Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Suzane E. dos Santos (sevaristodossantos@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Nikolay Simov
Received: 11 May 2021 | Accepted: 25 Jun 2021 | Published: 01 Sep 2021
© 2021 Suzane dos Santos, Juliana Rodrigues, Sheyla Couceiro, Felipe Moreira
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
dos Santos SE, Rodrigues JMS, Couceiro SRM, Moreira FFF (2021) Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Metropolitan Region of Santarém, Brazil, including three new species of Microvelia Westwood, 1834 (Veliidae: Microveliinae). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68567. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68567
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Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) comprises more than 2100 species of semiaquatic bugs, most of which have the ability to walk on the surface of the water. So far, 238 species have been recorded from Brazil, but several portions of the country remain poorly explored. The Metropolitan Region of Santarém (MRS), Pará State, Brazil, lacks faunistic and taxonomic studies concerning this group and the local fauna is under threat due to human actions.
Aiming to fill gaps concerning the diversity and distribution of Gerromorpha in the Amazon, a survey of the semi-aquatic bugs from the MRS is presented. Collections were made in 33 aquatic ecosystems in the different phytophysiognomies within this area from July 2019 to October 2020. As a result, a checklist with 44 species recorded from the three municipalities of the MRS is presented. Furthermore, three new species of the genus Microvelia Westwood, 1834 (M. belterrensis sp. nov., M. hamadae sp. nov. and M. sousorum sp. nov.) are described, two species are recorded for the first time from Brazil (Microvelia aschnakiranae Makhan, 2014 and Rhagovelia graziae Galindo-Malagón, Morales & Moreira, 2021), two from Pará State (Microvelia longipes Uhler, 1894 and Paravelia dilatata Polhemus & Polhemus, 1984) and 15 from the MRS (Brachymetra lata Shaw, 1933, B. shawi Hungerford & Matsuda, 1957, Tachygerris adamsoni (Drake, 1942), Microvelia pulchella Westwood, 1834, Rhagovelia brunae Magalhães & Moreira, 2016, R. evidis Bacon, 1948, R. jubata Bacon, 1948, Callivelia conata (Hungerford, 1929), Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake & Maldonado-Capriles, 1952, Paravelia bullialata Polhemus & Polhemus, 1984, Stridulivelia alia (Drake, 1957), S. stridulata (Hungerford, 1929), S. strigosa (Hungerford, 1929), S. tersa (Drake & Harris, 1941) and S. transversa (Hungerford, 1929)).
Amazon, aquatic ecosystems, aquatic insects, distribution, diversity, semi-aquatic bugs, systematics, taxonomy
Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is an infra-order of predatory, semi-aquatic bugs, most of which live on the surface of the water or amongst floating plants (
More than 2100 species have been described in Gerromorpha, distributed in eight families: Gerridae, Hebridae, Hermatobatidae, Hydrometridae, Macroveliidae, Mesoveliidae, Paraphrynoveliidae and Veliidae. In the Neotropical Region, the infra-order is represented by more than 45 genera and 500 species (
Despite the number of recorded species, semi-aquatic bugs are still poorly known in several portions of the country, whereas the south-eastern region and the central Amazon are better explored (
We collected in the MRS, western Pará State, Brazil (Fig.
Collecting localities of Gerromorpha in aquatic environments of the MRS, Pará, Brazil, from July 2019 to October 2020.
Municipality |
Water body |
Geographic coordinates |
Abiotic variables |
|||||
pH |
Conductivity (µS/s) |
Salinity (ppm) |
OD (ml/l) |
Turbidity (mtv) |
Temperature (°C) |
|||
Belterra |
Igarapé Aramanaí |
|
4.61 |
18.5 |
0.01 |
2.4 |
0.58 |
26.4 |
Belterra |
Igarapé Coronel Batista |
|
4.83 |
12.2 |
0,00 |
3.9 |
1.29 |
26.6 |
Belterra |
Igarapé do Ailton |
|
4.81 |
22.1 |
0.01 |
1.3 |
0.32 |
28.7 |
Belterra |
Igarapé Jatuarana |
|
6.53 |
13.0 |
0.00 |
8.9 |
3.68 |
26.2 |
Belterra |
BR-163, Km-115, igarapé |
|
4.25 |
18.9 |
- |
- |
- |
26.3 |
Belterra |
Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, igarapé |
|
4.20 |
13.3 |
- |
- |
- |
26.7 |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Igarapé Água Fria, nascente |
|
6.50 |
29.1 |
0.00 |
2.0 |
1.61 |
26.4 |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Igarapé Antonio Leite |
|
4.40 |
11.4 |
- |
- |
- |
26.0 |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Igarapé do Manel |
|
6.88 |
10.6 |
0.00 |
3.9 |
14.05 |
27.9 |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Igarapé Mojuí dos Caboclos |
|
5.78 |
13.2 |
0.00 |
10.2 |
3.05 |
27.5 |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Igarapé Santa Júlia |
|
5.37 |
13.4 |
0.00 |
4.2 |
3.17 |
27.2 |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Igarapé Terra de Areia |
|
6.58 |
13.5 |
0.01 |
5.3 |
2.28 |
29.3 |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Igarapé Terra Preta |
|
5.25 |
18.8 |
0.00 |
2.9 |
2.54 |
30.8 |
Santarém |
Cachoeira da Cavada |
|
4.77 |
13.8 |
0.00 |
3.3 |
- |
27.2 |
Santarém |
Cachoeira da Rocha Negra |
|
4.38 |
11.4 |
0.00 |
8.9 |
2.12 |
26.6 |
Santarém |
Caixa d’água |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Igarapé Cajutuba II |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Igarapé da Débora, nascente |
|
4.5 |
17.6 |
- |
- |
- |
26.0 |
Santarém |
Igarapé das bananeiras |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Igarapé Diamantino |
|
4.56 |
12.6 |
0.00 |
- |
1.42 |
27.1 |
Santarém |
Igarapé do Rai |
|
4.67 |
12.3 |
0.00 |
3.7 |
1.23 |
26.7 |
Santarém |
Igarapé Guaraná |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Igarapé Jatobá |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Igarapé Mararú |
|
4.92 |
10.4 |
0.00 |
2.1 |
5.86 |
28.3 |
Santarém |
Igarapé Mutunuy |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Ponte do Juá |
|
6.17 |
11.0 |
0.00 |
5.5 |
- |
26.0 |
Santarém |
Igarapé São Braz |
|
5.36 |
20.7 |
0.01 |
- |
1.55 |
26.2 |
Santarém |
Igarapé Sonrizal |
|
5.8 |
15.1 |
0.00 |
- |
2.12 |
25.6 |
Santarém |
Igarapé Urumari |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Igarapé Vila Nova |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Lago Mapiri |
|
6.4 |
23.2 |
- |
4.4 |
10.05 |
30.8 |
Santarém |
Puddle |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Santarém |
Lago do Juá |
|
6.0 |
9.2 |
- |
4.9 |
14.13 |
28.6 |
To identify the specimens, we used information available in
We made descriptions and photographs, based on dry specimens. All measurements are given in millimetres and abbreviated as follows: body length (BL), head length (HL), head width (HW), minimum head width between the eyes (INT), length of antennomeres I–IV (ANT I, ANT II, ANT III, ANT IV), width of eye (EYE), pronotum length on mid-line (PL), pronotum width (PW), length of femur (FEM), length of tibia (TIB) and length of tarsomeres I–II (TAR I, TAR II).
Brachymetra lata – see
Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Brachymetra kleopatra – see
Brachymetra shawi – see
Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
Cylindrostethus linearis – see
Cylindrostethus drakei – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), Peru (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Cylindrostethus linearis – see
Cylindrostethus palmaris – see
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Limnogonus aduncus – see
Limnogonus aduncus aduncus – see
Limnogonus recurvus – see
Tenagogonus spinulosus – see
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Fig.
Gerrinae spp., habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars: (A–E) 2 mm, (F) 1 mm.
Limnogonus recurvus – see
Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Rondônia, São Paulo, Sergipe) (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Fig.
Limnogonus genticus – see
Neogerris genticus – see
Brazil (Mato Grosso, Pará) (
Described from Santarém (
Fig.
Limnogonus lotus – see
Neogerris lotus – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso, Pará), Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Limnogonus lubricus – see
Neogerris lubricus – see
Neogerris celeris – see
Neogerris lotus – see
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, São Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Fig.
Limnogonus visendus – see
Neogerris visendus – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), Colombia, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Belterra (
Fig.
Tenagogonus adamsoni – see
Tenagogonus duolineatus – see
Tachygonus adamsoni – see
Tachygerris adamsoni – see
Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe), Colombia, French Guiana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
First record from the study area.
Fig.
Rheumatobates crassifemur var. esakii – see
Rheumatobates esakii – see
Rheumatobates crassifemur esakii – see
Rheumatobates bonariensis – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Rheumatobates klagei – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Peru (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Hydrometra argentina – see
Hydrometra mensor – see
Limnobates chilensis – see
Hydrometra kirkaldyana – see
Hydrometra husseyi – see
Hydrometra argenitna – see
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Mesovelia mulsanti – see
Mesovelia bisignata – see
Mesovelia mulsanti mulsanti – see
Mesovelia mulsanti bisignata – see
Mesovelia mulsanti meridionalis – see
Mesovelia mulsanti caraiba – see
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Bonaire, Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Hawaiian Islands, Honduras, Jamaica, Klein Curaçao, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, U.S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Mesovelia zeteki – see
Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará), Colombia, Panama (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Microvelia aschnakiranae – see
Brazil (Pará), Suriname (
First record from Brazil.
Holotype/Paratype. BL 1.15/1.2, HL 0.22/0.21, HW 0.39/0.38, ANT I 0.14/0.14, ANT II 0.10/0.09, ANT III 0.13/0.13, ANT IV 0.20/0.22, INT 0.18/0.7, EYE 0.09/0.09, PL 0.13/0.14, PW 0.48/0.51; FORE LEG: FEM 0.28/0.31, TIB 0.24/0.24, TAR I 0.15/0.15; MID-LEG: FEM 0.36/0.36, TIB 0.29/0.29, TAR I 0.06/0.05, TAR II 0.11/0.11; HIND LEG: FEM 0.42/0.42, TIB 0.42/0.42, TAR I 0.05/0.5, TAR II 0.11/0.11.
Head dark-brown. Antennomere I yellowish, II–IV dark-brown. Eye reddish-brown. Labium yellowish-brown, except apex of article III and entire IV dark-brown. Pronotum with anterior half and lateral margins orange-brown, apical half dark-brown. Meso- and metanota dark brown. Prosternum yellowish-brown, darker at middle groove. Meso- and metasterna dark-brown. Pro- and metacetabula with anterior half yellowish-brown and posterior half dark brown. Anterior and posterior coxae and trochanters yellowish-brown. Mesoacetabulum and middle coxa dark-brown. Femora and tibiae yellowish-brown, darker dorsally on distal third; tarsi dark-brown. Abdominal mediotergites dark-brown. Abdominal laterotergites orange-brown with lateral margins dark. Abdominal sterna dark-brown. Terminalia yellowish-brown.
Head covered with very short setae, longer on clypeus. Antenna covered with short setae. Antennomere I widest, slightly curved laterally, thickened towards apex; II wider than III–IV, thickened towards apex; III cylindrical, thinner than IV; IV fusiform, at middle subequal to II in thickness. Labium reaching base of mesosternum.
Thoracic terga densely covered with moderately long, light setae; sides of thorax, prosternum and acetabula with denser, longer setae; meso- and metasterna with short setae. Pronotum with lateral margins bowed; posterior margin sinuous, concave centrally, exposing two rounded lobes of the mesonotum laterally (Fig.
Abdominal mediotergites covered with moderately long setae. Mediotergites III–VI depressed; VI–VII with shiny median stripe; VII with posterior margin slightly concave. Abdominal laterotergites elevated to about 90°. Abdominal sterna covered with short setae, posterior margins concave, without tubercles. Abdominal segment VIII slightly exposed, dorsally more than four times wider than long; dorsum with lateral margins convergent and posterior margin slightly concave (Fig.
BL 1.21–1.26, HL 0.22, HW 0.40–0.42, ANT I 0.14, ANT II 0.08–0.10, ANT III 0.12, ANT IV 0.20–0.22, INT 0.18, EYE 0.09–0.10, PL 0.12–0;14, PW 0.54–0.58; FORE LEG: FEM 0.30, TIB 0.24, TAR I 0.14–0.16; MID-LEG: FEM 0.36, TIB 0.28–0.30, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.12; HIND LEG: FEM 0.40–0.42, TIB 0.40, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.12.
Colouration and structure similar to apterous male, but larger and more robust (Fig.
This new species can be distinguished from other South American Microvelia Westwood, 1834 by the pronotum of the apterous form covering the mesonotum centrally, but exposing it laterally; the metanotum exposed centrally, with the posterior margin widely concave; the abdominal segment VIII of the males slightly exposed dorsally, more than four times wider than long, with the lateral margins convergent and the posterior margin slightly concave, ventrally deeply inserted into the pregenital abdomen, strongly sclerotised, with an evident central notch and three tufts of long setae on each side (only one tuft is visible before dissection); and the male proctiger with small, rounded, lateral projections. Additionally, M. belterrensis sp. nov. has the body shorter than 1.30 mm (apterous males 1.15–1.20 mm; apterous females 1.21–1.26 mm).
Microvelia venustatis Drake & Harris, 1933 (Fig.
Holotypes deposited in the Entomology Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH).
Microvelia ubatuba Moreira & Barbosa, 2011, in turn, shares with the new species the male abdominal segment VIII notched ventrally. Although M. ubatuba is known only from macropterous specimens, it can be distinguished from M. belterrensis sp. nov. by the longer and narrower male abdominal segment VIII, dorsally with a distinct concavity at the posterior margin and ventrally with a strong rounded depression and a smaller and weakly sclerotised notch on the posterior margin (
Finally, the male proctiger with lateral projections was previously reported in two other Neotropical species, M. mimula White, 1879 and M. quieta Drake & Carvalho, 1954 (
This species is named after Belterra Municipality, where the type-series was collected.
Holotype/Paratype. BL 1.23/1.24, HL 0.22/0.22, HW 0.38/0.38, ANT I 0.16/0.16, ANT II 0.10/0.10, ANT III 0.12/0.12, ANT IV 0.24/0.24, INT 0.18/0.18, EYE 0.09/0.09, PL 0.20/0.20, PW 0.46/0.48; FORE LEG: FEM 0.32/0.32, TIB 0.24/0.24, TAR I 0.16/0.16; MID-LEG: FEM 0.40/0.38, TIB 0.28/0.28, TAR I 0.06/0.06, TAR II 0.12/0.12; HIND LEG: FEM 0.40/0.42, TIB 0.40/0.42, TAR I 0.06/0.06, TAR II 0.13/–.
Head black. Antenna dark-brown, proximal half of antennomere I yellowish-brown. Eye reddish-brown. Labium yellowish-brown, except for distal article dark-brown. Pronotum dark-brown with a medially interrupted yellowish-brown transverse band on anterior half (Fig.
Head covered with short setae, longer on clypeus. Antenna reaching apex of metanotum; covered with short setae, longer and denser on article IV. Antennomere I widest, slightly curved laterally, thickened towards apex; II wider than III–IV, thickened towards apex; III cylindrical, thinner than IV; IV fusiform. Labium reaching middle of mesosternum.
Thoracic terga densely covered with very short setae; sides of thorax, prosternum and acetabula with longer setae. Pronotum long, covering mesonotum and most of metanotum; metanotum visible only as a very short central stripe (Fig.
Abdomen covered with short setae. Posterior margin of abdominal mediotergite I with a slight concavity at middle; VII with a pronounced concavity (Fig.
BL 1.42–1.44, HL 0.22–0.23, HW 0.40, ANT I 0.16, ANT II 0.10, ANT III 0.12, ANT IV 0.24–0.26, INT 0.18, EYE 0.08–0.10, PL 0.46–0.48, PW 0.66; FORE LEG: FEM 0.32, TIB 0.24, TAR I 0.16; MID-LEG: FEM 0.38, TIB 0.30, TAR I 0.04–0.06, TAR II 0.12; HIND LEG: FEM 0.42–0.44, TIB 0.44–0.46, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.12.
Colouration and structure similar to apterous male (Fig.
Microvelia hamadae sp. nov., paratypes A–C Macropterous male: A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments V–VII and terminalia, ventral view; D–F Apterous females: D. Habitus, dorsal view; E. Habitus, ventral view; F Habitus, dorsal view; abdomen with different shape, probably with eggs. Scale bars: (A, B and D–F) 1 mm, (C) 0.2 mm.
BL 1.36–1.42, HL 0.22–0.24, HW 0.40, ANT I 0.16, ANT II 0.10, ANT III 0.12, ANT IV 0.26, INT 0.18–0.20, EYE 0.09, PL 0.20, PW 0.52–0.54; FORE LEG: FEM 0.34, TIB 0.26, TAR I 0.18; MID-LEG: FEM 0.40, TIB 0.30–0.31, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.12; HIND LEG: FEM 0.44, TIB 0.46, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.14.
Colouration and structure similar to apterous male, but larger and more robust (Fig.
This new species can be distinguished from other South American Microvelia by the pronotum of apterous specimens long, covering the mesonotum and most of the metanotum; the metanotum visible only as a very short central stripe; the posterior margin of the male abdominal mediotergite VII with a pronounced concavity; the male abdominal segment VIII deeply inserted into the pregenital abdomen, with the posterior margin dorsally concave and ventrally with a weak median notch; the shape of the female abdomen, with abdominal laterotergites elevated to about 90º, slightly bowed on the sides of mediotergites II–V, convergent and slightly reflected on the sides of VI–VIII; and by the pattern of whitish maculae on the fore wings of macropterous specimens: a proximal pair of elongated maculae, a distal pair of rounded maculae and a median macula close to apex. Additionally, M. hamadae sp. nov. has the body shorter than 1.50 mm (apterous males 1.23–1.24 mm; macropterous males 1.42–1.44 mm; apterous females 1.36–1.42 mm).
Microvelia hamadae sp. nov. is very different from other Neotropical species of Microvelia with known apterous forms in which the pronotum covers the mesonotum and the metanotum completely or almost completely (e.g. M. argentata Nieser & Alkins-Koo, 1991, M. digitalis Padilla-Gil, 2019, M. hambletoni Drake, 1951, M. hormiga Padilla-Gil, 2019, M. ioana Drake & Hottes, 1952, M. limaiana Drake, 1951, M. micra Padilla-Gil, 2019, M. nelsoni Moreira, Barbosa & Ribeiro, 2012, M. potama Drake, 1958, M. recifana Drake, 1951 and M. reflexa Polhemus, 1974), because the general shape is distinct and they all have the male terminalia well-exposed, differently from the new species. The females of M. ioana, M. micra and M. reflexa share with M. hamadae sp. nov. the abdominal laterotergites reflected over the mediotergites, but the general colour of the body and the shape of the pronotum are quite different from the new species.
The macropterous form of the new species can be distinguished from the small South American species with known macropterous forms (e.g. M. hinei, M. lujanana Drake, 1951, M. munda Drake, 1951, M. pudoris Drake & Harris, 1936, M. summersi Drake & Harris, 1928 and M. venustatis) because of the pattern of maculae on the fore wings, together with the strongly inserted male terminalia and the shape of the male pygophore, proctiger and parameres.
This species is named in honour of Dr. Neusa Hamada (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus), one of the most important Brazilian aquatic entomologists.
Microvelia longipes – see
Microvelia modesta – see
Argentina, Aruba, Barbados, Bolivia, Bonaire, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Martin, U.S. Virgin Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
First records from Pará State.
Fig.
Microvelia spp., habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Microvelia mimula – see
Microvelia capitata – see
Microvelia mendozana – see
Microvelia myersi – see
Microvelia aemulana – see
Microvelia amrishi – see
Argentina, Barbados, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Sergipe), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Galápagos Islands, Grenada, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Fig.
Microvelia pulchella – see
Velia (Microvelia) pulchella – see
Hydroessa pulchella – see
Microvelia pulchella – see
Microvelia capitata – see
Rhagovelia incerta – see
Microvelia robusta – see
Microvelia marginata – see
Microvelia boreale – see
Microvelia borealis – see
Alaska, Anguilla, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bonaire, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Canada, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Klein Bonaire, Klein Curaçao, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Martin, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, U.S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
BL 1.62, HL 0.32, HW 0,44, ANT I 0.21, ANT II 0.13, ANT III 0.28, ANT IV 0.42, INT 0.25, EYE 0.09, PL 0.23, PW 0.46; FORE LEG: FEM 0.46, TIB 0.34, TAR I 0.18; MID-LEG: FEM 0.54, TIB 0.38, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.12; HIND LEG: FEM 0.57, TIB 0.60, TAR I 0.09, TAR II 0.10.
Head dorsally yellowish-brown, lighter on sides and anterior third, dark-brown on insertion of trichobothria; ventrally pale-yellow. Antenna dark-brown, except antennomere I yellowish-brown. Eye reddish. Labium yellowish-brown, except apex of article III and entire IV dark-brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, lighter on transverse band on anterior third and at middle of posterior two-thirds, dark-brown around punctures adjacent to anterior margin and between anterior and posterior lobes (Fig.
Microvelia sousorum sp. nov., apterous male, holotype A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Head and thorax, dorsal view; D. Abdomen, segments III–VII and terminalia, dorsal view; E. Abdomen and hind femora, ventral view. Scale bars: (A and B) 1 mm, (C) 0.5 mm, (D and E) 0.2 mm.
Head with silvery pubescence adjacent to mesal margins of eyes and on posterior third; impressed median line inconspicuous; clypeus with long setae. Antenna long, reaching abdominal segment I; covered with short brown setae, with longer, lighter setae on antennomere IV. Antennomere I widest, slightly curved laterally, thickened towards apex; II wider than III–IV, thickened towards apex; III cylindrical, thinner than IV; IV fusiform, at middle subequal to II in thickness. Labium reaching middle of mesosternum.
Pronotum completely covering mesonotum, but not metanotum (Fig.
Abdominal mediotergites covered with short setae. Mediotergite I shorter than II, with posterior margin slightly concave centrally; II with silvery pubescence medially; IV–VII with median line depressed; posterior margins of II–VI straight or almost straight; VII slightly concave (Fig.
BL 1.73, HL 0.35, HW 0.47, ANT I 0.19, ANT II 0.12, ANT III 0.26, ANT IV 0.40, INT 0.28, EYE 0.09, PL 0.26, PW 0.56; FORE LEG: FEM 0.46, TIB 0.33, TAR I 0.18; MID-LEG: FEM 0.48, TIB 0.37, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.13; HIND LEG: FEM 0.54, TIB 0.56, TAR I 0.10, TAR II 0.14.
Colouration and structure similar to apterous male, but larger and more robust (Fig.
This new species can be grouped with other South American Microvelia in which the pronotum completely or almost completely covers the mesonotum, but not the metanotum and the terminalia is well-exposed, not deeply inserted into the pregenital abdomen: M. chilena Drake & Hussey, 1955, M. costaiana Drake & Hussey, 1951, M. nessimiani Moreira & Rúdio, 2011, M. mimula White, 1879, M. novana Drake & Plaumann, 1955, M. quieta Drake & Carvalho, 1954 and M. sarpta Drake & Harris, 1936.
Microvelia sousorum sp. nov. is most similar to M. novana (Fig.
This species is named in honour of Carlos Sousa and Diego Sousa, colleagues who were both instrumental in our fieldwork. In addition, Carlos is SES’ husband and gave all the necessary support for her to obtain her Master’s degree, which resulted in this paper.
Microvelia summersi – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Grenada, Guyana, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Microvelia venustatis – see
Argentina, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Sergipe), Colombia, Paraguay, Peru (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Rhagovelia amazonensis – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), Guyana (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Rhagovelia amazonensis – see
Rhagovelia brunae – see Magalhães & Moreira in
Brazil (Alagoas, Maranhão, Pará, Sergipe), Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Rhagovelia elegans – see
Rhagovelia insularis – see
Rhagovelia costalimai – see
Rhagovelia trinidalis – see
Rhagovelia gorgona – see
Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Hispaniola Island, Martinique, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Fig.
Rhagovelia evidis – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Peru (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
Rhagovelia graziae – see
Brazil (Pará), Colombia (
First record from Brazil.
Fig.
Rhagovelia jubata – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), Ecuador, Peru (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
Rhagovelia tenuipes – see
Rhagovelia gregalis – see
Rhagovelia regalis – see
Rhagovelia confusa – see
Rhagovelia obscura – see
Rhagovelia vega – see
Rhagovelia mocoa – see
Rhagovelia umbria – see
Belize, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Sergipe), Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Neovelia trailii – see
Rhagovelia traili – see
Rhagovelia trailii – see
Rhagovelia perfidiosa – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Velia conata – see
Paravelia conata – see
Callivelia conata – see
Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
First record from the study area.
Oiovelia chenae – see Rodrigues & Melo in
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará) (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Oiovelia cunucunumana – see
Paravelia correntina – see
Argentina, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pará, São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, Venezuela (
First record from the study area.
Fig.
Paravelia bullialata – see
Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
Paravelia dilatata – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Guyana, Suriname (
First record from Pará State.
Fig.
Velia alia – see
Stridulivelia alia – see
Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
Stridulivelia spp. Scale bars: (A, B, D and E) 1 mm, (C) 0.2 mm, (F) 0.5 mm.
Velia quadrispinosa – see
Stridulivelia quadrispinosa – see
Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro), Guyana, Peru, Venezuela (
Previously recorded from Santarém (
Fig.
Velia stridulata – see
Stridulivelia stridulata – see
Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará), Colombia, Suriname (
First record from the study area.
Fig.
Velia strigosa – see
Stridulivelia strigosa – see
Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
Velia tersa – see
Velia nama – see
Stridulivelia tersa – see
Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Sergipe), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Velia transversa – see
Stridulivelia transversa – see
Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará), French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela (
First records from the study area.
Fig.
Our survey of the semi-aquatic bugs from the MRS revealed the occurrence of 14 genera and 44 species belonging to the families Gerridae, Hydrometridae, Mesoveliidae and Veliidae in the study region (Table
Distribution of semi-aquatic bug species in the three Municipalities of the MRS, Pará, Brazil and references for the records. A single asterisk (*) indicates a new record from Pará State. Two asterisks (**) indicate a new record from Brazil.
Taxa |
Belterra |
Mojuí dos Campos |
Santarém |
References |
GERRIDAE | ||||
Charmatometrinae |
||||
Brachymetra lata |
x |
x |
x |
This work |
Brachymetra shawi |
x |
This work |
||
Cylindrostethinae |
||||
Cylindrostethus drakei |
x |
|
||
Cylindrostethus palmaris |
x |
x |
x |
|
Gerrinae |
||||
Limnogonus aduncus aduncus |
x |
|
||
Limnogonus recurvus |
x |
x |
x |
|
Neogerris genticus |
x |
x |
|
|
Neogerris lotus |
x |
|
||
Neogerris lubricus |
x |
x |
x |
|
Neogerris visendus |
x |
x |
|
|
Tachygerris adamsoni |
x |
This work |
||
Rhagadotarsinae |
||||
Rheumatobates crassifemur esakii |
x |
|
||
Rheumatobates klagei |
x |
|
||
HYDROMETRIDAE | ||||
Hydrometrinae |
||||
Hydrometra argentina |
x |
x |
|
|
MESOVELIIDAE | ||||
Mesoveliinae |
||||
Mesovelia mulsanti |
x |
x |
x |
|
Mesovelia zeteki |
x |
|
||
VELIIDAE | ||||
Microveliinae |
||||
Microvelia aschnakiranae |
x** |
This work |
||
Microvelia belterrensis sp. nov. |
x |
x |
This work |
|
Microvelia hamadae sp. nov. |
x |
This work |
||
Microvelia longipes |
x* |
This work |
||
Microvelia mimula |
x |
x |
|
|
Microvelia pulchella |
x |
x |
This work |
|
Microvelia sousorum sp. nov. |
x |
This work |
||
Microvelia summersi |
x |
|
||
Microvelia venustatis |
x |
|
||
Rhagoveliinae |
||||
Rhagovelia amazonensis |
x |
|
||
Rhagovelia brunae |
x |
x |
x |
This work |
Rhagovelia elegans |
x |
x |
x |
|
Rhagovelia evidis |
x |
x |
x |
This work |
Rhagovelia graziae |
x** |
This work |
||
Rhagovelia jubata |
x |
x |
This work |
|
Rhagovelia tenuipes |
x |
|
||
Rhagovelia traili |
x |
x |
x |
|
Veliinae |
||||
Callivelia conata |
x |
This work |
||
Oiovelia chenae |
x |
|
||
Oiovelia cunucunumana |
x |
This work |
||
Paravelia bullialata |
x |
This work |
||
Paravelia dilatata |
x* |
This work |
||
Stridulivelia alia |
x |
x |
This work |
|
Stridulivelia quadrispinosa |
x |
x |
|
|
Stridulivelia stridulata |
x |
This work |
||
Stridulivelia strigosa |
x |
x |
x |
This work |
Stridulivelia tersa |
x |
x |
x |
This work |
Striduliveliab transversa |
x |
x |
This work |
This work was supported in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES; Financial Code 001), the Institutional Program for Teaching, Research and Extension, Federal University of Western Pará (PEEX – UFOPA 03.2019) and the Academic Development Support Program (PPGBEES – UFOPA 02/2020). We thank Dr. Carla F. B. Floriano for the photographs of the holotypes of Microvelia hinei, M. novana and M. venustatis; Dr. Thomas J. Henry and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) for authorising and providing the equipment used to make these photos; Dr. Fábio F. S. Moniz for confirming the use of Latin in the names of the three new species; and those who contributed during our fieldwork or with specimens: Dr. Neusa Hamada, Diego Sousa, Carlos Sousa, Laura Olivelia, Iomar Pereira, Douglas Couceiro, Marcos Santana, Lucas Moura, Evelyn Oliveira and Marcos Galúcio. SES benefited from a Master’s scholarship provided by CAPES. JMSR benefited from a postdoctoral fellowship provided by the State of Rio de Janeiro Research Foundation (FAPERJ; #E-26/202.317/2018). SRMC benefited from a grant provided by UFOPA (PEEX – UFOPA 03.2019). FFFM benefited from grants provided by FAPERJ (#E-26/203.207/2017, #E-26/201.066/2020) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; #301942/2019-6).