Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
|
Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Laurence Livermore
Received: 23 Dec 2015 | Accepted: 11 May 2016 | Published: 16 May 2016
© 2016 Michael Skvarla, Danielle Fisher, Ashley Dowling
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Skvarla M, Fisher D, Dowling A (2016) Arthropods of Steel Creek, Buffalo National River, Arkansas. III. Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7607. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7607
|
|
This is the third in a series of papers detailing the terrestrial arthropods collected during an intensive survey of a site near Steel Creek campground along the Buffalo National River in Arkansas. The survey was conducted over a period of eight and a half months using twelve trap types – Malaise traps, canopy traps (upper and lower collector), Lindgren multifunnel traps (black, green, and purple), pan traps (blue, purple, red, white, and yellow), and pitfall traps – and Berlese-Tullgren extraction of leaf litter.
We provide collection records for 54 species of Heteroptera, 11 of which were new state records for Arkansas: (Aradidae) Aradus approximatus, Aradus duzeei, Aradus ornatus, Neuroctenus elongatus, Neuroctenus pseudonymus, Notapictinus aurivilli; (Cydnidae) Sehirus cinctus; (Lygaeidae) Nysius raphanus; (Miridae) Prepops insitivus; (Reduviidae) Zelus tetracanthus; (Rhyparochromidae) Kolenetrus plenus.
Heteroptera, Alydidae, Aradidae, Coreidae, Cydnidae, Gerridae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, Pachygronthidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Rhyparochromidae, Scutelleridae, Thyrecoridae, Tingidae, state record, range expansion, Interior Highlands, Boston Mountains
The Ozarks are a biodiversity hotspot that has been relatively understudied compared to similar areas, such as the Southern Appalachians (
Recent efforts (e.g.,
The sampling protocol was covered in detail by
The following traps were maintained within the site: five Malaise traps, twenty-five pan traps, fifteen Lindgren multi-funnel traps, four SLAM (Sea, Land, and Air Malaise) traps, and seventeen pitfall trap sets. Additionally, ten leaf litter samples were collected for Berlese extraction when traps were serviced.
All traps were set by 13 March 2013, except Lindgren funnels, which were set on 1 April 2013. Traps set earlier than 13 March were reset on that date in order to standardize trap catch between traps. Traps were serviced approximately every two weeks (14 ±3 days). The last collection of pitfall traps and pan traps occurred on 6 November 2013; Malaise, SLAM, and Lindgren funnel traps were run until 4 December 2013. In total, 1311 samples were collected.
Propylene glycol (in the form of Peak RV & Marine Antifreeze) was used as the preservative in all traps as it is non-toxic and generally preserves specimens well (
Samples were coarse-sorted to easily identifiable levels (generally family, occasionally order or genus) using a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope illuminated with a Leica KL1500 LCD light source and a Wild M38 stereomicroscope illuminated with an Applied Scientific Devices Corp. Eco-light 20 fiber optic light source. After sorting, specimens were stored in 2 mL microtubes in 70% ethanol.
Specimens were identified with the use of published keys (Table
Species collected, including total number of specimens. New state records are indicated by an an asterisk (*).
Family | Genus | Species | To tal specimens collected | Identification reference/method |
Alydidae | Alydus | Alydus eurinus | 2 | |
Alydidae | Megalotomus | Megalotomus quinquespinosus | 45 | |
Aradidae | Aradus | Aradus acutus | 7 | |
Aradidae | Aradus | Aradus approximatus* | 1 | |
Aradidae | Aradus | Aradus crenatus | 21 |
|
Aradidae | Aradus | Aradus duzeei* | 71 |
|
Aradidae | Aradus | Aradus ornatus* | 3 | |
Aradidae | Aradus | Aradus similis | 2 |
|
Aradidae | Mezira | Mezira sayi | 8 | |
Aradidae | Neuroctenus | Neuroctenus elongatus* | 25 | |
Aradidae | Neuroctenus | Neuroctenus pseudonymus* | 2 |
|
Aradidae | Notapictinus | Notapictinus aurivilli* | 1 | |
Coreidae | Acanthocephala | Acanthocephala terminalis | 14 | distinctive, only species of Acanthocephala in Arkansas with brown antenna and contrasting orange terminal segment, no key necessary |
Coreidae | Leptoglossus | Leptoglossus oppositus | 10 |
|
Cydnidae | Amnestus | Amnestus basidentatus | 1 |
|
Cydnidae | Melanaethus | Melanaethus subpunctatus | 2 |
|
Cydnidae | Pangaeus | Pangaeus bilineatus | 82 |
|
Cydnidae | Sehirus | Sehirus cinctus* | 1 |
|
Gerridae | Gerris | Gerris argenticollis | 1 | |
Gerridae | Gerris | Gerris marginatus | 2 |
|
Lygaeidae | Nysius | Nysius raphanus* | 7 |
|
Miridae | Prepops | Prepops insitivus* | 1 | distinctive species, no key necessary |
Pachygronthidae | Oedancala | Oedancala dorsalis | 9 | |
Pachygronthidae | Phlegyas | Phlegyas abbreviatus | 124 |
|
Pentatomidae | Banasa | Banasa euchlora | 1 |
|
Pentatomidae | Brochymena | Brochymena arborea | 15 |
|
Pentatomidae | Chinavia | Chinavia hilaris | 7 |
|
Pentatomidae | Euschistus | Euschistus servus | 4 |
|
Pentatomidae | Euschistus | Euschistus tristigmus | 4 |
|
Pentatomidae | Hymenarcys | Hymenarcys nervosa | 3 |
|
Pentatomidae | Menecles | Menecles insertus | 22 |
|
Pentatomidae | Mormidea | Mormidea lugens | 11 |
|
Pentatomidae | Podisus | Podisus maculiventris | 6 |
|
Reduviidae | Arilus | Arilus cristatus | 1 | distinctive species, no key necessary |
Reduviidae | Barce | 8 | not identified to species | |
Reduviidae | Melanolestes | Melanolestes picipes | 4 | distinctive species, no key necessary |
Reduviidae | Oncocephalus | Oncocephalus geniculatus | 12 |
|
Reduviidae | Pselliopus | Pselliopus barberi | 43 |
|
Reduviidae | Rhiginia | Rhiginia cruciata | 1 | distinctive species, no key necessary |
Reduviidae | Rocconota | Rocconota annulicornis | 2 | a single species of Rocconota occurs north of Mexico |
Reduviidae | Sinea | Sinea diadema | 1 |
|
Reduviidae | Sinea | Sinea spinipes | 5 |
|
Reduviidae | Stenopoda | Stenopoda spinulosa | 2 | |
Reduviidae | Zelus | Zelus tetracanthus* | 1 |
|
Rhyparochromidae | Antillocoris | Antillocoris pilosulus | 1 |
|
Rhyparochromidae | Cryphula | Cryphula trimaculata | 15 |
|
Rhyparochromidae | Kolenetrus | Kolenetrus plenus* | 3 | |
Rhyparochromidae | Myodocha | Myodocha serripes | 1 | distinctive species, no key necessary |
Rhyparochromidae | Ozophora | Ozophora picturata | 15 |
|
Rhyparochromidae | Xestocoris | Xestocoris nitens | 1 |
|
Scutelleridae | Stethaulax | Stethaulax marmorata | 4 | |
Thyreocoridae | Corimelaena | Corimelaena pulicaria | 3 |
|
Thyreocoridae | Galgupha | Galgupha loboprostethia | 4 |
|
Tingidae | Acalypta | Acalypta susana | 33 |
The survey was conducted in 4 hectare plot established at Steel Creek along the Buffalo National River in Newton County, Arkansas, centered at approximately N 36°02.269', W 93°20.434'. For additional details, see
36.0367 and 36.0397 Latitude; -93.3917 and -93.3397 Longitude.
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
typeStatus | Nomenclatural type applied to the record |
catalogNumber | Unique within-project and within-lab number applied to the record |
recordedBy | Who recorded the record information |
individualCount | The number of specimens contained within the record |
lifeStage | Life stage of the specimens contained within the record |
kingdom | Kingdom name |
phylum | Phylum name |
class | Class name |
order | Order name |
family | Family name |
genus | Genus name |
specificEpithet | Specific epithet |
scientificNameAuthorship | Name of the author of the lowest taxon rank included in the record |
scientificName | Complete scientific name including author and year |
taxonRank | Lowest taxonomic rank of the record |
country | Country in which the record was collected |
countryCode | Two-letter country code |
stateProvince | State in which the record was collected |
county | County in which the record was collected |
municipality | Closest municipality to where the record was collected |
locality | Description of the specific locality where the record was collected |
verbatimElevation | Average elevation of the field site in meters |
verbatimCoordinates | Approximate center point coordinates of the field site in GPS coordinates |
verbatiumLatitude | Approximate center point latitude of the field site in GPS coordinates |
verbatimLongitude | Approximate center point longitude of the field site in GPS coordinates |
decimalLatitude | Approximate center point latitude of the field site in decimal degrees |
decimalLongitude | Approximate center point longitude of the field site in decimal degrees |
georeferenceProtocol | Protocol by which the coordinates were taken |
identifiedBy | Who identified the record |
eventDate | Date or date range the record was collected |
habitat | Description of the habitat |
language | Two-letter abbreviation of the language in which the data and labels are recorded |
institutionCode | Name of the institution where the specimens are deposited |
basisofRecord | The specific nature of the record |
We collected and identified 672 specimens representing 54 species and 43 genera during this study (Table
Eleven species (20%) represent new state records: (Aradidae) Aradus approximatus, Aradus duzeei, Aradus ornatus, Neuroctenus elongatus, Neuroctenus pseudonymus, Notapictinus aurivilli; (Cydnidae) Sehirus cinctus; (Lygaeidae) Nysius raphanus; (Miridae) Prepops insitivus; (Reduviidae) Zelus tetracanthus; (Rhyparochromidae) Kolenetrus plenus.
Unless otherwise noted, distribution information was assembled from
Aradus approximatus (Aradidae) is known from Quebec south to Georgia and west to Indiana and Mississippi (
Aradus duzeei (Aradidae) is known from Quebec and Ontario south to Virginia and west to Missouri (
Aradus ornatus (Aradidae) is known from New York and Pennsylvania, south to Georgia, and west to Indiana (
Neuroctenus elongatus (Aradidae) is known from Pennsylvania, North Carolina, the District of Columbia, Ohio, and Indiana (
Neuroctenus pseudonymus (Aradidae) is known from the District of Columbia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, Texas, and Louisiana (
Notapictinus aurivilli (Aradidae) is known from Florida, Georgia, and Louisiana (
Sehirus cinctus (Cydinidae) is widespread in North America and occurs from Newfoundland and Quebec south to Florida, west to California and south into Mexico (
Nysius raphanus (Lygaeidae) is widespread, being found in North America from Ontario, south to Florida, west to British Columbia, California, and New Mexico; it is also known from Mexico and the West Indies (
Preopos insitivus (Miridae) is widespread in eastern North America, from New Hampshire and Ontario south to Florida, and west to Colorado; it has previously been reported from Missouri (
Zelus tetracanthus (Reduviidae) is widespread in North America and occurs south through Mexico to Paraguay. It has been previously reported from Missouri, Kansas, and Louisiana (
Kolenetrus plenus (Rhyparochromidae) is found in cool, xeric fields transcontinentaly in northern North America from Quebec and Massachusetts west to British Columbia and Yukon; disjunct populations occur in mountainous areas in North Carolina, Montana, Arizona, Mexico, and Guatemala (
Xestocoris nitens (Rhyparochromidae) is known from Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Ontario south to Virginia, west to Michigan, Missouri, and Nebraska (
Acalypta susanae (Tingidae) is known from two specimens collected from Mt. Magazine in Arkansas (
The relative abundance of Acalypta susanae (33 specimens) collected in this study, when compared to the number of previously known specimens (2), is striking. The species is obviously more widespread than previously thought, but it is unclear without additional sampling effort whether it is locally abundant and the sampled site was particularly good habitat or if they are abundant throughtout their range. As the species is a rather distinctive tingid and easily identified, future leaf litter studies in the Interior Highlands and surrounding area should be observent for additional specimens.
Kolenetrus plenus is an interesting species becuase the it has an apparently disjunct range and is restricted to cool, xeric fields in mountainous areas. The specimens reported here are not totally unexpected as the Interior Highlands is the only mountainous region that occurs between the eastern populations in North Carolina and western and southern populations in Arizona and Mexico.
Most of the species newly recorded from Arkansas are widespread in eastern North America and many are known from states that border Arkansas. While their presence in the state is therefore unsurprising, the fact that have have not been previously recorded highlights how under surveyed the state is, especially compared with other biodiversity hotspots.
Michael Skvarla performed all responsibilities associated with collecting the specimens, including trap maintenance and sample collection; sorted samples; and prepared the manuscript. Danielle Fisher sorted samples and coarse-sorted specimens to higher taxa (order/family). Ashley Dowling supervised the lab in which Skvarla and Fisher performed the work, provided financial support by securing funding, and commented on the manuscript prior to submission.