Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Antonio S Ortiz (aortiz@um.es)
Academic editor: Shinichi Nakahara
Received: 15 Jun 2021 | Accepted: 07 Nov 2021 | Published: 16 Nov 2021
© 2021 Juan Guerrero, Manuel Pozas, Antonio S Ortiz
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Guerrero JJ, Pozas M, Ortiz AS (2021) First record and DNA barcoding of Donacaula niloticus (Zeller, 1867) from the Iberian Peninsula (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e70193. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e70193
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Donacaula niloticus (Zeller, 1867) is known from south-eastern Europe, Middle East and Turkey to Central Asia, northern India and China and widely distributed in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Egypt).
Donacaula niloticus (Zeller 1867) is recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula and the first DNA barcode sequence is published and compared with other European and North American Donacaula species.
taxonomy, occurrence, cytochrome oxidase, mitochondrial, Cádiz, Spain
The family Crambidae (Pyraloidea) currently includes 10,343 species in 15 subfamilies worldwide of which 239 species in 29 genera belong to the subfamily Schoenobiinae (
Donacaula
Donacaula niloticus is known from south-eastern Europe, Middle East and Turkey to Central Asia, northern India and China and widely distributed in North Africa from Morocco to Egypt (
In this article, we provide the first record and DNA barcoding of Donacaula niloticus (Zeller, 1867) collected from the saltmarshes of Adventus in Trebujena (Cádiz, Spain). The specimens collected have some consistent morphological features which differ from the other Donacaula species. In addition, mtDNA sequence(COI) were used to assess genetic divergence between the Donacaula species from Europe and North America.
During the sampling, one female specimen with a white discocellular spot and unpointed apex traits was collected (Fig.
The specimen was pinned, wings spread and dried. Their external characters were examined in order to evaluate possible differences in colouration and wing shape. Furthermore, it was dissected using standard procedures (
For DNA extraction, two legs were removed from the specimen in order to sequence the 658 base-pair long barcode segment of the mitochondrial COI gene (cytochrome c oxidase 1, 5’ terminus). The tissue samples were submitted to the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph) to obtain DNA barcodes using the high-throughput protocol described in
Voucher data, images, sequences and trace files are publicly available on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) (
Schoenobius niloticus
(TL: Egypt, Alexandria)
The Iberian specimen showed morphological traits (Figs
The COI divergences between Donacaula niloticus and seven Donacaula species from Europe and North America, including Scirpophaga praelata as additional Schoenobiinae species, are presented in Table
Interspecific mean K2P (Kimura 2-Parameter) divergences (mean pairwise distances) between Donacaula species, based on the analysis of COI fragments (> 600 bp).
D. longirostrallus | D. melinellus | D. forficella | D. mucronella | D. roscidellus | D. unipunctellus | D. niloticus | D. sordidellus | Scirpophaga praelata | |
D. maximellus | 12.9 | 10.8 | 14.3 | 10.9 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 15.9 |
D. longirostrallus | 12.2 | 14.7 | 12.5 | 15.3 | 14.9 | 13.2 | 15.6 | 16.2 | |
D. melinellus |
14 | 7.6 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 11.8 | 13.4 | 16.5 | ||
D. forficella |
13 | 15.1 | 14 | 13 | 13.2 | 14.9 | |||
D. mucronella |
12.5 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 14.1 | 15.2 | ||||
D. roscidellus |
13.4 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 16.1 | |||||
D. unipunctellus | 12.9 | 14.4 | 16.4 | ||||||
D. niloticus |
12.8 | 15 | |||||||
D. sordidellus |
16.1 |
All trees presented the same topology and were practically identical; therefore, only the ML tree is presented here with the branch tips collapsed since each of the groups of sequences correspond to a single BIN (Fig.
The presence of Donacaula niloticus in the riparian vegetation near to the mouth of the Guadalquivir River into the saltmarshes of Adventus (Trebujena, Cádiz) is confirmed by integrating the evidence from COI mitochondrial DNA sequences and adult morphology and is genetically different to the other two European and six North American Donacaula species. Molecular data indicate significant divergence with large mean distances amongst Donacaula species (13.0%) with maximum distance between D. sordidellus and D. longirostrallus and minimum distance between D. melinellus and D. mucronella (7.6%). In the case of D. niloticus, the distance to the European Donacaula species was 13% to D. forficella and 11.8% to D. mucronella, while the genetic divergence amongst D. forficella and D. mucronella was 13%. (Table
Donacaula is associated with various semi-aquatic and marsh plants where their larval stages live in stems or roots or on exposed and non-submerged leaves of Phragmites australis, Glyceria spp. and Carex spp. These lepidopterans have developed various strategies and adaptations that have allowed them to stay in close proximity to water (
We emphasise here the importance of combining traditional morphological analysis and ecological traits with the additional dataset of DNA sequences for those taxonomic groups whose identification is particularly difficult and mainly based on differences in the genitalia.
Thanks are due to Manuel Garre, John Girdley and Rosa María Rubio for their taxonomic comments, to Rafael Obregon and Dave Grundy for their collaboration and interest in the study of the lepidopteran fauna from Cádiz, to Richard Mally from Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Shinichi Nakahara from Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Marco in Lima (Peru) and other anomymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions and Claire Ward and John Girdley for improving the manuscript linguistically. We are grateful to Paul D.N. Hebert and the entire team at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB, Guelph, Canada) for carrying out the sequence analyses.
This study has been supported by the Regional Excellence 19908-GERM-15 project of the Fundación Séneca (Regional Government of Murcia, Spain). Collecting permits were issued by the Environmental Authority of the Junta of Andalusia.
Maximum Likelihood tree (ML) (ML; constructed with IQ-TREE; COI 658 bp) including 99 sequences of selected Donacaula species rooted with Scirpophaga praelata. Branch supports are represented by SH-aLRT/aBayes/UFBoot.