Biodiversity Data Journal :
Research Article
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Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Michelle Hamer
Received: 15 Dec 2015 | Accepted: 23 Feb 2016 | Published: 02 Mar 2016
© 2016 Vesela Evtimova, Ivan Pandourski
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Evtimova V, Pandourski I (2016) Rotifers and lower crustaceans from South-western Iceland. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7522. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7522
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Iceland has high availability of freshwater, and it is rich in brackish and coastal aquatic bodies. However, knowledge on rotifers and meiobenthic and planktonic crustaceans inhabiting these habitats is lacking, and the inland aquatic fauna in Iceland is relatively understudied in comparison with the fauna of adjacent marine ecosystems. The majority of past research focused on larger lakes with the exception of one study on rotifers from the 1950s (
We studied the composition of selected invertebrate taxa in various aquatic (marine, brackish and freshwater) habitats from South-western Iceland with a focus on Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda. Samples were collected from 12 localities, including marine interstitial, freshwater temporary shallow pools, swamps, wet mosses, springs, and lakes (both brackish and freshwater). We found 39 taxa in total. Rotifera dominated the sampled water bodies, followed by Copepoda and Cladocera. Three of the recorded taxa are new for Iceland, of which two are rotifers [Trichocerca cf. mucosa (Stokes, 1896) and T. vernalis (Hauer, 1936)], and one is a marine copepod (Cyclopina gracilis Claus, 1862). For some of the sampled localities (Sikið and Leirvogsvatn Lakes, and some of the smaller habitats) we present the first data on their microinvertebrate fauna.
Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, Iceland, new records, marine, brackish, freshwater
Iceland is one of the countries with the highest freshwater availability according to UNEP's Vital water graphics (http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152861/). Additionally, being an island, it is rich in coastal brackish and saline aquatic habitats. However, little is known about the microcrustaceans and rotifers inhabiting these numerous habitats. The freshwater fauna of Iceland is relatively understudied compared to the fauna of adjacent marine ecosystems. Exhaustive sampling of deep-sea fauna was conducted within the inter-Nordic BIOICE project. As a result,
The first data on freshwater microinvertebrate fauna of Iceland date back to the 19th century (
Our study presents data on taxa composition of Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda in various aquatic habitats from South-western Iceland, including marine interstitial, wet bryophytes, springs, brackish and freshwater ponds and lakes.
Samples were collected from various aquatic habitats from South-western Iceland. The sampling sites included marine interstitial habitat, puddles, swamps, freshwater or brackish lakes (Table
Locations and dates of sampling with coordinates and notes on water body type, habitat and substratum.
Site | Date | Collection method | Habitat/ substratum sampled | Notes | Coordinates |
No. | |||||
1 | 02.07.2004 | Sieving | Marine interstitial, coarse sand | Garðskagaviti lighthouse; low tide | 64°04'57.68"N, 22°41'36.08"W |
2 | 08.07.2004 | Hand-held net | Brackish lake, water column | Bessastaðatjörn Lake, coastal, shallow, coarse volcanic sand, macrophytes; | 64°06'26.02"N, 21°59'43.79"W |
3 | 29.06.2004 | Hand-held net | Freshwater swamp, scraping overgrown stones | Small, c/a 200 m from Sandgerði Marine Centre | 64°02'41.29"N, 22°42'45.64"W |
4 | 29.06.2004 | Hand-held net | Freshwater swamp, near the bottom | Small, beside Sandgerði Marine Centre, towards the sea; polluted | 64°02'42.08"N, 22°42'45.14"W |
5 | 30.06.2004 | Hand-held net | Puddle overgrown by grass | Beside Sandvíkurtjörn Lake | 63°51'14.90"N, 22°41'21.68"W |
6 | 04.07.2004 | Zooplankton net | Freshwater lake, water column | Sikið Lake; west of Garður Village | 64°04'18.20"N, 22°38'45.38"W |
7 | 05.07.2004 | Zooplankton net | Freshwater lake, water column | Leirvogsvatn Lake, stoney bottom, high transperancy, oligotrophic, no macrophytes | 64°12'07.42"N, 21°27'44.05"W |
8 | 05.07.2004 | Zooplankton net | Freshwater lake, water column | Small shallow, c/a 5-6 km eastwards from Stardalur and 35 km north-east of Reykjavik | 64°12'37.89"N, 21°19'23.27"W |
9 | 05.07.2004 | Rinsing | Bryophytes | Wet mosses near Öxaráfoss waterfall, Þingvellir National Park | 64°15'56.50"N, 21°07'02.94"W |
10 | 05.07.2004 | Hand-held net | Freshwater lake, water column | Laugarvatn Lake, shallow, hot springs on its shores; Arnes County, Laugardalur Valley | 64°13'06.26"N, 20°43'40.61"W |
11 | 05.07.2004 | Rinsing | Spring, bryophytes | Small peat spring, low water temperature | 64°18'24.79"N, 20°12'20.82"W |
12 | 05.07.2004 | Zooplankton net | Freshwater lake, water column | Kerið Lake, neovolcanic crater lake; Grimsnes area | 64°02'26.36"N, 20°53'05.50"W |
The specimens were mounted temporarily in a mixture of glycerin and ethanol and were identified to the lowest practicable level following
A total of 39 taxa from Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda were recorded from South-western Iceland during our study. The most diverse were the rotifers with 21 taxa belonging to nine families and two orders. We found 11 taxa of copepods which belonged to five families from three orders, and seven taxa of cladocerans from three families. Twelve associated invertebrate taxa were also found in our samples Table
List of taxa recorded from various habitats in South-western Iceland. For site numbers (No) please see Table
Group | Taxon | Site No. |
Rotifera | ||
Class Eurotatoria | ||
Order Ploima | ||
Family Brachionidae | ||
Keratella americana Carlin, 1943 | 8; 12 | |
Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) | 7 | |
Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) | 3; 4; 5; 6; 7 | |
Keratella sp. | 3 | |
Notholca acuminata Ehrenberg, 1832 | 2 | |
Family Lecanidae | ||
Lecane crenata (Harring, 1913) | 10; 12 | |
Lecane sp. | 10 | |
Lecane nana (Murray, 1913) | 9 | |
Lecane sp. | 9 | |
Family Asplanchnidae | ||
Asplanchna sp. | 7 | |
Family Lepadellidae | ||
Colurella sulcata (Stenroos, 1898) | 12 | |
Colurella sp. | 12 | |
Lepadella (s. str) sp. | 10 | |
Lepadella sp. | 4 | |
Family Nothommatidae | ||
Cephalodella sp. | 9; 12 | |
Family Euchlanidae | ||
Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg, 1832 | 10 | |
Family Proalidae | ||
Proales sp. | 11 | |
Family Trichocercidae | ||
Trichocerca cf. mucosa (Stokes, 1896) | 6 | |
Trichocerca vernalis (Hauer, 1936) | 8 | |
Trichocerca sp. | 9 | |
Order Flosculariaceae | ||
Family Trochosphaeridae | ||
Filinia terminalis (Plate, 1886) | 3 | |
Class Branchiopoda | ||
Order Anomopoda | ||
Family Daphnidae | ||
Daphnia pulex Leydig, 1860 | 6 | |
Family Chydoridae | ||
Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1835) | 8 | |
Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860) | 8; 10; 12 | |
Alona quadrangularis (Müller, 1785) | 8; 10 | |
Chydorus sphaericus (Müller 1776) | 6 | |
Chydorus sp. | 7 | |
Family Macrothricidae | ||
Macrothrix hirsuticornis Norman & Brady, 1867 | 6 | |
Class Maxillopoda | ||
Order Calanoida | ||
Family Temoridae | ||
Eurytemora velox (Lilljeborg, 1853) | 2 | |
Order Cyclopoida | ||
Family Cyclopidae | ||
Acanthocyclops vernalis (s. lat. Fischer, 1853) | 9; 12 | |
Cyclops abyssorum Sars, 1863 | 6 | |
Diacyclops bisetosus (Rehberg, 1880) | 3; 9 | |
Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) | 6; 8; 9; 10 | |
Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) | 8 | |
Paracyclops fimbriatus fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) | 8 | |
Family Cyclopinidae | ||
Cyclopina gracilis Claus, 1862 | 1 | |
Copepodites | 1; 2; 6; 8; 10; 12 | |
Nauplii | 2; 6; 7; 10; 12 | |
Order Harpacticoida | ||
Family Canthocamptidae | ||
Bryocamptus (Arcticocamptus) cuspidatus cuspidatus (Schmeil, 1893) | 9; 11 | |
Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus (Claus, 1863) | 12 | |
Family Ameiridae | ||
Nitokra spinipes Boeck, 1865 | 2; 3 | |
Class Ostracoda | ||
Ostracoda indet. | 1; 6; 9; 11 | |
Associated fauna | ||
Amphipoda | 2 | |
Acari | 5; 1; 9 | |
Acari (Halacaridae) | 5 | |
Olygochaeta | 10 | |
Polychaeta | 1 | |
Colembolla | 5; 9 | |
Tardigrada | 1; 9 | |
Gastropoda | 1; 9 | |
Diptera larvae | 2; 9; 11 | |
Diptera (Chironomidae) larvae | 10; 12 | |
Nematoda | 9; 10; 12 |
Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) was recorded at five of the sampled localities, while the copepod Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) and the cladoceran Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860) were found at four and three of the sites, respectively. Twenty-eight taxa were recorded only at one of the 12 sampling locations. We recorded the highest diversity of rotifers and the lowest diversity of crustaceans from bryophytes near Öxaráfoss waterfall in Þingvellir National Park.
We present data on rotifers and lower crustaceans from 12 aquatic habitats. For two of the stations (6 and 7), the lakes Sikið and Leirvogsvatn, we present the first data on zooplankton, and possibly also the first data for some of the smaller habitats (e.g. stations 3, 4, 5, 11). The majority of the recorded taxa either have a cosmopolitan distribution or are previously known from Iceland. For three of the recorded species we found no prevoius records in the available literature from Iceland: the rotifers Trichocerca cf. mucosa (Stokes, 1896) and T. vernalis (Hauer, 1936), and the copepod Cyclopina gracilis Claus, 1862. Rotifera dominated the sampled water bodies, followed by Copepoda and Cladocera. The most frequent taxon was the rotifer Keratella quadrata, previously recorded from Iceland by
Many of the cladoceran taxa we recorded are frequently found in the arctic region. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1835) is typical for the littoral fauna of freshwater lakes from the Holoarctic region (
All of the freshwater cyclopoid crustaceans recorded have cosmopolitan distribution and have been previously recorded from Iceland. We found only one marine copepod Cyclopina gracilis Claus, 1862. It is very common in the North Atlantic Ocean (
The two species of the harpactocoid genus Bryocamptus we recorded are associated with wet mosses (
This manuscript presents faunistic data on microinvertebrate aquatic fauna, including new species records, from an understudied region where detailed data are still scarce. We found 39 taxa from 12 sites, and three of the recorded taxa are new for Iceland. Moreover, here we present first data on the zooplankton of Sikið and Leirvogsvatn Lakes. Future studies in the region would likely further enrich our knowledge on the composition and origin of microinvertebrate aquatic fauna of the island.
The study was financed through Improving the Human Potential Programme of the European Union, Access to Research Facilities (ARI). We thank Dr Gudmundur Vidir Helgason (Institute of Biology, University of Iceland) for organisation and assistance with fieldwork in Iceland.
Improving the Human Potential Programme of the European Union, Access to Research Facilities (ARI), within FP5.
Taxonomy, faunistics and zoogeography of brackish and freshwater copepods (Crustacea) from the Reykjanes peninsula, Iceland (June 2004 – September 2007).
Sanðgerdi Marine Centre and the Institute of Biology, University of Iceland.
Both authors contributed equally to samples collection and processing, and the writing of the manuscript.