Biodiversity Data Journal : Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Data Paper (Biosciences)
Culicoides Latreille (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of Colombia: records from the collection of insects of medical importance from National Institute of Health
expand article infoErika Santamaria‡, Marco Fidel Súarez§, Ricardo Ortiz Gallego|, Patricia Fuya‡, Geraldine Páez, Catalina Marceló-Díaz#,‡
‡ Group of Entomology, National Institute of Health, Bogotá, Colombia
§ Pan American Health Organization, La Paz, Bolivia
| Sistema de Información sobre Biodiversidad de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
¶ Universidad Distrital, Bogotá, Colombia
# Universidad INCCA de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Medio Ambiente, Bogota, Colombia
Corresponding author: Catalina Marceló-Díaz (cmarcelod@unincca.edu.co )
Academic editor: Torsten Dikow
Received: 02 Aug 2021 | Accepted: 11 Mar 2022 | Published: 13 Jun 2024
© 2024 Erika Santamaria, Marco Súarez, Ricardo Ortiz Gallego, Patricia Fuya, Geraldine Páez, Catalina Marceló-Díaz
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Santamaria E, Súarez M, Ortiz Gallego R, Fuya P, Páez G, Marceló-Díaz C (2024) Culicoides Latreille (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of Colombia: records from the collection of insects of medical importance from National Institute of Health. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e72511. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e72511
 Open Access

Abstract

Background

The collection of insects of medical importance from the Instituto Nacional de Salud, INS (Bogotá, Colombia: https://www.ins.gov.co/Paginas/Inicio.aspx), was started in 1934 with the aim of being an institutional and national repository of the biodiversity of insects involved in vector-borne diseases of importance in public health. Today, the entomological collection includes more than 7,500 specimens.

The ceratopogonid insects are one group of Diptera that are represented in this collection. Within the Ceratopogonidae, the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 is relevant in public health because of the nuisance caused by their bites when they are presented in great abundance and because of their role as vectors of several agents (virus, protozoa and nematodes) that cause diseases to humans and to animals (Mellor et al. 2000, Mullen 2002). An overview of the Ceratopogonidae, represented in this collection, is presented here. A total of 801 individuals, mainly adults of the genus Culicoides (90%) are represented. The collection is the result of the effort of several researchers of the Group of Entomology at INS. These researchers collected ceratopogonids when they went to different transmission scenarios of vector-borne diseases in Colombia, with the purpose of making entomological characterisations including the processing, assembly and identification of the specimens in the laboratory.

New information

New information about the geographical distribution of 39 species of the genus Culicoides in Colombia. All data have been uploaded to GBIF and are publicly available there.

Keywords

Public Health, Ceratopogonidae, Oropouche virus infection, biting midges, entomology, species occurrence, Colombia, GBIF

Introduction

The family Ceratopogonidae comprises a large group of small Diptera represented worldwide by at least 6,206 extant and 296 fossil species (Borkent and Dominiak 2020). It is composed of four subfamilies, with the subfamily Ceratopogoninae being the most diverse in both number of genera and species. The subfamilies Forcipomyiinae, Dasyheleinae and Leptoconopinae have a much smaller species diversity. Regarding the food preferences of adult insects in the family Ceratopogonidae, males are nectarific, while the nutrition of females is diverse (González et al. 2014). Females of some genera may be predatory, especially on small flying insects of similar or smaller size and may also be ectoparasites of other insects, sucking the haemolymph from Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Odonata, phasmids, Neuroptera and Hemiptera, amongst others (Borkent 2004). However, the most studied groups are those that feed on blood from vertebrates, as are the genera Culicoides Latreille 1809, Leptoconops Skuse 1889 and Forcipomyia Meigen 1818, attacking mainly mammals, including humans and also birds, amphibians and reptiles (Szadziewski et al. 2011, González et al. 2014).

Focusing on the importance of the genus Culicoides, these insects are relevant in public health for the nuisance caused by their bites when there is a great abundance of them and for their role as vectors of various agents (viruses, protozoa and nematodes) that cause diseases to humans and animals (Harrup et al. 2015, Sick et al. 2019). In addition, depending on the degree of sensitivity of people to the saliva components of these biting midges, bites can cause dermatological reactions, ranging from papules and pustules as products of overinfection by scratching, to flaking with alteration of skin pigmentation (Forattini 1957, Sherlock 1965, Kettle 1995).

The most important disease transmitted by Culicoides to humans in the neotropics is the Oropouche virus (Negarnaviricota, Bunyaviridae), whose main vector is Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi, 1905) (Walsh et al. 2021). In Colombia, sera of febrile patients with antibodies to the Oropuche virus have been found in the departamentos de Santander and Cundinamarca (Suárez et al. 2008). The species of Culicoides can also transmit to humans the nematodes of the genus Mansonella (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) (Undiano 1966, Mullen 2002). In Colombia, Culicoides insinuatus Ortiz & León, 1955 is suspected as one of the possible vectors of Mansonella ozzardi Manson 1897, in the Amazon Region (Tidwell and Tidwell 1982). In animals, the most notable disease transmitted by Culicoides is the bluetongue, caused by an Orbivirus (Duplornaviricota: Reoviridae) that affects cattle and sheep. In Colombia, the abundance of C. insignis Lutz, 1913 has been associated with the transmission of the bluetongue virus found in cattle in Antioquia (Homan et al. 1985).

In addition, the biting nuisance caused by Culicoides in some areas of Colombia had been characterised. In the rural area of nine municipalities of Boyacá, it was confirmed that the nuisance was caused by Culicoides pachymerus Lutz, 1914, with biting rates of up to 52 females/person in 5 minutes (Santamaria et al. 2008). Another species that has been recorded by biting humans is Culicoides puracensis Wirth & Lee, 1967 in the Puracé moor, in Cauca (Rodriguez and Wirth 1986).

In relation to the knowledge of the biodiversity of species of the genus Culicoides in Colombia, three catalogues had been published reporting: the first, at least 88 species (Barreto 1986); the second, a list of 114 species confirmed and 66 species suspected may be in the country (Spinelli et al. 2009) and, finally, a third catalogue with 235 species of ceratopogonids, including 112 species of the genus Culicoides and 50 of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 (Spinelli and Wolff 2016).

General description

Purpose: 

The resource presented here contains the description and quantification of ceratopogonids (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from the collection of insects of medical importance from the Group of Entomology at National Institute of Health (INS), Bogotá-Colombia. In total, 801 individuals make up this dataset, mainly adults of the genus Culicoides (90%). The species occurrence data are publicly available at GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/es/dataset/40a8aeb8-cf10-40b8-878d-54e6804ae9f9).

Project description

Title: 

Entomological research applied to the surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases (Investigación entomológica aplicada a la vigilancia y control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores). This is a cross-sectional project from the Group of Entomology, in the framework of which, studies of outbreaks, epidemics and interdisciplinary studies of vector-borne disease transmission areas are continuously developed.

Personnel: 

A significant contribution in the field collection, insect mounting process and identification of the ceratopogonids in this dataset was made by: between 1963 and 1970 (Suárez MF, Martínez E, Marinkelle CJ, Young DG, de Osorno F, Lee VH); and between 1971 and 1980 (Ferro C, Beltrán B, Guerra E, Strum H, Tidwell MA, de Rodríguez MC, Lozano R, Lee VH). More recently, between 2006 and 2010, the study "Ecological aspects and evaluation of methods of control of Culicoides pachymerus (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)” was developed in the foothills of the Magdalena Valley of Boyacá, Colombia. In this study, ceratopogonids (adult and immature) were collected, some of which were included in the collection. Some researchers who participated in the study were Santamaría E, Ferro C, Carrasquilla MC, Zipa Y, Cabrera OL, Ahumada ML and Pardo R.

Funding: 

National Institute of Health (Colombia) and Minciencias.

Sampling methods

Description: 

Altogether 801 specimens are included in the dataset (Santamaria et al. 2020), mainly adults of the genera Culicoides (90%). It covers most of the Colombian territory, with records for 68.7% of the administrative areas in the country (Fig. 1). The regions with the highest number of records are Boyacá (217) and Tolima (166).

Figure 1.  

Colombian areas with Ceratopogonidae specimens present in the National Institute of Health (in grey).

Boyacá, with an area of 23,189 km², is the administrative division mainly represented in the collection with more than 15 sampled locations. The greatest diversity of species are found in Boyacá (25 species), followed by Tolima (13) and Valle del Cauca (13). The administrative areas without records were Atlántico, Córdoba, La Guajira, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Arauca, Casanare, Guainía and Vichada.

Sampling description: 

The ceratopogonid specimens in the collection of the National Institute of Health are the result of donations (e.g. paratypes of newly-described species) and collections made in field research carried out within the framework of vector-borne diseases study. Information about the sampling method of biting midges is available for 72.2% (n = 578) of collected specimens. The more common methods of sampling were human landing catches (43.4%) and light traps (28.7%). Other methodologies of sampling included Shannon trap, animal bait and CDC trap with CO2.

  • Human landing catches: a volunteer exposed a hand and forearm, whereas another person collected, with the aid of a brush dampened in alcohol, the Culicoides as soon as the insects settled on the exposed skin (Santamaria et al. 2008, Fig. 2)
Figure 2.  

Human landing catches for the capture of Culicoides spp.

  • Light traps: The vision of Culicoides and the ceratopogonids, in general, have not been well studied although its phototactic behaviour is of epidemiological importance (Allan et al. 1987). This behaviour is used widely to determine the presence, abundance and phenology (Kirkeby et al. 2013). Normally, the sampling is done by using CDC-type light traps with or without ultraviolet light installed near to stables or sheds where animals are located (Fig. 3).
Figure 3.  

Light traps for the capture of Culicoides spp.

Once the entomological sampling was carried out, the taxonomic identification of Culicoides was conducted, based on the wing pigmentation pattern and the original descriptions of the species (Wirth et al. 1988).

Quality control: 

In all the Culicoides catches, previously-designed formats were used to record field collection information. The taxonomic identification was advised by external technical experts when necessary. The records of the dataset were confirmed and verified one by one.

Before the specimen is deposited in the collection, the curators of the collection from the Group of Entomology review the information associated with the specimen, i.e. the locality, geographical coordinates, sex, stage of development and taxonomy. The minimum of required information to include a specimen in the collection is related with the standard Darwin Core and is the same as the minimum information to be published in GBIF.

Geographic coverage

Description: 

The collection of Ceratopogonidae includes 22 of the 32 administrative areas of Colombia. The specific collection location is available for 82.8% of the records. The digitised biting midge specimens are all from Colombia with the Andean natural Region at (63.9%), Amazonian Region (12.7%), Pacific Region (8.5%), Orinoquía Region (7.4%), Caribbean Region (4.5%) and Insular Region (0.6%), as shown in Fig. 4

Figure 4.  

Geographic distribution and density per locality of specimens deposited in the collection at the National Institute of Health.

From the data presented, there is only a record of altitude for adult specimens of Culicoides sp. collected in Monserrate, Bogotá (n = 19), the altitude recorded in the field being 3,230 m a.s.l. There is a register of altitude for the collections made in Boyacá and Cundinamarca .

The larvae (n = 55), collected in Boyacá (San Pablo de Borbur), were distributed in three groups: tribes Culicoidini (92.7%), Sphaeromiini (5.5%) and Ceratopogonini (1.8%), distributed in an altitudinal range between 437 and 439 m a.s.l.

The specimen occurrence data for all specimens are publicly accessible at GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/es/dataset/40a8aeb8-cf10-40b8-878d-54e6804ae9f9.

New information on the distribution of Culicoides species for Colombia

The following six Culicoides species were suspected in Colombia, but their specific location was unknown (Spinelli et al. 2009, Spinelli and Wolff 2016). Below are the new distribution reports in Colombia for each of these species:

C. ignacioi Forattini, 1957. Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá (n = 1); Cauca: López de Micay (n = 3); Putumayo: Puerto Leguízamo (n = 1) and Caquetá: Solano (n = 1).

C. iriartei Fox, 1952. Tolima: Coyaima (n = 2); Cundinamarca: Fusagasugá (n = 3) and Boyacá: San Pablo de Borbur (n = 1).

C. jamaicensis Edwards, 1922. Tolima: Coyaima (n = 3) and Cundinamarca: Medina (n = 1).

C. neoparaensis Tavares & Souza, 1978. Amazonas: Leticia (n = 6).

C. rostratus Wirth & Blanton, 1956. Meta: Villavicencio (n = 11) and Acacias (n = 2).

C. volcanensis Wirth & Blanton, 1959. Guaviare: San José del Guaviare (n = 1).

Additionally, this data paper updates the distribution in Colombia of another 33 species of ceratopogonids, most of them in the genus Culicoides. For each species, the new location report is presented as well as the number of specimens per locality.

C. alahialinus Barbosa, 1952. Antioquia: Apartadó (n = 2).

C. balsapambensis Ortíz & León, 1955. Boyacá: Pauna (n = 1).

C. castillae Fox, 1946. Tolima: Falan (n = 3).

C. covagarciai Ortiz, 1950. Boyacá: Togüí (n = 1); Meta: Acacias (n = 4) and Villavicencio (n = 4).

C. dasyophrus Macfie, 1940. Putumayo: Puerto Leguízamo (n = 2).

C. debilipalpis Lutz, 1913. San Andrés y Providencia: Providencia (n = 2); Meta: Villavicencio (n = 2); Cundinamarca: Sasaima (n = 1); Amazonas: El Encanto (n = 1), La Chorrera (n = 1); Boyacá: San Pablo de Borbur (n = 3) and Pauna (n = 2).

C. diabolicus Hoffman, 1925. Chocó: Bajo Baudó (n = 1); Meta: Villavicencio (n = 2).

C. dicrourus Wirth & Blanton, 1955. Tolima: Falan (n = 1).

C. eublepharus Macfie, 1948. Putumayo: Puerto Leguízamo (n = 1).

C. filarifer Hoffman, 1939. Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá (n = 2); Antioquia: Apartadó (n = 3); Putumayo: Puerto Leguízamo (n = 1).

C. florenciae Messersmith, 1972. Huila: Tello (n = 1), San Agustín (n = 1); Meta: Villavicencio (n = 1); Tolima: Mariquita (n = 1); Cauca: Lopez de Micay (n = 1).

C. foxi Ortiz, 1950. Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá (n = 2), Togüí (n = 19); Guaviare: San José del Guaviare (n = 7).

C. furens (Poey), 1853. Chocó: Bahía Solano (n = 3); San Andrés y Providencia: Providencia (n = 3); Magdalena: Sitionuevo (n = 2), Ciénaga (n = 3).

C. gabaldoni Ortiz, 1954. Antioquia: Turbo (n = 1).

C. hylas Macfie, 1940. Putumayo: Puerto Leguízamo (n = 1).

C. insignis Lutz, 1913. Bolívar: El Carmen de Bolívar (n = 3); Boyacá: Togüí (n = 2), San Pablo de Borbur (n = 2); Caquetá: Solano (n = 6); Cauca: López de Micay (n = 6); Chocó: Bajo Baudó (n = 9), Riosucio (n = 1); Cundinamarca: Medina (n = 16), Fusagasugá (n = 1); Tolima: Coyaima (n = 17).

C. insinuatus Ortíz & León, 1955. Tolima: Mariquita (n = 2), Armero (n = 1); Caquetá: Solano (n = 5).

C. leoni Barbosa, 1952. Boyacá: San Pablo de Borbur (n = 2); Bolívar: El Carmen de Bolívar (n = 1).

C. leopoldoi Ortiz, 1951. Antioquia: Apartadó (n = 1); Meta: Acacias (n = 1), Villavicencio (n = 1), Vista Hermosa (n = 1); Sucre: Tolú (n = 1); Chocó: Bajo Baudó (n = 1).

C. mirsae Ortiz, 1953. Antioquia: Carepa (n = 2), Necoclí (n = 2); Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá (n = 7), San Pablo de Borbur (n = 1), Pauna (n = 3); Cundinamarca: Caparrapí (n = 7), Útica (n = 9), La Mesa (n = 3); Tolima: Melgar (n = 19), Armero (n = 1).

C. pachymerus Lutz, 1914. Tolima: Armero (n = 11), Coyaima (n = 3), Mariquita (57), Prado (9); Antioquia: Turbo (n = 3); Boyacá: Muzo (n = 1), Pauna (n = 23), Puerto Boyacá (n = 2), San Pablo de Borbur (n = 7); Caldas: town near the river La Miel (n = 10); Cundinamarca: Caparrapí (n = 6); Vaupés: Mitú (n = 1).

C. paraensis (Goeldi), 1905. Boyacá: Pauna (n = 4), Puerto Boyacá (n = 24), San Pablo de Borbur (n = 24), Togüí (n = 1); Caldas: localidad cercana al rio La Miel (n = 2); Cesar: Valledupar (n = 5); Guaviare: San José del Guaviare (n = 3); Magdalena: Ciénaga (n = 11); Quindío: Armenia (n = 1); Santander: San Gil (n = 6); Tolima: Armero (n = 1).

C. paucienfuscatus Barbosa, 1947. Meta: Acacias (n = 1); Putumayo: Puerto Leguízamo (n = 1); Valle del Cauca: Buenaventura (n = 1); Vaupés: Mitú (n = 1).

C. phlebotomus (Williston), 1896. Sucre: Tolú (n = 3); Bolívar: Cartagena (n = 3); Huila: Neiva (n = 1).

C. pifanoi Ortiz, 1951. Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá (n = 1), Pauna (n = 3); Tolima: Mariquita (n = 1), Coyaima (n = 1); Cundinamarca: Caparrapí (n = 1).

C. plaumanni (Spinelli, 1993). Boyacá: Pauna (n = 1).

C. pseudodiabolicus Fox, 1946. Antioquia: Apartadó (n = 1); Cundinamarca: Caparrapí (n = 2), Sasaima (n = 1); Guaviare: San José del Guaviare (n = 1); Meta: Acacias (n = 2).

C. pusillus Lutz, 1913. Meta: Puerto López (n = 5), Acacias (n = 4); Caquetá: Solano (n = 1); Cesar: Valledupar (n = 4); Guaviare: San José del Guaviare (n = 1).

C. trinidadensis Hoffman, 1925. Huila: Neiva (n = 1); Tolima: Mariquita (n = 1), Melgar (n = 1); Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá (n = 1).

C. venezuelensis Ortiz & Mirsa, 1950. Cundinamarca: Bogotá (n = 7), La Calera (n = 4), Tabio (n = 2), Anolaima (n = 1); Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá (n = 1), Togüí (n = 2).

Forcipomyia genualis (Loew), 1866. Cundinamarca: Medina (n = 2).

Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) sp. Meta: Vistahermosa (n = 1); Guaviare: San José del Guaviare (n = 1).

Dasyhelea sp. Tolima: Coyaima (n = 2).

Coordinates: 

-3.530059 and 13.35325 Latitude; -81.373939 and -70.045137 Longitude.

Taxonomic coverage

Description: 

From 801 specimens, 701 are identified at the species level, 77 at the genus level, 2 at the subgenus level and 21 at the tribe level (Fig. 5).

Figure 5.  

Species of Ceratopogonidae in the collection of the National Institute of Health.

Stage of development: 90% of the records correspond to adults and 9.9% to larvae. The collection also includes the assembly of an egg.

Paratypes: As an important aspect to highlight, the dataset includes a total of 18 paratypes corresponding to the following species: C. youngi (n = 1), C. teretipalpis (n = 1), C. trapidoi (n = 1), C. puracensis (n = 1), C. eldridgei (n = 1), C. raposoensis (n = 3) and C. sanmartini (n = 10) (photos of some of these paratypes can be downloaded from the GBIF website). These paratypes were identified by Wirth W and Barreto P.

Taxa included:
Rank Scientific Name Common Name
species Culicoides (Oecacta) alahialinus Barbosa, 1952 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631166 Jején
species C. balsapambensis Ortíz & León, 1955 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632551 Jején
species C. caprilesi Fox, 1952 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632449 Jején
species C. castillae Fox, 1946 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632388 Jején
species C. (Anilomyia) covagarciai Ortiz, 1950 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632216 Jején
species C. dasyophrus Macfie, 1940 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632305 Jején
species C. (Haematomydium) debilipalpis Lutz, 1913 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631802 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) diabolicus Hoffman, 1925 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631578 Jején
species C. (Mataemyia) dicrourus Wirth & Blanton, 1955 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632276 Jején
species C. (Anilomyia) efferus Fox, 1952 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632141 Jején
species C. (Haematomydium) eldridgei Wirth & Barreto, 1978 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631431 Jején
species C. eublepharus Macfie, 1948 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632190 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) filarifer Hoffman, 1939 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631571 Jején
species C. florenciae Messersmith, 1972 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632129 Jején
species C. fluviatilis Lutz, 1914 https://www.gbif.org/species/168652777 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) foxi Ortiz, 1950 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631532 Jején
species C. (Oecacta) furens (Poey), 1853 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632498 Jején
species C. gabaldoni Ortiz, 1954 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632070 Jején
species C. galindoi Wirth & Blanton, 1953 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632056 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) heliconiae Fox & Hoffman, 1944 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631484 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) hylas Macfie, 1940 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631469 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) ignacioi Forattini, 1957 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631451 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz, 1913 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631477 Jején
species C. (Haematomydium) insinuatus Ortíz & León, 1955 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631830 Jején
species C. (Diphaomyia) iriartei Fox, 1952 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631880 Jején
species C. (Drymodesmyia) jamaicensis Edwards, 1922 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631886 Jején
species C. leoni Barbosa, 1952 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631772 Jején
species C. leopoldoi Ortiz, 1951 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631757 Jején
species C. (Diphaomyia) mirsae Ortiz, 1953 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631592 Jején
species C. monticola Wirth & Lee, 1967 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631574 Jején
species C. (Haematomydium) neoparaensis Tavares & Souza, 1978 https://www.gbif.org/species/1632322 Jején
species C. pachymerus Lutz, 1914 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631521 Moscacilla
species C. (Haematomydium) paraensis (Goeldi), 1905 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631418 Jején
species C. paucienfuscatus Barbosa, 1947 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631442 Jején
species C. (Macfiella) phlebotomus (Williston), 1896 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631220 Jején
species C. pifanoi Ortiz, 1951 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631413 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) plaumanni (Spinelli, 1993) https://www.gbif.org/species/1631700 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) pseudodiabolicus Fox, 1946 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631808 Jején
species C. (Avaritia) puracensis Wirth & Lee, 1967 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631965 Jején
species C. (Avaritia) pusillus Lutz, 1913 https://www.gbif.org/species/163400920 Jején
species C. (Cotocripus) raposoensis Wirth & Barreto, 1978 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631443 Jején
species C. (Anilomyia) rostratus Wirth & Blanton, 1956 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631568 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) sanmartini Wirth & Barreto, 1978 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631523 Jején
species C. teretipalpis Wirth & Barreto, 1978 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631460 Jején
species C. (Anilomyia) trapidoi Wirth & Barreto, 1978 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631511 Jején
species C. (Hoffmania) trinidadensis Hoffman, 1925 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631855 Jején
species C. (Psychophaena) venezuelensis Ortiz & Mirsa, 1950 https://www.gbif.org/species/10814340 Jején
species C. (Mataemyia) volcanensis Wirth & Blanton, 1959 Jején
species C. (Haematomydium) youngi Wirth & Barreto, 1978 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631414 Jején
tribe Ceratopogonini Kieffer, 1906 Jején
genus Dasyhelea sp. Kieffer, 1911 https://www.gbif.org/species/1635616?occurrenceDatasetOffset=10 Jején
species Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (Loew), 1866 https://www.gbif.org/species/1633755 Jején
subgenus Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) Kieffer, 1921 Jején
tribe Palpomyiini Enderlein, 1936 Jején
tribe Sphaeromiini Newman, 1834 Jején
genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 https://www.gbif.org/species/1631084 Jején
genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 https://www.gbif.org/species/1633624 Jején

Temporal coverage

Data range: 
1905-5-30 - 2008-3-11.
Notes: 

The Culicoides specimens, deposited in the collection of insects of medical importance from National Institute of Health, cover a timespan of 103 years between 1905 and 2008 (Fig. 6). This motivated us to designate this collection as an unique entity, which in fact is the result of heterogeneous entomological activities carried on by different collectors.

Figure 6.  

Temporal distribution of Culicoides specimens in the collection of the National Institute of Health (n = 753).

Collection data

Collection name: 
Collection of insects of medical importance
Collection identifier: 
INS http://rnc.humboldt.org.co/admin/index.php/registros/detail/845
Parent collection identifier: 
Unique National Registry of Biological Collections 056, Colombia
Specimen preservation method: 
microscopic preparation
Curatorial unit: 
Species collecting event

Usage licence

Usage licence: 
Other
IP rights notes: 

Open Data Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY-NC)

All data in the database can be freely used. Please cite this publication or the resource when using newly-presented data in your analyses.

Data resources

Data package title: 
Collection of insects of medical importance - Ceratopogonidae
Resource link: 
https://doi.org/10.15472/5psmbm
Alternative identifiers: 
https://www.gbif.org/es/dataset/40a8aeb8-cf10-40b8-878d-54e6804ae9f9
Number of data sets: 
1
Data set name: 
Ceratopogonidae
Character set: 
Occurrence
Data format: 
Darwin Core
Description: 

Summary of ecological traits for 801 Biting Midges species.

Column label Column description
occurrenceID An identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique ID, one should construct one from a combination of identifiers in the registry so that the biological registry ID approximates a persistent identifier.
catalogNumber An identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the dataset or collection.
basisOfRecord The specific nature of the data record.
type The nature or genre of the resource.
institutionCode The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
institutionID An identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
collectionCode The name, acronym, coden or initialism identifying the collection or dataset from which the record was derived.
collectionID An identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.
language Language of the resource.
scientificName The full scientific name, with authorship and date information, if known.
scientificNameAuthorship The authorship information for the scientificName.
taxonRank The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName.
higherClassification A list (concatenated and separated) of taxa names terminating at the rank immediately superior to the taxon referenced in the taxon record.
kingdom The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.
phylum The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified.
class The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.
order The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.
family The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.
verbatimTaxonRank The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName as it appears in the original record.
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates).
genus The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified.
subgenus The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the taxon is classified
georeferenceProtocol A description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates and uncertainties.
specificEpithet The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName.
lifeStage The life stage (egg, larvae, adult) of the specimen of the Occurrence.
typeStatus Status of the type. A list (concatenated and separated) of nomenclatural types (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject. Controlled vocabulary of terms (HOLOTYPE, LECTOTYPE, ISOTYPE, SINTYPE, PARATYPE, NEOTYPE, EPITYPE, TYPUS).
sex The sex of the specimen represented in the Occurrence.
identifiedBy A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
recordedBy A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups or organisations responsible for recording the original Occurrence.
georeferenceSources A list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers or other resources used to georeference the Location, described specifically enough to allow anyone in the future to use the same resources.
year The four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar.
month The ordinal month in which the Event occurred.
day The integer day of the month on which the Event occurred.
eventDate The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred.
samplingProtocol The name of, reference to, or description of the method or protocol used during an Event.
country The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs.
countryCode The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs.
stateProvince The name of the next smaller administrative region than country in which the Location occurs.
county The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince in which the Location occurs.
decimalLatitude The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location.
decimalLongitude The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location.
geodeticDatum The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based.
locality The specific description of the place. Less specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms.
georeferenceRemarks Notes or comments about the spatial description determination, explaining assumptions made in addition or opposition to the those formalised in the method referred to in georeferenceProtocol.

Additional information

We consider it important to disclose the complete list of this historical collection of the Group of Entomology (INS) because of the importance in public health of Ceratopogonidae insects. We expect that this resource can serve as a reference for further studies of the biodiversity of these insects in Colombia and the Neotropics.

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge all researchers who, through the history of the collection of insects of medical importance from the National Institute of Health of Colombia contributed to strengthen the group of insects of the family Ceratopogonidae. We are also grateful to the Sistema de Información sobre Biodiversidad de Colombia (SiB Colombia) for motivating us to disseminate the information from our insect collection. Finally, the authors are deeply grateful to the peer reviewer whom helped with the improvement of the manuscript.

Author contributions

Erika Santamaría conceived the study, collected field data and wrote the manuscript; Marco Fidel Suarez collected field data, carried out taxonomical confirmation of species, reviewed and edited the manuscript; Ricardo Ortiz, systematised data, improved the data quality, provided bioinformatics skills and publication support; Patricia Fuya reviewed and editing the manuscript; Geraldine Paez systematised data, corrected the database; Catalina Marceló, systematised data, provided bioinformatics skills, analysed data and wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the manuscript.

References

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