines M (2020)
Outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa
.
Mycosphere
11
(
1
):
1060
‑
1456
. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8

Supplementary material