A checklist and areography of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Rila Mountain

Georgi Georgiev; Vladimir Sakalian; Plamen Mirchev; Margarita Georgieva; Sevdalin Belilov

doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e72494

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic Paper

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Taxonomic Paper

A checklist and areography of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Rila Mountain

Georgi Georgiev^‡, Vladimir Sakalian^§, Plamen Mirchev^‡, Margarita Georgieva^‡, Sevdalin Belilov^‡

‡ Forest Research Institute - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

§ Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,, Sofia, Bulgaria

Corresponding author: Georgi Georgiev (ggeorgiev.fri@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Cheng-Bin Wang

Received: 02 Aug 2021 | Accepted: 08 Oct 2021 | Published: 18 Oct 2021

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Georgiev G, Sakalian V, Mirchev P, Georgieva M, Belilov S (2021) A checklist and areography of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Rila Mountain. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e72494. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e72494

Abstract

Background

The complex of longhorn beetles in Rila Mt. in Bulgaria was studied by literature data and original biological materials. As a result, 126 taxa from six subfamilies were established, as follows: Prioninae (four taxa), Lepturinae (43 taxa), Necydalinae (two taxa), Spondylidinae (seven taxa), Cerambycinae (31 taxa) and Lamiinae (39 taxa).

New information

In this study, two new records for Rila Mt. (Stenurella nigra nigra and Xylosteus spinolae) and new localities or additional information for 24 cerambycid taxa were reported. The longhorn beetles belong to 18 zoogeographical categories and seven complexes. The European complex occupies a dominant position (37.3%), followed by the Palaearctic (23.8%), Eurosiberian (13.5%), Mediterranean (11.1%), European-Iranoturanian (7.1%), Balkan endemic (4.0%) and Holarctic (3.2%) complexes.

Keywords

Cerambycidae, Rila Mt., areography, Bulgaria

Introduction

Rila is the highest and one of the largest mountains in Bulgaria. The average altitude is 1487 m a.s.l. and the total area - 2629 km². The highest peak of the mountain, Musala (2925 m a.s.l.), is the highest on the Balkan Peninsula and in Eastern Europe (Ivanov 1966).

In Rila Mt., there is a large number of tree and shrub species clearly distributed in vegetation belts. The deciduous belt is formed mainly by hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), aspen (Populus tremula L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth) and coniferous one - by silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Balkan pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) and dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) (Stoyanov 1966).

Information about findings of longhorn beetles of Rila is available in a number of literature sources (Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Minkova 1957, Minkova 1961, Angelov 1967, Angelov 1995, Ganev 1984, Ganev 1985, Ganev 1986, Doychev and Georgiev 2004, Migliaccio et al. 2007, Rapuzzi and Georgiev 2007 etc.). However, there is no check-list of cerambycid fauna of the mountain.

The aim of this study is to sumarise data in entomological literature about longhorn beetles in Rila Mt., to report new records of longhorn beetles and to make zoogeographical analysis of cerambycid fauna in the mountain.

Materials and methods

The longhorn beetles of Rila Mt. were studied by literature data, original records and unpublished materials in entomological collections. The original material was collected on flowers and host plants.

In this study, classification and nomenclature of the longhorn beetles suggested by Sama 2002, Sama 2013, Téocchi 2003, Biscaccianti 2007, Lobl and Smetana 2010, Özdikmen 2011, Miroshnikov 2016 and Danilevsky 2021 are followed, without indication of tribes and subgenera. Some taxa reported from Rila Mt., but most likely misidentified, are not included in the list: Agapanthia lais Reiche & Saulcy, 1858 (Bringmann 1995) and Phytoecia affinis nigropubescens G. Müller, 1948 (reported as Phytoecia nigripes nigropubescens in Bringmann (1998)).

The zoogeographical characterisation of longhorn beetles was made on the basis of recent taxa distribution (Danilevsky 2021). According to Georgiev and Hubenov (2006) and Sakalian and Langourov (2007) conceptions, the established taxa are arranged in 18 chorotypes (areographic categories).

The new cerambycid records are deposited in entomological collection of Georgi Georgiev (mentioned with the abbreviation [GG]).

Checklist

Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758)

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country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Brashantsi vill.
; eventDate:
13-08-81
; sex:
2 males
; recordedBy:
V. Radkova leg. [GG]

Distribution:

West Palaearctic species (Danilevsky 2021)

Alosterna tabacicolor subsp. tabacicolor (DeGeer, 1775)

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country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

West Eurosiberian subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Anastrangalia dubia subsp. dubia (Scopoli, 1763)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
3 males, 2 females
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
1 male, 3 females
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Treshtenik loc.
; verbatimElevation:
1250 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
42.052222
; verbatimLongitude:
23.668694
; sex:
3 males, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Euromediterranean subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Anastrangalia sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1760)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
4 males
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Treshtenik loc.
; verbatimElevation:
1250 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
42.052222
; verbatimLongitude:
23.668694
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

West Eurosiberian species (Danilevsky 2021)

Leptura quadrifasciata subsp. quadrifasciata Linnaeus, 1758

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country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Transpalaearctic subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Judolia cerambyciformis (Schrank, 1781)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Harsovo vill.
; verbatimElevation:
800 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ovtchartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
900 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-21-04
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Treshtenik loc.
; verbatimElevation:
1250 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
42.052222
; verbatimLongitude:
23.668694
; sex:
2 males, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European species (Danilevsky 2021)

Rutpela maculata subsp. maculata (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ovtchartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
900 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-21-04
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Treshtenik loc.
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
42.052222
; verbatimLongitude:
23.668694
; sex:
2 males
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European-Anatolian subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Stenurella nigra subsp. nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ovtchartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
900 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-21-04
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European-Anatolian subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Stenurella bifasciata subsp. intermedia Holzschuh, 2006

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ovtchartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
900 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-21-04
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Balkan endemic species (Danilevsky 2021)

Stenurella septempunctata subsp. septempunctata (Fabricius, 1793)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Harsovo vill.
; verbatimElevation:
800 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
8 males, 4 females
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ovtchartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
900 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-21-04
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Stenurella melanura subsp. melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Harsovo vill.
; verbatimElevation:
800 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Treshtenik loc.
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
42.052222
; verbatimLongitude:
23.668694
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Transpalaearctic subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Stictoleptura rubra subsp. rubra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ovtchartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
900 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-21-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Eurosiberian subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Paracorymbia maculicornis (DeGeer, 1775)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ravnite Mochuri loc. near Dobursko vill.
; verbatimElevation:
1600 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
7/6-8/30/2003
; sex:
1 male collected in tree traps on Pinus sylvestri
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
2 males, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
3 males, 2 females
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European species (Danilevsky 2021)

Strangalia attenuata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Harsovo vill.
; verbatimElevation:
800 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Ovtchartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
900 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-21-04
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Transpalaearctic species (Danilevsky 2021)

Carilia virginea subsp. virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Eurosiberian subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Cortodera humeralis subsp. humeralis (Schaller, 1783)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Above Dobarsko vill.
; eventDate:
06-02-03
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European-Anatolian subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Pachyta quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Parangalitsa
; verbatimElevation:
1300 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
2 males, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Treshtenik loc.
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
42.052222
; verbatimLongitude:
23.668694
; sex:
2 males, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Transpalaearctic species (Danilevsky 2021)

Pidonia lurida (Fabricius, 1793)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European species (Danilevsky 2021)

Rhagium bifasciatum Fabricius, 1775

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Malyovitsa, Chalat loc.
; verbatimElevation:
2050 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
06-07-64
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
P. Beron leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Maliovitsa
; verbatimElevation:
2020 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
11-01-70
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
P. Beron leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Bistritsa vill.
; verbatimElevation:
700 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
06-06-81
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
V. Radkova leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Blagoevgrad
; verbatimElevation:
560 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
06-28-82
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
E. Andreeva leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European-Iranoturanian species (Danilevsky 2021)

Xylosteus spinolae Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Govedartsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
1200 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
06-21-20
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Northeast Mediterranean species (Danilevsky 2021)

Cerambyx scopolii subsp. scopolii Fuessly, 1775

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Brashantsii vill.
; eventDate:
06-06-82
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
V. Radkova leg. [GG]

Distribution:

European-Anatolian subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Clytus rhamni subsp. rhamni Germar, 1817

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Harsovo vill.
; verbatimElevation:
800 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
3 males, 4 females
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Northeast Mediterranean subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Molorchus minor subsp. minor (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Rila Monastery
; verbatimElevation:
1400 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-07-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Transpalaearctic subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Lamia textor (Linnaeus, 1758)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Blagoevgrad
; verbatimElevation:
560 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
05-14-90
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Harsovo vill.
; verbatimElevation:
800 m a.s.l.
; eventDate:
07-20-04
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Transpalaearctic subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Monochamus sutor subsp. sutor (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Iliina Riiver above Rila Monastery
; eventDate:
06-22-13
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
P. Mirchev leg. [GG]

Distribution:

West Eurosiberian subspecies Danilevsky 2021

Pogonocherus fasciculatus subsp. fasciculatus DeGeer, 1775

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Above Dobarsko vill.
; eventDate:
06-02-03
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]

Distribution:

Transpalaearctic subspecies (Danilevsky 2021)

Analysis

In this study, two new taxa (Stenurella nigra nigra and Xylosteus spinolae) were established for Rila Mt. New localities or additional information for 24 cerambycid taxa were also reported.

The total number of cerambycid taxa in Rila Mt. is 126 from six subfamilies: Prioninae (four taxa), Lepturinae (43 taxa), Necydalinae (two taxa), Spondylidinae (seven taxa), Cerambycinae (31 taxa) and Lamiinae (39 taxa) (Table 1).

Table 1.

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CSV

XLSX

Localities and chorotypes of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Rila Mt.

N	Taxon	Locality	References	Chorotype
	Subfamily Prioninae Latreille, 1802
1	Tragosoma depsarium (Linnaeus, 1767)	Blagoevgrad	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	Eurosiberian
2	Mesoprionus besikanus (Fairmaire, 1855)	Rila Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	East Mediterranean
3	Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758)	Yundola Borovets, Kostenets Rila Mt. Bistritsa Brashantsi vill.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Samuelian 1998, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995, Georgiev 2020, New record	West Palaearctic
4	Ergates faber (Linnaeus, 1760)	Rila Monastery Rila Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	West Palaearctic
	Subfamily Lepturinae Latreille, 1802
5	Alosterna tabacicolor tabacicolor (DeGeer, 1775)	Rila Mt. Parangalitsa	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, New record	West Eurosiberian
6	Anastrangalia dubia dubia (Scopoli, 1763)	Rila Monastery Borovets Rila Mt. Parangalitsa, Treshtenik	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Minkova 1957, Ganev 1985, Gradinarov et al. 2020, Angelov 1995, New records	Euromediterranean
7	Anastrangalia sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1760)	Kostenets Rila Mt. Gorno Osenovo Borovets Parangalitsa, Treshtenik	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995, Georgiev 2020, Gradinarov et al. 2020, New records	West Eurosiberian
8	Anoplodera rufipes rufipes (Schaller, 1783)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Angelov 1995	European
9	Anoplodera sexguttata (Fabricius, 1775)	Rila Mt.	Angelov 1995	Euromediterranean
10	Grammoptera abdominalis (Stephens, 1831)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	European-Iranian
11	Grammoptera ustulata ustulata (Schaller, 1783)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	European-Anatolian
12	Leptura aurulenta Fabricius, 1793	Yundola	Ganev 1986	Euromediterranean
13	Leptura quadrifasciata quadrifasciata Linnaeus, 1758	Raduil Rila Mt. Belmeken Yundola Parangalitsa	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Samuelian 1998, New records	Transpalaearctic
14	Lepturobosca virens (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt.	Angelov 1995	Transpalaearctic
15	Judolia cerambyciformis (Schrank, 1781)	Rila Mt. Borovets Yundola, Musala hut Kostenets Rila Monastery Harsovo, Parangalitsa, Ovtchartsi, Treshtenik	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Georgiev 2020, Angelov 1967, Minkova 1957, Ganev 1985, Ganev 1985, Gradinarov et al. 2020, New records	European
16	Judolia erraticus (Dalman, 1817)	Kostenets Yundola, Samokov Blagoevgrad Rila Monastery	Heyrovský 1931, Minkova 1957, Angelov 1967, Georgiev 2020, Gradinarov et al. 2020	European-Iranian
17	Pseudovadonia livida livida (Fabricius, 1777)	Borovets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European
18	Rutpela maculata maculata (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)	Borovets, Kostenets Belmeken Harsovo Govedartsi Rila Monastery Ovchartsi, Treshtenik	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Rapuzzi and Georgiev 2007, Georgiev 2020, Gradinarov and Petrova 2019, New records	European-Anatolian
19	Stenurella nigra nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)	Ovchartsi	New record	European-Anatolian
20	Stenurella bifasciata intermedia Holzschuh, 2006	Blagoevgrad Borovets Ovtchartsi	Georgiev 2020, Gradinarov et al. 2020, New record	Balkan endemic
21	Stenurella septempunctata septempunctata (Fabricius, 1793)	Borovets Rila Monastery Harsovo, Ovtchartsi	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Gradinarov et al. 2020, New records	European
22	Stenurella melanura melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets Rila Monastery Blagoevgrad, Predela Harsovo, Parangalitsa, Treshtenik	Heyrovský 1931, Angelov 1967, Georgiev 2020, New records	Transpalaearctic
23	Stictoleptura rubra rubra (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets Raduil, Samokov, Kostenets Rila Monastery Yundola Yakoruda Ovtchartsi	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Gradinarov et al. 2020, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1967, Samuelian 1998, Georgiev 2020, New record	Eurosiberian
24	Paracorymbia maculicornis (DeGeer, 1775)	Borovets Rila Mt. Dobarsko, Rila Monastery, Parangalitsa	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Gradinarov et al. 2020, Angelov 1995, New records	European
25	Stictoleptura scutellata scutellata (Fabricius, 1781)	Belmeken	Minkova 1957	European
26	Paracorymbia fulva (DeGeer, 1775)	Kostenets Rila Monastery Harsovo, Ovchartsi	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Rapuzzi and Georgiev 2007	European-Anatolian
27	Stictoleptura erythroptera (Hagenbach, 1822)	Borovets	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European-Iranian
28	Strangalia attenuata (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Belmeken Borovets Harsovo, Ovtchartsi	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Ganev 1985, New records	Transpalaearctic
29	Vadonia unipunctata unipunctata (Fabricius, 1787)	Rila Monastery	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European-Anatolian
30	Oxymirus cursor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Borovets Rila Monastery, Kostenets	Heyrovský 1931, Angelov 1995, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Ganev 1985, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	West Eurosiberian
31	Carilia virginea virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets Soleno Dere Rila Monastery Yundola Eleshnitsa River Parangalitsa	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Angelov 1967, Samuelian 1998, Georgiev 2020, New record	West Eurosiberian
32	Cortodera humeralis humeralis (Schaller, 1783)	Kostenets, Rila Monastery Dobarsko	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, New record	European-Anatolian
33	Cortodera flavimana flavimana (Waltl, 1838)	Yundola	Samuelian 1998	European-Anatolian
34	Dinoptera collaris (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Rila Monastery	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Gradinarov et al. 2020	Eurosiberian
35	Acmaeops septentrionis (C. G. Thomson, 1866)	Parangalitsa Borovets, Dupnitsa	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Angelov 1995, Minkova 1957, Angelov 1995, Angelov 1995	Transpalaearctic
36	Evodinellus clathratus (Fabricius, 1793)	Rila Mt.	Angelov 1995	European
37	Acmaeops pratensis (Laicharting, 1784)	Borovets Rila Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	Transholarctic
38	Pachyta lamed (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets Rila Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	Transpalaearctic
39	Pachyta quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets Kostenets, Belmeken Rila Mt. Parangalitsa, Treshtenik	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Ganev 1985, Gradinarov et al. 2020, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995, New records	Transpalaearctic
40	Pidonia lurida (Fabricius, 1793)	Samokov Borovets Rila Monastery	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, New record	European
41	Rhagium bifasciatum Fabricius, 1775	Rila Mt. Borovets Sitnyakovo Kostenets Rila Monastery Yundola Malyovitsa Bistritsa, Blagoevgrad	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1967, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Minkova 1957, Ganev 1984, Ganev 1985, Samuelian 1998, Georgiev 2020, New records	European-Iranian
42	Rhagium mordax (DeGeer, 1775)	Rila Mt. Borovets, Dolna Banya Kostenets, Parangalitsa	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Ganev 1986, Doychev et al. 2017	Eurosiberian
43	Rhagium sycophanta (Schrank, 1781)	Yundola	Samuelian 1998	West Eurosiberian
44	Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Parangalitsa Kostenets Borovets, Samokov Yundola, Bodrost Chalet	Drenski 1933, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Ganev 1984, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Samuelian 1998, Doychev et al. 2017, Gradinarov et al. 2020	Eurosiberian
45	Stenocorus meridianus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets Rila Mt.	Ganev 1985, Angelov 1995	Eurosiberian
46	Xylosteus bartoni Obenberger & Mařan, 1933	Borovets, Parangalitsa	Minkova 1957, Angelov 1995, Georgiev and Simov 2006	Balkan endemic
47	Xylosteus spinolae Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837	Govedartsi	New record	Northeast Mediterranean
	Subfamily Necydalinae Latreille, 1825
48	Necydalis major Linnaeus, 1758	Borovets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	Transpalaearctic
49	Necydalis ulmi Chevrolat, 1838	Borovets	Angelov 1995	European-Anatolian
	Subfamily Spondylidinae Audinet-Serville, 1832
50	Alocerus moesiacus (Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837)	Yundola	Samuelian 1998	Transmediterranean
51	Archopalus rusticus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets, Blagoevgrad Predela	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Georgiev 2020	Transpalaearctic
52	Asemum striatum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Kostenets	Minkova 1957	Transholarctic
53	Tetropium castaneum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Parangalitsa Borovets Yundola Deno Peak	Drenski 1933, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Samuelian 1998, Gradinarov et al. 2020	Transpalaearctic
54	Tetropium fuscum fuscum (Fabricius, 1787)	Rila Mt. Yundola Parangalitsa	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995 Ganev 1986, Samuelian 1998, Angelov 1995	Transholarctic
55	Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Brancsik, 1886	Borovets	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	European
56	Spondylis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Panichishte Govedartsi Yundola	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Ganev 1984, Ganev 1986, Samuelian 1998	Transpalaearctic
	Subfamily Cerambycinae Latreille, 1802
57	Anaglyptus mysticus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Monastery	Gradinarov et al. 2020	European-Anatolian
58	Aromia moschata moschata (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovo	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	Eurosiberian
59	Callidium violaceum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	Transpalaearctic
60	Callidium aeneum aeneum (De Deer, 1775)	Rila Monastery	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Doychev et al. 2017	Transpalaearctic
61	Callidium coriaceum Paykull, 1800	Yundola	Doychev and Bencheva 2008	Transpalaearctic
62	Lioderina linearis (Hampe, 1871)	Blagoevgrad	Ganev 1984	Northeast Mediterranean
63	Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Yundola	Samuelian 1998	Euromediterranean
64	Ropalopus clavipes (Fabricius, 1775)	Rila Monastery Yundola	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Samuelian 1998	European-Iranian
65	Ropalopus ungaricus insubricus (Germar, 1823)	Rila Monastery	Ganev 1986	European
66	Cerambyx miles Bonelli, 1812	Kostenets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European-Anatolian
67	Cerambyx nodulosus nodulosus Germar, 1817	Rila Monastery	Ganev 1985	Pontomediterranean
68	Cerambyx scopolii scopolii Fuessly, 1775	Rila Mt. Brashantsii	Heyrovský 1931, New record	European-Anatolian
69	Chlorophorus herbstii (Brahm, 1790)	Rila Mt. Kostenets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Ganev 1986	Eurosiberian
70	Clytus arietis arietis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European-Anatolian
71	Clytus lama Mulsant, 1847	Kostenets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European
72	Clytus rhamni rhamni Germar, 1817	Kostenets Harsovo	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, New record	Northeast Mediterranean
73	Plagionotus arcuatus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Yundola Razlog	Heyrovský 1931, Samuelian 1998, Georgiev 2020	Euromediterranean
74	Plagionotus detritus detritus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Kostenets Borovets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European-Anatolian
75	Xylotrechus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	Transpalaearctic
76	Xylotrechus arvicola arvicola (Olivier, 1795)	Predela	Georgiev 2020	Euromediterranean
77	Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets, Kostenets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	European-Anatolian
78	Stromatium auratum (Böber, 1793)	Blagoevgrad	Georgiev 2020	Transmediterranean
79	Molorchus minor minor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Parangalitsa Borovets Rila Mt. Rila Monastery	Drenski 1933, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995, New record	Transpalaearctic
80	Molorchus umbellatarum umbellatarum (Schreber, 1759)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Angelov 1995	European-Iranoturanian
81	Obrium brunneum (Fabricius, 1793)	Rila Monastery	Georgiev et al. 2005	European-Anatolian
82	Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783)	Yundola	Samuelian 1998	West Palaearctic
83	Purpuricenus kaehleri rossicus Danilevsky, 2019	Raduil Rila	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Ganev 1985	East European
84	Callimus angulatus angulatus (Schrank, 1789)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	Euromediterranean
85	Callimus femoratus (Germar, 1824)	Yundola	Samuelian 1998	East European-Iranian
86	Stenopterus flavicornis Küster, 1846	Kostenets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932	Northeast Mediterranean
87	Stenopterus rufus rufus (Linnaeus, 1767)	Harsovo, Parangalitsa	Rapuzzi and Georgiev 2007	European
	Subfamily Lamiinae Latreille, 1825
88	Acanthocinus aedilis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Borovets Samokov	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Ganev 1985	Transpalaearctic
89	Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius, 1793)	Samokov	Hubenov et al. 2001, Doychev et al. 2017	Transpalaearctic
90	Leiopus linnei Wallin, Nylander & Kvamme, 2009	Rila Mt. Belmeken	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934	European
91	Agapanthia cynarae cynarae (Germar, 1817)	Dupnitsa Borovets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Ganev 1985	North Mediterranean
92	Agapanthia dahli dahli (C. F. W. Richter, 1820)	Borovets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Ganev 1985	European
93	Agapanthia villosoviridescens (De Geer, 1775)	Rila Mt. Rila Monastery Borovets	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Angelov 1967, Ganev 1985	Eurosiberian
94	Agapanthia violacea (Fabricius, 1775)	Rila Mt. Blagoevgrad, Bistritsa, Rila Monastery	Heyrovský 1931, Georgiev 2020	European-Anatolian
95	Agapanthia kirbyi kirbyi (Gyllenhal, 1817)	Borovets Parangalitsa	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Georgiev 2020	European-Iranian
96	Anaesthetis testacea testacea (Fabricius, 1781)	Predela	Georgiev 2020	European-Anatolian
97	Stenidea genei genei (Aragona, 1830)	Kostenets	Angelov 1967	North Mediterranean
98	Dorcadion aethiops aethiops (Scopoli, 1763)	Rila Mt. Borovets Samokov	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Minkova 1961, Ganev 1986	Northeast Mediterranean
99	Dorcadion fulvum erythropterum Fischer von Waldheim, 1823	Blagoevgrad Yundola	Ganev 1985, Samuelian 1998	East European
100	Dorcadion axillare Küster, 1847	Rila Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Minkova 1961	Balkan endemic
101	Dorcadion sturmii Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837	Kostenets	Minkova 1961	Balkan endemic
102	Dorcadion tauricum tauricum Waltl, 1838	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931	East European
103	Dorcadion pedestre pedestre (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)	Yundola	Samuelian 1998	Northeast Mediterranean
104	Neodorcadion bilineatum (Germar, 1823)	Kostenets	Heyrovský 1931	Northeast Mediterranean
105	Lamia textor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Kostenets Blagoevgrad, Harsovo	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, New records	Transpalaearctic
106	Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1862	Rila Mt. Yundola	Heyrovský 1931, Samuelian 1998	Northeast Mediterranean
107	Mesosa curculionoides (Linnaeus, 1760)	Rila Mt. Blagoevgrad	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Rapuzzi and Georgiev 2007	European-Iranian
108	Monochamus galloprovincialis pistor (Germar, 1818)	Parangalitsa	Doychev et al. 2017	West Eurosiberian
109	Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787)	Parangalitsa Kostenets	Drenski 1933, Ganev 1985	European
110	Monochamus sutor sutor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Yundola Rila Monastery, Borovets Iliina River	Heyrovský 1931, Samuelian 1998, Gradinarov et al. 2020, New record	West Eurosiberian
111	Oberea erythrocephala erythrocephala (Schrank, 1776)	Rila Monastery, Borovets	Gradinarov et al. 2020	West Palaearctic
112	Phytoecia affinis affinis (Harrer, 1784)	Rila Mt. Rila Monastery	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Bringmann 1998, Gradinarov et al. 2020	European-Anatolian
113	Phytoecia coerulescens coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931	West Palaearctic
114	Phytoecia cylindrica (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Kostenets	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934	Transpalaearctic
115	Phytoecia geniculata orientalis Kraatz, 1871	Borovets	Migliaccio et al. 2007	Balkan endemic
116	Phytoecia icterica (Schaller, 1783)	Samokov	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934	West Palaearctic
117	Phytoecia nigricornis (Fabricius, 1782)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934	Eurosiberian
118	Phytoecia virgula virgula (Charpentier, 1825)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934	Transpalaearctic
119	Pogonocherus fasciculatus fasciculatus DeGeer, 1775	Rila Mt. Borovets Yundola, Belmeken Dobarsko	Tschorbadjiew 1927, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Doychev et al. 2017, New record	Transpalaearctic
120	Pogonocherus hispidulus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783)	Rila Mt. Yakoruda	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Bringmann and Dring 2001	Euromediterranean
121	Saperda populnea (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Kostenets Samokov	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Georgiev et al. 2004	Transholarctic
122	Saperda octopunctata (Scopoli, 1772)	Kostenets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Ganev 1986	European-Anatolian
123	Saperda scalaris scalaris (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt. Kostenets	Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Ganev 1986	Euromediterranean
124	Saperda carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)	Kostenets	Ganev 1985	Transpalaearctic
125	Stenostola ferrea ferrea (Schrank, 1776)	Kostenets	Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934	European-Anatolian
126	Tetrops praeustus praeustus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Rila Mt.	Heyrovský 1931	Transpalaearctic

Three taxa were previously reported under synonymous names: before revision of Danilevsky (2021), Stenurella bifasciata intermedia was reported as Stenurella bifasciata; recently described Purpuricenus kaehleri rossicus is distributed in Central and partly South Europe, including Bulgaria (Danilevsky 2021). Danilevsky (2019) mentioned that, in his collection, all materials of Leiopus nebulosus from Russia and adjacent countries, including Bulgaria, belong to recently described Leiopus linnei (Wallin et al. 2009).

The established cerambycid taxa belong to 18 areographical categories separated in seven complexes (Table 2).

Table 2.

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Areogeographic characterisation of cerambycids in Rila Mt.

Areographic categories and complexes	Number	Percentage
Holarctic complex	4	3.2
Transholarctic	4	3.2
Palaearctic complex	30	23.8
Transpalaearctic	24	19.0
West Palaearctic	6	4.8
Eurosiberian complex	17	13.5
Eurosiberian	10	7.9
West Eurosiberian	7	5.6
European-Iranoturanian complex	9	7.1
European-Iranoturanian	1	0.8
European-Iranian	7	5.5
East European-Iranian	1	0.8
European complex	47	37.3
Euromediterranean	9	7.1
European-Anatolian	20	15.9
European	15	11.9
East European	3	2.4
Mediterranean complex	14	11.1
Transmediterranean	2	1.6
North Mediterranean	2	1.6
East Mediterranean	1	0.8
Northeast Mediterranean	8	6.3
Pontomediterranean	1	0.8
Balkan endemic complex	5	4.0
Balkan endemics	5	4.0
Total	126	100.0

The taxa from the European complex are dominant in Rila Mt. (37.3%), followed by those from Palaearctic (23.8%), Eurosiberian (13.5%) and Mediterranean (11.1%) complexes (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Arealographic complexes of cerambycides in Rila Mt.

Discussion

The number of cerambycid taxa found in Rila Mt. (126 species and subspecies) is closest to that of Vitosha Mt. (122 taxa) (Topalov 2018). It is comparable to the number of cerambicides in other studied mountains in Bulgaria: Western Rhodopes (161 taxa) (Georgiev et al. 2006), West Balkan Range (107 taxa) (Georgiev 2011, Gradinarov and Petrova 2019) and Strandzha (154 taxa) (Georgiev et al. 2018).

In this study, the taxa of the European complex occupy a dominant position. They are connected with deciduous forests, which cover most of the mountainous territory of Rila. The second place is taken by the species and subspecies belonging to Palaearctic complex. These more euribiont taxa with broad areas of distribution normally are better presented in the high mountains, because of the harsh climatic conditions there. The third and fourth positions take taxa belonging to Eurosiberian and Mediterranean complexes. The high territories, mostly covered by coniferous trees and shrubs, are favourable for distribution of the Eurosiberian taxa. In the lower parts and along the rivers, conditions in Rila Mt. allow penetration of Mediterranean taxa. The refugial character of the region is underlined by the presence of five (4%) Balkan endemic cerambycids.

Similar aerographic characteristics of cerambycid fauna were established in Vitosha Mt. where European taxa (36.4%) take first place, followed by Palaearctic (20.6%), Eurosiberian (14.0%) and Mediterranean (12.4%) taxa (Topalov 2018). Vitosha with its elevation, oreographic patterns and vegetation is comparable to Rila Mt. Concerning the other two studied Mountains in Bulgaria - Strandzha (Georgiev et al. 2018) and Belasitsa (Georgiev et al. 2019), domination of European cerambycids was also established (33.1% and 38.2%, respectively), but the Mediterranean taxa take a greater share in both mountains (27.3% and 19.1%, respectively). In addition, European-Iranoturanian taxa are mostly represented in Strandzha Mt. (13.6%) compared to other mountains (7.2-11.1%). The level of Balkan and Bulgarian endemics is higher in Belasitsa Mt. – nine taxa (8.2%), followed by Rila Mt. – five taxa (4.0%), Strandzha Mt. – five taxa (3.3%) and Vitosha Mt. – two taxa (1.7%). Evidently, the conditions in Belasitsa Mt. and, especially, the distribution of relict forests of Castanea sativa, are the most suitable for occurrence of endemics there.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the finding of 126 taxa (approximately 45% of longhorn beetles in Bulgaria) indicates that this taxonomic group is not yet well-studied and about 50 species and subspecies are expected to be found in future investigations in Rila Mt.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the project ‘Structural and functional characteristics and perspectives for the use of endemic relict coniferous communities in the changing climate in Bulgaria, funded by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria (Grant no. KP-06-NP36/13/17.12.2019).

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Supplementary material

Endnotes