Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic Paper
|
Corresponding author: Adriana Oliveira (ribeirosenna1@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Luis Cayuela
Received: 04 Nov 2015 | Accepted: 19 Feb 2016 | Published: 02 Mar 2016
© 2016 Adriana Oliveira, Claudia Bove.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Oliveira A, Bove C (2016) Checklist of aquatic and marshy Monocotyledons from the Araguaia River basin, Brazilian Cerrado. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7085. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7085
|
![]() |
The Araguaia River basin runs through the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, and Pará, covering 373,000 Km2, mostly within the Brazilian Cerrado. The region has a wide variety of wetlands. The climate is characterized by high temperatures and strongly seasonal precipitation. There are two well defined seasons: the dry season (winter-spring) and the rainy season (summer- fall). The Araguaia River basin is dominated by plinthosoils that are found in low flat areas, poorly drained and prone to flooding, yielding wetland habitats of high plant diversity. Since the 1970s, human activities have led to reduction in both the diversity and area of wetlands. The construction of the Belém-Brasília highway and hydroelectric dams, as well as the expansion of agricultural and mining activities, have had major impacts on the region.
The flora diversity data of the Araguaia River basin was developed through field work, herbarium research, and use of a database (Species Link). The resulting checklist of 162 aquatic and marshy monocotyledons from the Araguaia River basin represents 20 families and 50 genera. Cyperaceae (51 spp.), Poaceae (39 spp.), and Eriocaulaceae (16 spp.) are the most representative families. Life form analysis indicates that helophytes predominate (98 spp.; 60.5%). One hundred one species are native to tropical and/or subtropical America and twenty one are endemic to Brazil. Ninety-three species are new occurrences for the Araguaia River basin. Among them, three species are reported in the Brazilian Cerrado for the first time. This work contributes to the understanding of aquatic plant diversity in the Cerrado and other savanna-like vegetation physiognomies; environments and habitats poorly understood taxonomically and undercollected generally.
Aquatic plants, Brazilian savannah, Central Brazil flora, Lilianae
The Brazilian Cerrado is one of the most threatened ecosystems in Brazil and was ranked among the 34 most important biodiversity hotspots of the world (
The first study to include aquatic plants in Brazil was carried out by
Material for this study is from collections made between 5-20°S and 45–55°W, located approximately between the city of Alto Araguaia at the southern limit and the city of Formoso do Araguaia at the northern limit (
Natural ecosystems
Palearctic.
We report 162 species of aquatic and marshy monocotyledons, distributed in 20 families and 50 genera (
Checklist of hydrophylous Monocots from the Araguaia River basin. Species found in consulted herbaria (Sh); species found in Species Link (Ss); new occurrences to Araguaia River basin (NoA); new occurrences to Cerrado (NoC); geographic distribution (Gd): A Americas, B Brazil, W Worldwide; Life forms (Lf): He Helophytes, Em emergent, Ff Floating-fixed, Fr floating-free, Sf submerged-fixed.
Family |
Species |
Lf |
Gd |
NoA |
NoC |
Sh |
Ss |
Alismataceae |
Echinodorus longipetalus Mich. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
E. subalatus (Mart. ex Schult. f.) Griseb. |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
Helanthium bolivianum (Rusby) Lehtonen & Myllys |
Em /Sf |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
H. tenellum (Mart. ex Schult.f.) J.G.Sm. |
Em /Sf |
A |
+ |
||||
Hydrocleys nymphoides (Willd.) Buchenau |
Ff |
A |
+ |
||||
H. parviflora Seub. |
Ff |
A |
+ |
||||
Limnocharis laforestii Griseb. |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth |
Fr |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
S. rhombifolia Cham. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Araceae |
Anthurium lindmanianum Engl. |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia Engl. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
D. seguine (Jacq.) Schott |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Gearum brasiliense N.E.Br. |
He |
B |
+ |
||||
Philodendron imbe Schott |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
P. quinquenervium Miq. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
Urospatha sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Xanthosoma striatipes (Kunth & C.D.Bouché) Madison |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
Arecaceae |
Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
Syagrus petraea (Mart.) Becc. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Burmanniaceae |
Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small |
He |
A |
+ |
|||
Burmannia capitata (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Mart. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
B. flava Mart. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Cannaceae |
Canna indica L. |
He |
A |
+ |
|||
Commelinaceae |
Commelina erecta L. |
He |
W |
+ |
|||
Commelina diffusa Burm. f. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. obliqua Vahl |
He |
A |
+ |
||||
Costaceae |
Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
Cyperaceae |
Ascolepis brasiliensis (Kunth) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke |
Em |
W |
+ |
+ |
||
Bulbostylis stenocarpa Kük. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Calyptrocarya glomerulata (Brongn.) Urb. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Cyperus diffusus Vahl |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. digitatus Roxb. |
Em |
W |
+ |
||||
C. giganteus Vahl |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. haspan L. |
Em |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. odoratus L. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. pohlii (Nees) Steud. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. schomburgkianus Nees |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. sphacelatus Rottb. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
C. tenuispica Steud. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Diplacrum capitatum (Willd.) Boeck. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. |
Em |
W |
+ |
||||
E. capillacea Kunth |
Em/Sf |
A |
+ |
||||
E. filiculmis Kunth |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
E. interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
E. minima var. minima Kunth |
Em/Sf |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
E. minima var. bicolor (Chapm.) Svenson |
Em/Sf |
A |
+ |
||||
E. nana Kunth |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
E. nudipes (Kunth) Palla |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
E. plicarhachis (Griseb.) Svenson |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
E. retroflexa (Poir.) Urb. |
Em |
W |
+ |
||||
E. sellowiana Kunth |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl |
Em |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
F. dichotoma (L.) Vahl |
Em |
W |
+ |
||||
F. quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth |
Em |
W |
+ |
||||
Fuirena umbellata Rottb. |
Em |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. |
Em |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
K. odorata Vahl |
Em |
W |
+ |
||||
K. vaginata Lam |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) J.Kern |
Em |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Pycreus lanceolatus (Poir.) C.B.Clark |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. unioloides (R.Br.) Urb. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Rhynchospora armerioides J.Presl & C.Presl. |
He |
A |
+ |
||||
R. barbata (Vahl) Kunth |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. brevirostris Griseb. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. corymbosa (L.) Britton |
Em |
W |
+ |
||||
R. divaricata (Ham.) M.T.Strong |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. exaltata Kunth |
He |
A |
+ |
||||
R. filiformis Vahl |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. hassleri C.B.Clarke |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. tenuis Link. |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
R. trispicata (Nees) Schrad. ex Steud. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
R. aff. unisetosa T. Koyama |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
R. velutina (Kunth) Boeck. |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
Scleria gaertneri Raddi |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
S. microcarpa Nees ex Kunth |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
S. mitis P.J.Bergius |
He |
A |
+ |
||||
Eriocaulaceae |
E. alto-gibbo sum Ruhland |
Em |
B |
+ |
+ |
||
Eriocaulon araguaiense A.Oliveira & C.P.Bove |
Em |
B |
+ |
||||
E. cylindratum A.Oliveira & C.P.Bove |
Em |
B |
+ |
||||
E. epapillosum Ruhland |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
E. humboldtii Kunth |
Em |
B |
+ |
||||
E. setaceum L. |
Em/Sf |
B |
+ |
||||
Comanthera. xeranthemoides (Bong.) L.R. Parra & Giul. |
He |
B |
+ |
||||
Paepalanthus viridis Körn. |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhland |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
S. densiflorus (Körn.) Ruhland |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhland |
He |
B |
+ |
||||
S. helminthorrihizus (Mart.) Ruhland |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
S. humboldtii (Kunth) Ruhland |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
S. longipes Gleason |
Em |
A |
+ |
||||
S. nitens (Bong.) Ruhland |
He |
A |
+ |
||||
Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. |
Sf |
A |
+ |
||||
Heliconiaceae |
Heliconia psittacorum L.f. |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
||
Hydrocharitaceae |
Elodea granatensis Humb. & Bonpl. |
Sf |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
Egeria heterostemon S.Koehler & C.P.Bove |
Sf |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
Najas affinis Rendle |
Fr/Ff |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Ottelia brasiliensis (Planch.) Walp. |
Sf |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
Marantaceae |
Thalia geniculata L. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Mayacaceae |
Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
M. longipes Mart. ex Seub. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
M. madida (Vell.) Stellfeld |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Orchidaceae |
Bletia catenulata Ruiz & Pav. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
Epidendrum densiflorum Hook. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Habenaria macilenta (Lindl. ex Benth.) Rchb.f. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
H. orchiocalcar Hoehne |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
H. spathulifera Cogn. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Poaceae |
Acroceras fluminense (Hack.) Zuloaga & Morrone |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
Andropogon lateralis Nees |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
A. leucostachyus Kunth |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
D. filiformis (L.) Kaler |
He |
A |
+ |
||||
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
E. crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
E. rufescens Schult. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Eriochrysis cayennensis P. Beauv. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
Mesosetum cf. loliiforme (Steud.) Hitchc. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Ichnanthus procurrens (Nees ex Trin.) Swallen |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
Isachne polygonoides (Lam.) Döll |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
Luziola peruviana Juss ex J.F. Gmel. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Panicum cyanescens Nees ex Trin. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
P. discrepans Döll |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. latissimum J.G.Mikan ex Trin. |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
P. parvifolium Lam. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
P. repens Berg. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. schwackeanum Mez. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. stenodes Griseb. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. trichoides Sw. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Paspalum cinerascens (Döll) A.G.Burm. & M.Bastos |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. convexum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Flüggé |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. gardnerianum Nees |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. glaucescens Hack. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. maritimum Trin. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. marmoratum Kuhlm. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. pictum Eckm. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
P. repens Berg. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
P. trichotomum Hack. |
He |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
Reimarochloa acuta (Fluggé) Hitchc. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Sacciolepis vilvoides (Trin.) Chase |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) M.Kerguelen |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Steinchisma decipiens (Nees ex Trin.) W.V.Br. |
Em |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
S. laxum (Sw.) Zuloaga |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
|||
Thrasya thrasyoides (Trin.) Chase |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Pontederiaceae |
Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth |
Ff |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms |
Fr/ Ff |
A |
+ |
||||
E. diversifolia (Vahl) Urb. |
Ff |
A |
+ |
||||
Pontederia parviflora Alexander |
Ff |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
P. subovata (Seub.) Lowden |
Ff |
A |
+ |
||||
Rapateaceae |
Cephalostemon gracilis (Poepp. & Endl.) R.H.Schomb. |
Em |
B |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Typhaceae |
Typha domingensis Pers. |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Xyridaceae |
Abolboda pulchella Bonpl. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
||
Xyris caroliniana Walter |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
X. fragilis Kral & Lor.B.Sm. |
Em |
B |
+ |
+ |
|||
X. jupicai Rich. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
X. savanensis Miq. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||
X. tenella Kunth |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
X. tortula Mart. |
He |
A |
+ |
+ |
|||
Zingiberaceae |
Hedychium coronarium J.König |
He |
W |
+ |
+ |
Ichnanthus procurrens (Nees ex Trin.) Swallen C.P. Bove et al. 1664
In terms of floristics, 101 species are native to tropical and/or subtropical America, 40 are widely distributed and twenty are endemic to Brazil. Ninety-three species are new occurrences to the Araguaia River basin (
Three species are not cited to the Brazilian Cerrado in any publication: Panicum latissimum J.G.Mikan ex Trin., Philodendron imbe Schott, and Rhynchospora aff. unisetosa T. Koyama. Panicum latissimum and Philodendron imbe are endemic from Brazil and Rhynchospora unisetosa is not reported to occur in Brazil (
Since the 1970s, many projects have led to reduction in both diversity and area of wetlands. The construction of the Belém-Brasília highway and hydroelectric dams, as well as the expansion of agricultural and mining activities (
We are grateful to the curators of the herbaria R, RB, UFG, and UB. André Gil, Josele Paz and Wilson Costa for their help in the field. Ana Maria Giulietti, Ana Claudia Araújo, André Gil, Fabrício Moreira Ferreira, Marcelo Trovó, Marcus Nadruz and Tarciso Filgueiras for help in identification of species and Paula Philbrick for the English language revision on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants of CAPES to A.L.R.O. and CNPq to C.P.B. (PROTAX 562251/2010-3 and Productivity grant).