Open datasets wanted for tracking the insect decline: let’s start from saproxylic beetles

Alessandro Campanaro; Francesco Parisi

doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e72741

Biodiversity Data Journal : Data Paper (Biosciences)

PDF

Data Paper (Biosciences)

Open datasets wanted for tracking the insect decline: let’s start from saproxylic beetles

Alessandro Campanaro^‡, Francesco Parisi^§

‡ Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Firenze, Italy

§ GeoLAB - Laboratory of Forest Geomatics, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy

Corresponding author: Francesco Parisi (francesco.parisi@unifi.it)

Academic editor: David Bilton

Received: 08 Aug 2021 | Accepted: 28 Oct 2021 | Published: 02 Nov 2021

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

Citation: Campanaro A, Parisi F (2021) Open datasets wanted for tracking the insect decline: let’s start from saproxylic beetles. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e72741. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e72741

Abstract

Background

We present six datasets of saproxylic beetles collected between 2012 and 2018 in Central and Southern Italian forests. Saproxylics represent one of the main components in forest ecosystems in terms of diversity, species richness and functional traits and, for this reason, they are an important target group for studying the modification of forests over time. The datasets consist of annotated checklists and were published on Zenodo repository.

New information

Overall, 1,171 records are published, corresponding to 918 taxa (taxonomy at species or subspecies level). The taxa are scarcely shared amongst the areas, 80.2% of them are exclusive, indicating that the beetle communities are substantially different. In consideration of the biodiversity crisis we are passing through, which is especially dramatic for the insects, we want to promotecollaboration amongst researchers for making datasets available in open repositories. This will improve the possibility for researchers and forest managers of analysing the state of species distribution that could serve for long-term studies on the variation of insect communities. We encourage repeating species assessment in the same localities in order to evaluate the trends in insect communities over time and space.

Keywords

biodiversity crisis, datasets, forest ecosystems, insect communities, Zenodo repository

Introduction

The insect decline is one of the most crucial biological crises we are facing in the Anthropocene (Wagner et al. 2021).

Insects are affected by a global decline in terms of individual abundance as demonstrated by much experimental evidence: a change in aerial insect biomass in outhern Britain have been analysed over 31 years by Shortall et al. (2009); Hallmann et al. (2017) registered a decline of 76% in flying insect biomass over 27 years in protected nature areas in Germany; Lister and Garcia (2018), comparing arthropod biomass captured in 1976 with samples of 2011, 2012 and 2013 in a rainforest in Puerto Rico, found values from 4 to 8 times lower.

The decrease in insect species number has also been the object of several studies: Forister et al. (2010) analysed 30 years of butterfly presence-absence data in western North America and found a decline of richness at the lowest-elevation sites; Biesmeijer et al. (2006) found a significant fall in diversity in Britain and The Netherlands pre-versus post-1980 in a study on the insect extinction determined by urbanisation; Fattorini (2011) calculated an impressive decline of species amongst butterflies (i.e. Cacyreus marshalli), tenebrionid beetles (i.e. Alphitophagus bifasciatus, Gnatocerus cornutus, Latheticus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum and Alphitobius diaperinus) and scarabaeoids from 1885 to 1999, even if with different patterns; over two decades, the European Butterfly Indicator shows a dramatic loss of grassland biodiversity (half of the species has declined) (Van Swaay et al. 2010).

In their comprehensive review, Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys 2019 have estimated that the current proportion of insect species in decline (41%) is twice as high as that of vertebrates and the pace of local species extinction (10%) is eight times higher. Insects are facing an unprecedented decline, which has globally reached alarming proportions, especially in the last two decades: even a third of the considered beetle species are at risk of extinction and almost half of studied bees and ants is threatened (Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys 2019).

mportant evidence of the insect decline comes from the number of threatened species reported by the IUCN European Red Lists (Table 1) that ranges from 9% to 26% as a proportion of the total number of species assessed at European level for taxonomic groups. These documents provide other significant data, the high number of “data deficient” records (i.e. species whose sufficient knowledge in terms of life cycles and ecological traits is too poor and there were no assessments according with the IUCN criteria) indicating that decline of the most common species is generally neglected. In some cases (i.e. bees, Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Melittidae families), for more than half of the species, the available data are not sufficient (Table 1). Globally, of more than 1 million of the estimated number of species, only 0.9% have yet been evaluated by IUCN.

Table 1.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

Number in % of threatened species reported by the IUCN European Red Lists.

Insect group	Threatened species all Europe, %	Threatened species EU27/28 level, %	Data deficient all Europe, %	Data deficient EU27/28 level, %	Reference
Saproxylic beetles	17.9	21.7	24.4	20.4	Calix et al. (2018)
Grasshoppers, crickets and bush-crickets	25.7	28	10	8.5	Hochkirch et al. (2016)
Dragonflies	15	16.4	3.6	2.2	Kalkman et al. (2010)
Bees	9.2	9.1	56.7	55.6	Nieto et al. (2014)
Butterflies	9	7	0.9	0.9	Van Swaay et al. (2010)

Insect group	Threatened species		Data deficient		Reference
Mediterranean butterflies	5		6		Numa et al. (2016)

Europe is aware of this phenomenon; the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 (Brussels, 20.5.2020 COM(2020) 380 final) highlights the alarming decline of insects, particularly pollinators and their role as key indicators of the health of agroecosystems. It states the full implementation of the EU Pollinators initiative (Brussels, 1.6.2018 COM (2018) 395 final) and the reversion of the decline in pollinators by 2030.

To make the strategy effective, an analysis of drivers for the insect decline (Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys 2019) should be associated with long term monitoring plans and collection of diversity data. At the moment, very few standardised datasets are available for long-term analysis and spatial records of insects are very scarce worldwide (Rocha-Ortega et al. 2021). Our data paper proposes to answer the call of “urgent need of data”, which is particularly needed for insects with no economic value, launched by Wagner (2020) and to the appeal launched by Cardoso et al. (2020), for urgent actions towards insect extinctions which includes the necessity to fill many gaps in the knowledge of species presence and distribution. Moreover, we encourage using our datasets as point “0” for further investigations.

In this paper, we focus on the communities of beetles inhabiting the Italian forests. Amongst them, the saproxylics represent one of the main components, in terms of diversity, species richness and functional traits (Parisi et al. 2018, Seibold et al. 2021, Thorn et al. 2020). Many species of saproxylics in the adult phase also play a role as pollinators: 16% of the saproxylics of England, Wales and Scotland (Falk 2021). Even though many research groups are actively involved in analysing the saproxylic fauna and many researchers have been published in the fields of taxonomy, systematics and ecology, nature conservation and checklist of species for the Italian forests are scarcely available. It results in the impossibility of tracking the modification of insect communities over time.

To start the job in this direction, we published the datasets of saproxylic species occurrence coming from field experiments carried out between 2012 and 2018 in central and southern Italian forests.

General description

Purpose:

We wish to promote collaboration amongst researchers for making datasets on saproxylic beetles available in open repositories. This will improve the possibility for researchers and forest managers of analysing the state of species distribution and presence that could serve for long term studies on the variation of insect communities.

Project description

Sampling methods

Description:

The datasets include information of species collected in six forested sites of the Apennines, corresponding to 15 plots (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Map of the study sites located in central and southern Italy.

Forest typologies fall into five EUNIS habitat types (European Environmental Agency, EUNIS Habitat Classification 2017): Fagus forest on non-acid soils, Southern Apennine Abies alba forests, Thermophilous deciduous woodland, southern Italian Fagus forests, Coppice and early-stage plantations. Forest areas also differ for the actual and historical management: from uneven unmanaged forests, coppice stands to traditional orchards (Fig. 2). Some of the study areas are included in Natura 2000 sites, National Parks or UNESCO sites (Table 2). A detailed description of the study areas is reported in research papers that have been published on the basis of these datasets (Parisi et al. 2016, Parisi et al. 2019, Parisi et al. 2020a, Parisi et al. 2020b, Parisi et al. 2020cSabatini et al. 2016 ,Zanetti and Parisi 2019).

Table 2.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

Annotated list of the study sites from which the data originated. ¹Datum: WGS84.

Study sites	Sampling site	No. of plots	Sampling year	Natura 2000 site	Protected area	Lat¹	Long¹	EUNIS Habitat type	Forest management
Gran Sasso	Incodara	1	2013, 2016	IT7110202 “Gran Sasso”	Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park	42.5123	13.4735	Fagus forest on non-acid soils	Unmanaged forest
Gran Sasso	Prati di Tivo	1	2013, 2016	IT7110202 “Gran Sasso”	Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park	42.5096	15.5679	Fagus forest on non-acid soils	Unmanaged forest
Gran Sasso	Venacquaro	1	2013, 2016	IT7110202 “Gran Sasso”	Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park	42.4988	13.5139	Fagus forest on non-acid soils	Unmanaged forest
Abeti Soprani	Abeti Soprani	1	2012 and 2013			41.8608	14.2936	Southern Apennine Abies alba forests	Unmanaged forest
Bosco Pennataro	Bosco Pennataro	1	2014 and 2015		UNESCO "Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo-Alto Molise"	41.7489	14.1972	Thermophilous deciduous woodland	Unmanaged forest
Matese	Matese	4	2018	IT7222287 “La Gallinola - Monte Miletto - Monti del Matese”	Matese National Park	41.4522	14.3503	Southern Italian Fagus forests	Managed forest
Cilento	Monti Alburni	1	2013, 2016	IT8050033 “Monti Alburni”	Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni National Park	40.5136	15.3292	Fagus forest on non-acid soils	Unmanaged forest
Cilento	Monti Alburni	1	2013, 2016	IT8050033 “Monti Alburni”	Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni National Park	40.4705	15.4317	Fagus forest on non-acid soils	Unmanaged forest
Cilento	Monte Motola	1	2013, 2016	IT8050028 “Monte Motola”	Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni National Park	40.3761	15.4694	Fagus forest on non-acid soils	Unmanaged forest
Aspromonte	Coppice stand	2	2017			38.1802	15.7843	Coppice and early-stage plantations	Agroforestry system
Aspromonte	Fruit orchard	1	2017			38.0602	15.7816	Coppice and early-stage plantations	Agroforestry system

Figure 2.

A graphical representation of forest ecosystems studied (drawings by G. Parisi).

Geographic coverage

Description:

The study covers forests sited in central and southern Italy along a latitudinal gradient (Fig. 1).

Coordinates:

38.18 S and 42.5096 N Latitude; 13.5679 W and 15.784167 E Longitude.

Taxonomic coverage

Traits coverage

Temporal coverage

Collection data

Collection name:

The insects were collected using flight interception traps and emergence traps from 2012 to 2018. Flight interception traps are made by transparent panes of 60x40 cm and they were left active from May to September and checked with a periodicity of 30 days. Emergence traps are made by breathable plastic bags enveloping a portion of deadwood (1 m long) and were connected to a jar for the collection of emerging insects. Materials have been preserved in alcohol (70%) and then mounted (on cards and pinned) and dried for identification at species level. The taxomomy of the species (Family, Scientific Name and Authorship) were provided by the entomology specialists (see Acknowledgements). All the scientific names and authorships have been, subsequently, validated and harmonised following the Fauna Europea Database. The entomological material is preserved at the Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI) - University of Florence.

Usage licence

Usage licence:

Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)

Data resources

Data package title:

Annotated checklists of beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera)

Number of data sets:

Data set name:

Annotated checklists of beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera)

Description:

The datasets consist of annotated checklists of beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) and were published on Zenodo repository (Table 3). Overall, 1,171 records are published, corresponding to 918 taxa (taxonomy at species or subspecies level). The taxa are scarcely shared amongst the areas, 80.2% of them are exclusive, indicating that the beetle communities are substantially different. The fields used for the datasets follows the Darwin Core vocabulary (Darwin Core Maintenance), the list of used terms and their adoption for the information recorded in our datasets are described below: catalogNumber (a unique identifier number associated with the biological entity in that catalogue), order, family, scientificName (genus species or genus sp. or genus species subspecies of the biological entity), scientificNameAuthorship, individualCount (total number of the individuals sampled), measurementDeterminedDate (year(s) of sampling), Country, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, geodeticDatum, locality, habitat (habitat type according to EUNIS habitat classification 2017), samplingProtocol, recordedBy, identifiedBy, dynamicProperties (IUCN Red List categories), associatedReferences, scientificNameID (the unique identifier for the species, if the specific names does not match with any name in the Fauna Europea Database, the field is NA and the scientificName reported corresponds to the name indicated by the entomology specialist) and taxonID. For datasets of the study area Gran Sasso, Cilento and Aspromonte, the fields decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, geodeticDatum are not provided; the geographic coordinates are described in the Upload Description.

Table 3.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

List of the datasets published on Zenodo.

Dataset name	doi	Dataset compiled by	Published papers
Annotated checklist of the beetles of Abeti Soprani, a silver fir forest of central Italy	10.5281/zenodo.3787025	Campanaro et al. (2020a)	Parisi et al. (2016) Parisi et al. (2020b)
Annotated checklist of the beetles of three beech forests in Gran Sasso National Park, central Italy	10.5281/zenodo.4310155	Campanaro et al. (2020b)	Zanetti and Parisi (2019) Sabatini et al. (2016) Parisi et al. (2021)
Annotated checklist of the beetles of three beech forests in Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni National Park, southern Italy	10.5281/zenodo.4302220	Campanaro et al. (2020f)	Zanetti and Parisi (2019) Sabatini et al. (2016) Parisi et al. (2021)
Annotated checklist of the beetles of the broadleaved forest Bosco Pennataro, central Italy	10.5281/zenodo.4303930	Campanaro et al. (2020c)	Parisi et al. (2019) Parisi et al. (2020b)
Annotated checklist of the beetles of beech forests in Matese National Park, central Italy	10.5281/zenodo.4304401	Campanaro et al. (2020d)	Parisi et al. (2020a)
Annotated checklist of the beetles of chestnut agroforestry systems in Aspromonte, southern Italy	10.5281/zenodo.4304025	Campanaro et al. (2020e)	Parisi et al. (2020c) Toma and Parisi (2021)

Datasets are in the form of .csv files.

In the published papers which refer to these datasets (Table 3), the trophic categories for the saproxylic species are reported, while analysing of the trophic interactions have been considered in Parisi et al. (2019) and Parisi et al. (2020c), giving the opportunity, if the survey is to be repeated, to obtain information on the change of ecological network as suggested by Petsopoulus et al. (2021).

Column label	Column description
Records	Zenodo repository

Additional information

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the specialists of the various taxonomic groups: Paolo Audisio (Nitidulidae), Alessandro Bruno Biscaccianti (Alexiidae, Biphylidae, Cerylonidae, Dascillidae, Dermestidae, Erotylidae, Eucemidae, Laemophloeidae, Lathridiidae, Lucanidae, Mycetophagidae, Salpingidae, Scirtidae, Sphindidae, Tenebrionidae, Trogossitidae), Maurizio Biondi (Chrysomelidae Alticinae), Enzo Colonnelli (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Curculionidae), Massimo Faccoli (Curculionidae Scolytinae), Fabrizio Fanti (Cantharidae, Lampyridae), Leonardo Latella (Leiodidae Cholevinae), Gianfranco Liberti (Melyridae), Gianluca Nardi (Anthicidae, Dytiscidae, Ptinidae Hedobiini and Ochinini), Gianluca Magnani (Buprestidae), Eugenio Pacieri (Silphidae), Emanuele Piattella (Scarabaeidae), Giuseppe Platia (Elateridae), Roberto Poggi (Staphylinidae Pselaphinae), Pierpaolo Rapuzzi (Cerambycidae (pars)), Enrico Ruzzier (Mordellidae, Scraptiidae), Gianfranco Salvato (Biphyllidae, Mycetophagidae (pars), Zopheridae (pars)), Augusto Vigna Taglianti (Carabidae), Luciano Toma (Chrysomelidae Bruchinae) and Adriano Zanetti (Staphylinidae (pars)).

We are grateful to Marco Marchetti, Roberto Tognetti, Bruno Lasserre (Università degli Studi del Molise, Italy) and Fabio Lombardi (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy) for scientific and technical support and to Cristiano Castaldi (Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy) for the graphic elaborations.

References

Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SP, Reemer M, Ohlemller R, Edwards M, Peeters T, Schaffers AP, Potts SG, Kleukers R, Thomas CD, J. S, Kunin WE (2006)

Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and The Netherlands

Science

(

313

Calix M, Alexander KN, Nieto A, Dodelin B, Soldati F, Telnov D, Vazquez-Albalate X, Aleksandrowicz O, Audisio P, Istrate P, Jansson N, Legakis A, Liberto A, Makris C, Merkl O, Mugerwa Pettersson R, Schlaghamersky J, Bologna MA, Brustel H, Buse J, Novk V, Purchart L (2018)

European Red List of saproxylic beetles

European Red List of Saproxylic Beetles, IUCN, Brussels, Belgium.

Campanaro A, Oggioni A, Parisi F (2020a)

Annotated checklist of the beetles of Abeti Soprani, a silver fir forest of Central Italy

Zenodo

Campanaro A, Oggioni A, Parisi F (2020b)

Annotated checklist of the beetles of three beech forests in Gran Sasso National Park

Zenodo

Campanaro A, Oggioni A, Parisi F (2020c)

Annotated checklist of the beetles of the broadleaved forest Bosco Pennataro

Zenodo

Campanaro A, Oggioni A, Parisi F (2020d)

Annotated checklist of the beetles of beech forests in Matese National Park

Zenodo

Campanaro A, Oggioni A, Parisi F (2020e)

Annotated checklist of the beetles of chestnut agroforestry systems in Aspromonte

Zenodo

Campanaro A, Oggioni A, Parisi F (2020f)

Annotated checklist of the beetles of three beech forests in Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni National Park, Southern Italy

Zenodo

Cardoso P, Barton P, Birkhofer K, Chichorro F, Deacon C, Fartmann T, Fukushima C, Gaigher R, Habel J, Hallmann C, Hill M, Hochkirch A, Kwak M, Mammola S, Noriega JA, Orfinger A, Pedraza F, Pryke J, Roque F, Settele J, Simaika J, Stork N, Suhling F, Vorster C, Samways M (2020)

Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions

Biological Conservation

242

108426

. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108426

Falk S (2021)

A review of the pollinators associated with decaying wood, old trees and tree wounds in Great Britain

Fattorini S (2011)

Insect extinction by urbanization: A long term study in Rome

Biological Conservation

144

(

Forister M, McCall A, Sanders N, Fordyce J, Thorne J, O’Brien J, Waetjen D, Shapiro A (2010)

Compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

107

(

2088

‑

2092

. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909686107

Hallmann CA, Sorg M, Jongejans E, Siepel H, Hofland N, Schwan H, Stenmans W, Mller A, Sumser H, Hrren T, Goulson D, Kroon D (2017)

More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in 140 protected areas

PLOS One

(

Hochkirch A, Nieto A, Garca Criado M, Clix M, Braud Y, Buzzetti FM, Chobanov D, Od B, Presa Asensio JJ, Willemse L, Zuna-Kratky T, Barranco Vega P, Bushell M, Clemente ME, Correas JR, Dusoulier F, Ferreira S, Fontana P, Garca MD, Heller K-, I.. I, Ivkovi S, Kati V, Kleukers R, Kritn A, Lemonnier-Darcemont M, Lemos P, Massa B, Monnerat C, Papapavlou KP, Prunier F, Pushkar T, Roesti C, Rutschmann F, irin D, Skejo J, Szvnyi G, Tzirkalli E, Vedenina V, Barat Domenech J, Barros F, Cordero Tapia PJ, Defaut B, Fartmann T, Gomboc S, Gutirrez-Rodrguez J, Holua J, Illich I, Karjalainen S, Korek P, Korsunovskaya O, Liana A, Lpez H, Morin D, Olmo-Vidal JM, Pusks G, Savitsky V, Stalling T, Tumbrinck J (2016)

European Red List of grasshoppers, crickets and bush-crickets

Publications Office of the European Union

Kalkman V, Boudot J-, Bernard R, Conze K-J, De Knijf G, Dyatlova E, Ferreira S, Jovi M, Ott J, Riservato E, Sahln G (2010)

European Red List of dragonflies

Publications Office of the European Union

Lister BC, Garcia A (2018)

Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.

115

(

Nieto A, Roberts SP, Kemp J, Rasmont P, Kuhlmann M, Garca Criado M, Biesmeijer JC, Bogusch P, Dathe HH, Ra P, De Meulemeester TM, Dewulf A, Ortiz-Snchez FJ, Lhomme P, Pauly A, Potts SG, Praz C, Quaranta M, Radchenko VG, Scheuchl E, Smit J, Straka J, Terzo M, Tomozii B, Window J, Michez D (2014)

European Red List of bees

European Red List of bees, Publication Office of the European Union

Numa C, Swaay C, Wynhoff I, Wiemers M, Barrios V, Allen D, Sayer C, Lpez Munguira M, Balletto E, Benyamini D, Beshkov S, Bonelli S, Caruana R, Dapporto L, Franeta F, Garcia-Pereira P, Karaetin E, Katbeh Bader A, Maes D, Micevski N, Miller R, Monteiro E, Moulai R, Nieto A, Pamperis L, Per G, Power A, M, Thompson K, Tzirkalli E, Verovnik R, Warren M, Welch H (2016)

The status and distribution of Mediterranean butterflies

IUCN, Malaga, Spain.

https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2016.MRA.6.en

Parisi F, Lombardi F, Sciarretta A, Tognetti R, Campanaro A, Marchetti M, Trematerra P (2016)

Spatial patterns of saproxylic beetles in a relic silver fir forest (Central Italy), relationships with forest structure and biodiversity indicators

Forest Ecology and Management

381

Parisi F, Pioli S, Lombardi F, Fravolini G, Marchetti M, Tognetti R (2018)

Linking deadwood traits with saproxylic invertebrates and fungi in European forests a review

iForest

Parisi F, Di Febbraro M, Lombardi F, Biscaccianti AB, Campanaro A, Tognetti R, Marchetti M (2019)

Relationships between stand structural attributes and saproxylic beetle abundance in a Mediterranean broadleaved mixed forest

Forest Ecology and Management

432

Parisi F, Platia G, Mancini M, De Cristofaro A (2020a)

Confirmation of Crepidophorus mutilatus (Rosenhauer, 1847) in Italy with Notes on Its Distribution and Conservation

The Coleopterists Bulletin

(

Parisi F, Frate L, Lombardi F, Tognetti R, Campanaro A, Biscaccianti AB, Marchetti M (2020b)

Diversity patterns of Coleoptera and saproxylic communities in unmanaged forests of Mediterranean mountains

Ecological Indicators

110

Parisi F, Lombardi F, Marziliano Pasquale A, Russo D, De Cristofaro A, Marchetti M, Tognetti R (2020c)

Diversity of saproxylic beetle communities in chestnut agroforestry systems

iForest

Parisi F, Innangi M, Tognetti R, Lombardi F, Chirici G, Marchetti M (2021)

Forest stand structure and coarse woody debris determine the biodiversity of beetle communities in Mediterranean mountain beech forests

Global Ecology and Conservation

Petsopoulus D, Lunt DH, Bell JR, Kitson JJ, Collins L, Boonham N, Morales-Hojas R, Evans DM (2021)

Using network ecology to understand and mitigate long-term insect declines

Ecological Entomology

https://doi.org/10.1111/een.13035

Rocha-Ortega M, Rodriguez P, Crdoba-Aguilar A (2021)

Geographical, temporal and taxonomic biases in insect GBIF data on biodiversity and extinction

Ecological Entomology

Sabatini FM, Burrascano S, Azzella MM, Barbati A, De Paulis S, Di Santo D, Facioni L, Giuliarelli D, Lombardi F, Maggi O, Mattioli W, Parisi F, Persiani A, Ravera S, Blasi C (2016)

One taxon does not fit all: Herb-layer diversity and stand structural complexity are weak predictors of biodiversity in Fagus sylvatica forests

Ecological Indicators

Sanchez-Bayo F, Wyckhuys KA (2019)

Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers

Biological Conservation

232

‑

. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.020

Seibold S, Rammer W, Hothorn T, Seidl R, Ulyshen M, Lorz J, Cadotte M, Lindenmayer D, Adhikari Y, Aragón R, Bae S, Baldrian P, Barimani Varandi H, Barlow J, Bässler C, Beauchêne J, Berenguer E, Bergamin R, Birkemoe T, Boros G, Brandl R, Brustel H, Burton P, Cakpo-Tossou Y, Castro J, Cateau E, Cobb T, Farwig N, Fernández R, Firn J, Gan KS, González G, Gossner M, Habel J, Hébert C, Heibl C, Heikkala O, Hemp A, Hemp C, Hjältén J, Hotes S, Kouki J, Lachat T, Liu J, Liu Y, Luo Y, Macandog D, Martina P, Mukul S, Nachin B, Nisbet K, O’Halloran J, Oxbrough A, Pandey JN, Pavlíček T, Pawson S, Rakotondranary J, Ramanamanjato J, Rossi L, Schmidl J, Schulze M, Seaton S, Stone M, Stork N, Suran B, Sverdrup-Thygeson A, Thorn S, Thyagarajan G, Wardlaw T, Weisser W, Yoon S, Zhang N, Müller J (2021)

The contribution of insects to global forest deadwood decomposition

Nature

597

(

7874

‑

. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03740-8

Shortall CR, Moore A, Smith E, Hall MJ, Woiwod IP, Harrington R (2009)

Long-term changes in the abundance of flying insects

Insect Conservation and Diversity

(

Thorn S, Seibold S, Leverkus AB, Mller J, Noss RF, Stork N, Vogel S, Lindenmayer DB (2020)

The living dead: acknowledging life after tree death to stop forest degradation

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

505

‑

512

. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2252

Toma L, Parisi F (2021)

New records of seed beetles (Chrysomelidae Bruchinae) of the Aspromonte National Park; a study in the Calabrian Apennines, Italy

Redia

104

155

‑

159

. https://doi.org/10.19263/redia-104.21.16

Van Swaay C, Cuttelod A, Collins S, Maes D, Munguira ML, Šašić M, Settele J, Verovnik R, Verstrael T, Warren M, Wiemers M, Wynhoff I (2010)

European Red List of butterflies

European Red List of Butterflies. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

Wagner DL (2020)

Insect decline in the Anthropocene: Death by a thousand cuts

Annual Review of Entomology

Wagner DL, Grames EM, Forister ML, Berenbaum MR, Stopak D (2021)

Insect decline in the Anthropocene: Death by a thousand cuts

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

118

(

). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023989118

Zanetti A, Parisi F (2019)

Records of rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Gran Sasso and Cilento protected areas in Central and Southern Apennines (Italy)

Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana

151

(

Supplementary material

Endnotes