Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Olivier Raspé (Olivier.Ras@mfu.ac.th)
Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev
Received: 28 Sep 2021 | Accepted: 16 Dec 2021 | Published: 22 Dec 2021
© 2021 Bhavesh Raghoonundon, Naveed Davoodian, Monthien Phonemany, Olivier Raspé
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Raghoonundon B, Davoodian N, Phonemany M, Raspé O (2021) Tylocinum is no longer monotypic: Tylocinum brevisporum sp. nov. (Boletales, Boletaceae) from northern Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e75907. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e75907
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Tylocinum Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016 is a Boletaceae genus belonging in subfamily Leccinoideae. It was described in 2016 from China and, prior to this study, it contained only one species, T. griseolum Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016. During our survey of Boletaceae from Thailand, we collected some specimens that could be identified as a Tylocinum species, different from T. griseolum.
The bolete specimens, collected in forests dominated by Dipterocarpaceae and Fagaceae in northern Thailand, are described as Tylocinum brevisporum Raghoonundon & Raspé sp. nov. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions with illustrations are provided, as well as a 3-gene phylogeny, which confirms the new taxon’s position in Tylocinum. Tylocinum brevisporum differs from the only other known Tylocinum species (T. griseolum) by its brownish-grey colour, greyish-orange to brownish-orange colour change in the hymenophore when bruised, smaller pores (≤ 0.5 mm), longer tubes (up to 6 mm long), shorter and narrower basidiospores, longer and broader basidia and longer pleurocystidia relative to cheilocystidia. T. brevisporum is the second species from the genus Tylocinum and the only one to be found outside China thus far.
new species, Boletaceae, Leccinoideae, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, Thailand
Tylocinum Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016, is a monotypic genus of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) boletes (Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi). Typical characters of the genus are its dark scabrous stipe surface, white to pallid unchanging context in the pileus and stipe, white to pallid hymenophore, trichodermium pileipellis and smooth basidiospores (
The plant family Dipterocarpaceae includes many species of large trees that are often dominant in the tropical and subtropical lowlands of Southeast Asia, where the species diversity of Dipterocarpaceae is highest (
In this study, we describe a new species of Tylocinum from dry dipterocarp forests of northern Thailand, with description, illustrations and molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multi-gene DNA sequence dataset (atp6, tef1 and rpb2).
Fresh basidiomata were collected during the rainy season (2019) from Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai Provinces, orthern Thailand. The basidiomata were photographed on-site and wrapped in aluminium foil. The descriptions of the macroscopic features were made on the same day, after which the basidiomata were dried in an electric drier at 45–50°C. Specimens were deposited in the Mae Fah Luang University (MFLU) or CMUB Herbaria.
The habitat, locality information and macro-chemical reactions on fresh basidiomata were recorded. Spore prints were taken for each collection. Colour codes were given using
Genomic DNA was extracted from CTAB-preserved tissues or dry specimens (ca. 10 mg) using a CTAB isolation procedure, adapted from
The sequences were assembled using Geneious 8 (Biomatters). The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) from GenBank was used to find the closest matches to the sequences. Reference sequences (Table
List of collections used for DNA analyses, with origin, GenBank accession numbers and reference(s).
Species |
Voucher |
Origin |
atp 6 |
tef 1 |
rpb 2 |
References |
Baorangia major |
OR0209 |
Thailand |
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Baorangia pseudocalopus |
HKAS75739 |
China |
– |
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Baorangia rufomaculata |
BOTH4144 |
USA |
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Borofutus dhakanus |
OR0345 |
Thailand |
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Ionosporus longipes |
LEE1180 |
Malaysia |
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Lanmaoa asiatica |
OR0228 |
China |
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Lanmaoa carminipes |
BOTH4591 |
USA |
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Lanmaoa pallidorosea |
BOTH4432 |
USA |
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Leccinum monticola |
HKAS76669 |
China |
– |
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Leccinum quercinum |
HKAS63502 |
China |
– |
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Leccinum scabrum |
RW105a |
Belgium |
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Leccinum scabrum |
VDKO0938 |
Belgium |
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Leccinum schistophilum |
VDKO1128 |
Belgium |
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Leccinum variicolor |
HKAS57758 |
China |
– |
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Leccinum variicolor |
VDKO0844 |
Belgium |
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Leccinellum aff. crocipodium |
HKAS76658 |
China |
– |
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Lecinellum cf. intusrubens |
OR0082 |
Thailand |
This study |
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Leccinellum crocipodium |
VDKO1006 |
Belgium |
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Leccinellum cremeum |
HKAS90639 |
China |
– |
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Leccinellum sp. |
HKAS53427 |
China |
– |
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Leccinellum sp. |
OR0711 |
Thailand |
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Octaviania hesperi |
KPM-NC 17793 |
Japan |
– |
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Octaviania japonimontana |
KPM-NC 17797 |
Japan |
– |
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Octaviania nonae |
KPM-NC 17748 |
Japan |
– |
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Octaviania tasmanica |
MEL 2341996 |
Australia |
– |
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Octaviania zelleri |
MES270 |
USA |
– |
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Pseudoaustroboletus cf. valens |
OR0477 |
China |
This study |
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Retiboletus brevibasidiatus |
OR0570 |
Thailand |
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Retiboletus brunneolus |
HKAS 52680 |
China |
– |
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Retiboletus fuscus |
OR0231 |
China |
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Retiboletus fuscus |
OR0738 |
Thailand |
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Retiboletus griseus |
MB03-079 |
USA |
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Retiboletus kauffmanii |
OR0278 |
China |
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Retiboletus nigrogriseus |
BC0179 |
Thailand |
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Retiboletus nigrogriseus |
OR049 |
Thailand |
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Retiboletus ornatipes |
MBsn |
USA |
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Rhodactina rostratispora |
SV170 |
Thailand |
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Rossbeevera eucyanea |
TUMH-40252 |
Japan |
– |
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Rossbeevera griseovelutina |
TUMH-40266 |
Japan |
– |
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Rossbeevera vittatispora |
A.W. Claridge 2137 |
Australia |
– |
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Spongiforma thailandica |
DED7873 |
Thailand |
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Spongispora temasekensis |
ACMF5 |
Singapore |
This study |
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Turmalinea mesomorpha subsp. mesomorpha |
KPM-NC 18012 |
Japan |
– |
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Turmalinea persicina |
KPM-NC 18001 |
Japan |
– |
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Turmalinea sp. |
Muroi361 |
USA |
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Tylocinum griseolum |
HKAS50281 |
China |
– |
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Tylocinum brevisporum |
OR622 |
Thailand |
– |
This study |
All analyses were done on the CIPRES Science Gateway (https://www.phylo.org;
Using jModeltest2 (
Basidiomata pileo-stipitate, small to medium-sized (Fig.
Basidiospores (6.7–)7.5–10–11.7(–11.8) × (3.1–)3.5–4.7–5.8(–5.9) µm (n = 50) Q = (1.7–) 1.79–2.15–2.5 (–2.61), ellipsoid in central view, oblong to subcylindrical in side view, smooth under light microscope, yellowish to brownish in KOH (Fig.
This species is distinguished from Tylocinum griseolum by its greyish-brown colour, greyish-orange to brownish-orange colour change in the hymenophore when bruised, smaller pores (≤ 0.5 mm) and longer tubes (up to 6 mm long). Additionally, the basidiospores are shorter and narrower compared to T. griseolum and the basidia are slightly longer and broader. Furthermore, the pleurocystidia of Tylocinum brevisporum are longer than its cheilocystidia.
Epithet “brevisporum”; from the Latin words brevi (short) and sporae (spores), referring to the shorter spores of this species compared to Tylocinum griseolum.
Thus far known only from northern Thailand.
Solitary, in tropical forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae (Dipterocarpus spp. and Shorea spp.), with some Fagaceae (Quercus spp., Lithocarpus spp. and Castanopsis calathiformis).
Morphologically, Tylocinum brevisporum is similar to Tylocinum griseolum, with which it shares the overall grey colour of the basidiomata and dark scabrous stipe surface. However, Tylocinum brevisporum is more brownish as compared to the grey Tylocinum griseolum. In addition,
The basidiospores of Tylocinum brevisporum [(6.7–)7.5–10–11.7(–11.8) × (3.1–)3.5–4.7–5.8(–5.9) µm, Q = (1.7–)1.79–2.15–2.5(–2.61)] are shorter and narrower than those of Tylocinum griseolum [(11)12.0–14.5(16) × 4.5–5.5 µm Q = 2.60–3.22] from China. The basidia of T. brevisporum [(27–)27–37.4–54(–54) × (9–)9–12.3–19(–19) µm] are also slightly longer and broader than T. griseolum [30–45 × 10–12 µm].
The concatenated gene dataset comprised 47 terminals. The final alignment contained 121 sequences (38 for atp6, 46 for tef1, 37 for rpb2) and was 2,676 characters long, including gaps. Both ML and Bayesian analyses produced the same tree topology; thus, only the ML tree is shown with both Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap (MLB) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) values. In the analyses, the new species Tylocinum brevisporum shared a sister relationship with the type species Tylocinum griseolum (Fig.
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the three-gene dataset (atp6, rpb2, tef1). The three Lanmaoa and three Baorangia species were used as outgroup taxa. Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap (MLB, left) ≥ 70% and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP, right) ≥ 0.95 are shown above supported branches. The new species is in bold.
Boletales is a globally-distributed order of fungi, comprising morphologically diverse groups (
Our survey on the diversity of boletes in northern Thailand led to the discovery of a second species of Tylocinum (the focus of the present study), being found in tropical forests dominated by Dipterocarpaceae, which have been reported as ECM hosts for Boletaceae (
B. Raghoonundon appreciates the kind support given by the Mushroom Research Foundation (MRF), Thailand. The authors thank the Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) (Grant No. DBG6280009) entitled “Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas”. The authors are also grateful to Amy Choong for loaning her collection of Spongispora tamasekensis, Changlin Zhao for sequencing of Tylocinum specimens and to the reviewers for their comments.