Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Victor Aleksanov (victor_alex@list.ru)
Academic editor: Lyubomir Penev
Received: 04 Oct 2021 | Accepted: 28 Dec 2021 | Published: 19 Jan 2022
© 2022 Victor Aleksanov, Sergey Alekseev, Maxim Shashkov
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Aleksanov V, Alekseev S, Shashkov M (2022) Ground beetles (Carabidae) in urban habitats of Kaluga City (Russia). Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e76100. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76100
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Ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) are one of the most species-rich and well-studied insect families. However, the number of published datasets is disproportionately low against the biodiversity of this group. According to GBIF, only a fifth of the percentage of all published data covers ground beetles. This article describes a sampling-event dataset providing primary data on ground beetles collected in urban and suburban habitats in Kaluga, a typical central Russian city. We surveyed habitats of different land-use types and the extent and intensity of anthropogenic influence: yards, gardens, quarries, small urban woodlands, grasslands and riparian habitats. Carabids were collected by pitfall traps during most of the vegetative season (mostly from late April - early May to at least early October) for 13 seasons between 1994 and 2015. In total, the dataset contains 189 carabid species and 79,091 specimens. The dataset provides information about species composition and abundance, habitat distribution, seasonal and long-term dynamics of carabid beetles in environments of different degrees of urbanisation.
This dataset is the first sampling-event dataset about carabids in various urban habitats published through GBIF.
broadleaved forests, gardens, grasslands, pitfall traps, Central Russia
Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) are a particularly popular model group of organisms for many kinds of ecological and environmental research, including studies of urbanisation (e.g.
Kaluga is a typical Central Russian town, amongst which there are both provincial centres such as Tver, Vladimir or Tula and municipalities - Serpukhov, Kolomna or others. Such a city usually occupies areas ranging from dozens to just over 150 km2 and hosts populations of 100 to 400 thousand people. The centuries-old history and location, usually on a large river (Oka or Volga, for example) , result in an irregular planning and complex development history of such cities. The city centres usually formed between more than three and two hundred years ago, often spontaneously. Multi-storey housing can be surrounded by quarters of private householding with gardens and orchards. Wastelands with dense wild grass are usual, on the periphery of industrial zones, adjacent to railroads or even amongst high buildings, as a consequence of abandoned former Soviet projects. A large watercourse with its tributaries forms a complex mosaic of near-water habitats.
Kaluga City is situated in the west of European Russia, in its middle (non-Chernozem) zone on the Oka River 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. The climate is moderately continental with distinct seasons: warm and humid summers and cold winters with stable snow cover. According to nearest (~ 70 km SW) weather station, for which open data are available - Suhinichi (RSM00027707), the average annual air temperature during years of investigation (1994-2015) was 5.8°C. The average temperature in July was +19.1°C and in January, −6.9°C. Annual precipitation was about 633 millimetres (
Prevailing landscapes of Kaluga City are flat, with undulating moraine plains shaped by the Moscow stage of the Dnieper glaciation. The main type of sediments is postglacial mantle-loams. Watersheds are flat and poorly drained. The minimal height above sea level is 116-120 m and the highest point reaches 235 m a.s.l. Along the Oka River, there is a highly-dissected erosional plain.
Regarding vegetation zonation, the area belongs to the subzone of spruce-broadleaved forests, a spruce-oak vegetation district (
Brief description of the sites (sample plots) sampled during а period between 1994 and 2015. A brief explanation of the habitat types is given above.
*Size of the open, unbuilt and undivided by roads, the area around sample plots facilitating dispersal of the ground beetles. This area can include various habitats, for example, woods, grasslands, gardens and others. Some plots are adjacent to each other so the open area around these has one and the same size.
** We define no areas which were larger than 1 km2 and belong to suburb landscapes or are aligned along rivers.
Type of habitat, land form |
Coordinates (Latitude, Longitude) | Position in the city structure | Vegetation and land use (optional) | Size of unbuilt area around the plot, ha | Sampling period | Traps number |
Plot ID (parent event) |
Forest, watershed slope |
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city centre | Park. Old lime trees (Tilia cordata) with grassy lawns | 15.5 |
20/04/1994 01/10/1994 |
30 | 94-Park |
20/04/1997 01/10/1997 |
30 | 97-Park | |||||
Forest, main river valley, S slope |
|
city centre | Wood. Tree very dense layers dominated by box-elder (Acer negundo) and maple (Acer platanoides) with ruderal weeds | 15.5 |
18/05/2003 27/09/2003 |
15 | 03-Park |
Forest, gully |
|
city centre | Decidious wood dominated by box-elder (Acer negundo) and maple (Acer platanoides) with ruderal weeds | 14.97 |
20/04/1994 01/10/1994 |
30 | 94-Ber |
20/04/1997 01/10/1997 |
30 | 97-Ber | |||||
Forest, gully, bottom |
|
city centre | Decidious wood dominated by box-elder (Acer negundo) and maple (Acer platanoides) with ruderal weeds | 14.97 |
03/05/2003- 27/09/2003 |
15 | 03-Ber |
Forest, gully, E slope |
|
city centre | Decidious wood dominated by lime (Tilia cordata), box-elder (Acer negundo), and maple (Acer platanoides) | 14.97 | 2004-05-02 2004-10-24 | 15 | 04-Ber |
Forest, gully, E slope |
|
city centre | Wood dominated by box-elder (Acer negundo) and maple (Acer platanoides) with ruderal weeds | 7.39 |
20/04/1994 01/10/1994 |
30 | 94-Zh |
20/04/1995 01/10/1995 |
30 | 95-Zh | |||||
Forest, gully, E slope |
|
city centre | Wood dominated by box-elder (Acer negundo) and maple (Acer platanoides) with ruderal weeds | 7.39 |
03/05/2003 27/09/2003 |
15 | 03-Zh |
Forest, gully, bottom |
54.5064 36.2675 |
city centre | Wood dominated by the white willow (Salix alba) and poplars (Populus sp.) with the woolly burdock (Arctium tomentosum), the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), and the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) | 7.39 |
01/05/2011 22/10/2011 |
15 | 11-Zh |
Forest, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Birch wood with tall mesophile herbs | 18.35 |
23/04/2010 19/10/2010 |
10 | 10-Bb |
Forest, watershed slope |
|
city centre | Grassy pine forest | 57.07 |
20/04/1994 01/10/1994 |
30 | 94-Kom |
Forest, watershed slope |
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city centre | Pine forest with nemoral herbs and shrubs | 57.07 |
20/04/1995 01/10/1995 |
30 | 95-Kom |
Forest, gully, S slope |
|
city centre | Broadleaved forest dominated by oak (Quercus robur), maple (Acer platanoides), and box-elder (Acer negundo) | 57.07 |
18/05/2003- 27/09/2003 |
15 | 03-Kom |
Riparian wooded habitat, main river valley, floodplain |
|
city centre | Fringe of willow-woods (dominated by Salix triandra) on the bank of Oka River, near the waters' edge, with grasses (Bromus inermis dominates), sedges and herbs (Pentanema britannicum) | undefined |
01/05/2015 15/10/2015 |
10 | 15-WW |
Riparian wooded habitat, main river valley, floodplain |
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city centre | Box-elder (Acer negundo) spinney on the bank of Oka River, with sparse herb layer which consists of Impatiens parviflora, Glechoma hederacea, in some sites Urtica dioica, Aegopodium podagraria | undefined |
01/05/2015 15/10/2015 |
10 | 15-Bx |
Riparian wooded habitat, main river valley, floodplain |
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city centre | Willow-woods (dominated by Salix triandra) on the bank of Oka River, in low site, with box-elder, Rubus, Solanum, Urtica, Arctium. | undefined |
01/05/2015 15/10/2015 |
10 | 15-W1 |
Riparian wooded habitat, main river valley, floodplain |
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city centre | Willow-woods (dominated by Salix triandra) on the bank of Oka River, in rather high site, withclosed crowns, with box-elder, Urtica, Arctium. | undefined |
01/05/2015 15/10/2015 |
10 | 15-W2 |
Yard, watershed slope |
|
city centre | Linear artificial wood dominated by maple (Acer platanoides), box-elder (Acer negundo), ash (Fraxinus pensylvanicus), with tall ruderal herbs | 1.72 |
05/06/2006 11/11/2006 |
12 | 06-Hosp |
Yard, watershed slope |
|
city centre | Yard consisting of flowerbeds and grass patches, surrounded by pavement and buildings | 1.31 |
02/05/2003 27/09/2003 |
10 | 03-EBCp |
01/05/2004 20/10/2004 | 10 | 04-EBCp | |||||
16/04/2007 26/10/2007 |
16 | 07-EBCp | |||||
Yard, watershed slope |
|
city centre | Stands of trees between buildings in city centre. Dominated by the box-elder, Norway maple and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) with ruderal weeds | 0.148 |
01/05/2011 22/10/2011 |
6 | 11-KSUt |
Yard, watershed slope |
|
city centre | Grassy yard between buildings in city centre. Dominated by the cat grass (Dactylis glomerata) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), with sparse trees of birch and common pear (Pyrus communis) | 0.267 |
01/05/2011 22/10/2011 |
8 | 11-KSUh |
Yard, watershed slope |
|
city centre | Tree line dominated by lime (Tilia cordata) with lawns and buildings | 0.44 |
25/05/2006 07/11/2006 |
15 | 06-TRC |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Non-tilled garden including apple trees, currant shrubs, weeds. | undefined |
27/05/2009 19/10/2009 |
15 | 09-N |
Garden, tributary river valley |
|
suburb | Garden consisting of apple trees, vegetable plot | undefined |
28/04/1995 06/10/1995 |
12 | 95-Zhd |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
city centre | Garden plot with vegetables and decorative flowers and apple orchard in central part and with hedge from box-elder (Acer negundo) and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) and clump from the warty birch (Betula pendula), English oak (Quercus robur), Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) on the periphery | 1.31 |
20/04/1995 11/10/1995 |
23 | 95-EBC |
02/05/2003 27/09/2003 |
15 | 03-EBCg | |||||
01/05/2004 20/10/2004 |
15 | 04-EBCg | |||||
2007-04-16 2007-10-26 | 26 | 07-EBCg | |||||
01/05/2011 22/10/2011 |
15 | 11-EBCg | |||||
18/04/2015 01/10/2015 |
15 | 15-EBCg | |||||
Garden, gully, NE slope |
|
city centre | Moist garden consisting of apple trees, vegetable plot, grass patches | 1.95 |
05/05/2006 11/11/2006 |
10 | 06-Pod |
20/04/2007 26/10/2007 |
12 | 07-Pod | |||||
28/04/2009 20/10/2009 |
10 | 09-Pod | |||||
Garden, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Garden | 3.58 |
07/04/1995 01/10/1995 |
20 | 95-Pz |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Poorly-drained garden. Most of its area is vegetable plot which is tilled many times a year. There are apple trees and currant shrubs. | 30.02 |
02/05/2009 29/10/2009 |
15 | 09-Vet |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Garden | 1.05 |
28/04/1995 04/07/1995 |
15 | 95-K |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Garden | undefined |
28/04/1995 04/07/1995 |
15 | 95-Olg |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Garden including apple trees, currant shrubs, flowers, vegetables. Most of its area is tilled twice a year | undefined |
01/05/2009 20/10/2009 |
13 | 09-Olg1 |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Non-tilled garden including apple trees, currant shrubs, weeds. | undefined |
27/05/2009 19/10/2009 |
15 | 09-lg2 |
Garden, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | School garden with sparse apple trees, flowers and mesotrophic and oligotrophic weeds | 2.95 |
17/05/2008 01/11/2008 |
26 | 08-Sev |
Garden, tributary river valley |
|
city periphery | Garden including apple trees, currant shrubs, flowers, vegetables. Most of its area is tilled twice a year | undefined |
29/04/1995 04/07/1995 |
15 | 95-Tim |
27/05/2009 19/10/2009 |
15 | 09-Tim | |||||
Grassland, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Grassland (fallow) with recent regeneration of birch (Betula pendula) on the site of abandoned field | 18.35 |
23/04/2010 19/10/2010 |
10 | 10-BF |
Grassland, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Meadow on a clay site disturbed by road construction activity dominated by wood small-reed (Calamagrostis epigejos) with tall herbs. | 18.35 |
23/04/2010 19/10/2010 |
9 | 10-BC |
Grassland, main river valley, S slope |
|
city centre | Dry grassland on road embankment | 0.44 |
01/06/2001 01/09/2001 |
4 | 01-Gag |
Grassland, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Lawn between road and pavement dominated by cattail grass (Phleum pratense), cocksfoot (Dactylus glomerata) and legumes, with poplar trees | 3.12 |
17/04/2007 25/10/2007 |
8 | 07-GrL |
Grassland, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Railway bank of east-south-east exposition overgrown by Bromus inermis, Vicia cracca and other legumes and forbs | 3.12 |
17/04/2007 25/10/2007 |
15 | 07-GrR |
Grassland, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Linear site between railway and pavement, sometimes wet. Dominated by Festuca pratense with significant contribution of Centaurea jacea, Medicago falcata and other Asteraceae and Fabaceae, locally dominated by Calamagrostis epigejos, locally with sparse poplar trees | 3.12 |
17/04/2007 25/10/2007 |
12 | 07-Gr |
Grassland, watershed slope |
|
city periphery | Mesophile meadow dominated by randall (Festuca pratense), cocksfoot (Dactylus glomerata) and lady's-mantle (Alchemilla), with hygrophilic herbs | 6.48 |
08/06/2006 07/11/2006 |
13 | 06-O |
Grassland, tributary river valley |
|
city periphery | Tall-grass meadow on railway embankment near river and forest | undefined |
05/06/2006 11/08/2006 |
15 | 06-Sil2 |
Grassland, tributary river valley |
|
city periphery | Tall-grass meadow on railway embankment near river and forest | undefined |
05/06/2006 11/08/2006 |
15 | 06-Sil1 |
Former quarry, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Calcareous rocky outcrops with single willows and sea-buckthorns | undefined |
19/04/2010 23/10/2010 |
10 | 10-MR |
Former quarry, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Grassland dominated by Calamagrostis epigeios in open-pit bottom | undefined |
19/04/2010 23/10/2010 |
10 | 10-MG |
Former quarry, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Young site of open-pit bottom with pond and willow-shrub. | undefined |
19/04/2010 23/10/2010 |
10 | 10-MP |
Former quarry, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Grove dominated by pine, birch, willows and sea-buckthorn. | undefined |
19/04/2010 23/10/2010 |
10 | 10-MW |
Former quarry, watershed slope |
|
suburb | Open-pit side with clay soils overgrown with legumes and forbs herb layer | undefined |
19/04/2010 23/10/2010 |
10 | 10-MC |
Descriptive characteristics of carabid samples for different types of habitats in the City of Kaluga.
Group | Sample (plotby year) number | Total species | Species number | Shannon Index | ||||
median | min | max | median | min | max | |||
Forest | 15 | 130 | 51.0 | 28 | 84 | 2.58 | 1.73 | 2.81 |
Riparian wooded habitat | 4 | 99 | 51.5 | 33 | 83 | 2.45 | 1.90 | 3.18 |
Yard | 7 | 88 | 38.0 | 24 | 54 | 2.48 | 2.20 | 3.11 |
Garden | 20 | 149 | 53.5 | 34 | 65 | 2.82 | 2.08 | 3.19 |
Grassland | 9 | 115 | 46.0 | 27 | 56 | 2.58 | 2.04 | 2.94 |
Quarry | 5 | 191 | 42.0 | 33 | 56 | 2.43 | 2.33 | 2.98 |
Investigated sites can be grouped into six types of habitats which are characteristic of the urban area:
1. Forests (Fig.
2. Riparian wooded habitats (Fig.
3. Yards (Fig.
4. Gardens – habitats with a mosaic of cultivated trees and shrubs (mainly fruit) and herbs (vegetable or ornamental) without large buildings, roads and pavements (Fig.
5. Grasslands (Fig.
6. Former quarry – the set of the biotopes on the slopes and bed of limestone the quarry, finally abandoned at least 30 years ago. The surveyed quarry is located in the northwest suburb and surrounded by spruce and pine forests. There is a village about one kilometre towards the north (Fig.
The beetles were collected with soil pitfall traps (0.5 l transparent plastic cups with a mouth of 85 mm in diameter filled to about a third (150 ml) with 4% formalin solution, with covers made of transparent polyethylene film). For the broadleaved forest of the Kaluga Region, we suggested that it needs 30 traps to reveal the species composition of carabids (
It is worth noting that plots with the same alphabetic acronym in code could be a different biotope (94-Zh, 95-Zh and 03-Zh) or similar biotopes in different, but places situated nearby (97-Ber and 03-Ber). Although such biotopes represented one continuous vegetation area within the same mesorelief form (afforested gullies, for instance), these may be different parts of it.
Thereafter, a series of continuous sampling events within one sampling plot during one season we called a "survey". We investigated 47 habitats (sample plots). Some of them were sampled during two, three or even six seasons. So, a total of 60 surveys were done. Unique values of DwC term parentEventID correspond to a distinct survey.
On each plot within a survey, 4 to 30 traps were established at the beginning of the season, but more often, 15 or 10 (less often). Usually, we chose sites for sampling within private (with the consent of owners), restricted (office territory) or low-attandance areas to ensure non-disturbance of the traps and the continuity of the investigations. Nevertheless, there were some cases of vandalism or unintentional destruction during lawn mowing, building repairing or accidental trampling when someone walked through the site. Trap flooding in the riparian sites has occurred as well. The event table in the DwC archive contains the actual traps number (intact ones) for each sampling event (dwc: samplingEffort). We tended to set the number of traps in multipliers of 5 or 10, but in some cases, the installation of new traps to replace the damaged ones was not possible, because of which the line of traps in a particular plot was shortened. In some sample plots (07-EBCg, 07-GrR, 09-Vet), traps were added after the first sampling when vegetation development has shown that installed traps did not cover the full diversity of the site.
So, in some cases, consecutive sampling events within one survey were based on different amounts of the traps. Dealing with the relative abundance (activity-densities) of carabids, we have consdered our data consistent and comparable with others datasets. When traps were disturbed, the seasonal sum of sampling efforts does not relate to the sampling duration as an integer value (Table
ID (parent event) | individuals count | number of species | duration, days | sampling efforts, 100 trap days | relative abundance, ex/100 trap days |
94-Park | 2234 | 54 | 164 | 49.2 | 45.4 |
97-Park | 2266 | 60 | 164 | 49.2 | 46.1 |
03-Park | 1148 | 29 | 124 | 18.6 | 61.7 |
94-Ber | 1513 | 44 | 164 | 49.2 | 30.8 |
97-Ber | 1774 | 51 | 164 | 49.2 | 36.1 |
03-Ber | 1009 | 52 | 138 | 20.7 | 48.7 |
04-Ber | 579 | 28 | 169 | 25.35 | 22.8 |
94-Zh | 1099 | 63 | 164 | 49.2 | 22.3 |
95-Zh | 2164 | 65 | 164 | 49.2 | 44 |
03-Zh | 1103 | 46 | 139 | 20.85 | 52.9 |
11-Zh | 918 | 36 | 160 | 24.15 | 38 |
10-Bb | 1788 | 46 | 171 | 16.3 | 109.7 |
94-Kom | 1891 | 63 | 164 | 49.2 | 38.4 |
95-Kom | 1599 | 65 | 164 | 49.2 | 32.5 |
03-Kom | 976 | 39 | 125 | 18.75 | 52.1 |
15-WW | 1557 | 83 | 156 | 14.49 | 107.5 |
15-Bx | 1100 | 33 | 156 | 15.6 | 70.5 |
15-W1 | 2731 | 49 | 143 | 13.19 | 207.1 |
15-W2 | 2269 | 54 | 156 | 15.04 | 150.9 |
06-Hosp | 647 | 34 | 154 | 18.48 | 35 |
03-EBCp | 999 | 49 | 148 | 14.8 | 67.5 |
04-EBCp | 841 | 51 | 165 | 16.5 | 51 |
07-EBCp | 999 | 54 | 182 | 28.41 | 35.2 |
11-KSUt | 471 | 24 | 160 | 9.6 | 49.1 |
11-KSUh | 1031 | 34 | 160 | 12.8 | 80.5 |
06-TRC | 1115 | 38 | 160 | 24 | 46.5 |
09-N | 917 | 34 | 114 | 17.1 | 53.6 |
95-Zhd | 1662 | 42 | 43 | 5.16 | 322.1 |
95-EBC | 6729 | 84 | 174 | 40.02 | 168.1 |
03-EBCg | 2147 | 57 | 148 | 22.2 | 96.7 |
04-EBCg | 885 | 51 | 142 | 21.3 | 41.5 |
07-EBCg | 2120 | 60 | 182 | 47.93 | 44.2 |
11-EBCg | 864 | 49 | 160 | 24 | 36 |
15-EBCg | 246 | 39 | 155 | 23.25 | 10.6 |
06-Pod | 1377 | 56 | 183 | 18.3 | 75.2 |
07-Pod | 2510 | 63 | 180 | 21.94 | 114.4 |
09-Pod | 1251 | 61 | 167 | 16.7 | 74.9 |
95-Pz | 1343 | 44 | 177 | 35.4 | 37.9 |
09-Vet | 2202 | 54 | 171 | 25.26 | 87.2 |
95-K | 842 | 39 | 67 | 10.05 | 83.8 |
95-Olg | 2008 | 45 | 67 | 10.05 | 199.8 |
09-Olg1 | 1287 | 55 | 163 | 20.32 | 63.3 |
09-lg2 | 1114 | 43 | 123 | 18.45 | 60.4 |
08-Sev | 2037 | 64 | 163 | 41.36 | 49.3 |
95-Tim | 1984 | 64 | 66 | 9.9 | 200.4 |
09-Tim | 999 | 53 | 138 | 20.7 | 48.3 |
10-BF | 958 | 51 | 171 | 16.88 | 56.8 |
10-BC | 583 | 56 | 171 | 15.03 | 38.8 |
01-Gag | 627 | 27 | 92 | 3.68 | 170.4 |
07-GrL | 267 | 38 | 166 | 13.39 | 19.9 |
07-GrR | 338 | 47 | 181 | 26.55 | 12.7 |
07-Gr | 693 | 45 | 181 | 22.65 | 30.6 |
06-O | 830 | 46 | 147 | 19.11 | 43.4 |
06-Sil2 | 543 | 46 | 67 | 10.05 | 54 |
06-Sil1 | 1377 | 51 | 67 | 10.05 | 137 |
10-MR | 223 | 38 | 178 | 17.8 | 12.5 |
10-MG | 697 | 42 | 162 | 16.2 | 43 |
10-MP | 863 | 56 | 178 | 17.8 | 48.5 |
10-MW | 276 | 33 | 178 | 17.8 | 15.5 |
10-MC | 471 | 43 | 178 | 17.8 | 26.5 |
Samples were sorted for carabids in the laboratory. Numerous and easily-recognisable species collected in 2003-2015 were identified by Victor Aleksanov. Specimens of those species, which were difficult to determine and all specimens collected before 2003, were identified by Sergey Alexeev. For identification, we used the following keys:
To describe and visualise carabid assemblages, we used non-metric multidimensional scaling based on Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity (qualitative), species number and Shannon Diversity Index. This data processing was performed in vegan R package (
Overall, investigations covered 13 seasons during a time span of 22 years. Unfortunately, we were not able to save all of the primary data. Therefore, we could not provide data on every sampling event for 17 surveys. For these, we have data summarised for the entire season. In such cases dwc: eventID and dwc: parentEventID are the same and sampling event means the whole season of sampling, which includes several actual events. In total, data on each sampling event are available for 41 surveys from 37 plots.
The European part of Russia, Kaluga Oblast, Kaluga Urban Okrug, Kaluga City. The location of the sample plots was measured using Google Maps and Yandex Maps web services for plots established before 2003 and with satellite navigator (GPS) for ones studied later. Decimal degrees geographic coordinates are provided according to WGS 84 datum. Coordinates of sampling plots are available in Table
54.4808 and 54.5996 Latitude; 36.1965 and 36.3661 Longitude.
Taxonomic coverage is given according to the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (
In total, 189 species and 79091 specimens are included in this dataset. We identified one subspecies: Harpalus xanthopus winkleri Schauberger, 1923, but since there are no other subspecies, we consider it as a species.
In the NMDS ordination graph, two groups of samples are distinctly divided from samples of other types of habitats (Fig.
This dataset contains most of the data on which the monograph "Inventory of the Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Kaluga Urban Okrug" (
Rank | Scientific Name | Common Name |
---|---|---|
family | Carabidae | Ground beeles |
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
The dataset includes two related tables related by the eventID field – Events and Associated occurrences (
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
eventID(Event Core, Occurrence Extension) | An identifier for the sample plot and the trapping period. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:eventID A key field for relation between tables, categorical, 425 unique values,examples: "94-Park", "15-Bx-2015-09-12" |
parentEventID (Event Core, Occurrence Extension) | An identifier for the sample plot. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:parentEventID ID of season whole trapping period, in some cases eventID = parentEventID. Caregorical, 60 unique values, examples: "94-EBC", "97-Park", "08-Sev". |
samplingProtocol (Event Core) | Sampling protocol. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:samplingProtocol Textual description, constant: "soil pitfall traps" |
samplingEffort (Event Core) | Amount of trap-days for each sampling term. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:samplingEffort Textual description, example: "15 pitfall traps per 13 days" |
habitat (Event Core) | Description of the habitat. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:habitat Textual description, examples: "Garden including apple trees", "Grassy pine forest" |
countryCode (Event Core) | The standard code for the Russian Federation according to ISO 3166-1-alpha-2. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:countryCode Categorical, constant: "RU" |
locality (Event Core) | The specific description of the place. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:locality Brief textual description, 31 unique values, examples: "Kaluga city, Gagarina street", "Kaluga city, Berezujsky gully" |
decimalLatitude (Event Core) | The geographic latitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:decimalLatitude Numerical variable of decimal type with a precision of 6 and scale of 4 ranged between 54.4808 and 54.5996 |
decimalLongitude (Event Core) | The geographic longitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:decimalLongitude Numerical variable of decimal type with a precision of 6 and scale of 4 ranged between 36.1965 and 36.3661 |
geodeticDatum (Event Core) | Spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates are given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:geodeticDatum Categorical, constant: "WGS84" |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres (Event Core) | The maximum uncertainty distance in metres. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:coordinateUncertaintyInMeters Numerical variable of integer type, constant: 50 |
eventDate(Event Core) | Trap period (YYYY-MM-DD/YYYY-MM-DD). https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:eventDate Date, 183 unique values, example: '2007-05-29/2007-06-05' |
startDayOfYear (Event Core) | The earliest integer day of the year on which the Event occurred. http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/startDayOfYear Numerical, ranged between 97 and 282 |
endDayOfYear (Event Core) | The latest integer day of the year on which the Event occurred. http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/endDayOfYear Numerical, ranged between 118 and 315 |
occurrenceID (Occurrence Extension) | An identifier for the occurrence. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:occurrenceID Numerical, integer counter with values between 1 and 84971 |
basisOfRecord (Occurrence Extension) | The specific nature of the record. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:basisOfRecord Categorical according to vocabulary, constant: "HumanObservation" |
scientificName (Occurrence Extension) | Scientific name according to GBIF Backbone. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:scientificName Cathegorical based on checklist, example: "Amara spreta (Dejean, 1831)" |
taxonRank (Occurrence Extension) | The taxonomic rank. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:taxonRank Сategorical according to vocabulary, constant: "species" |
occurrenceStatus (Occurrence Extension) | A statement about the presence or absence of this taxon in the trapping period. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:occurrenceStatus Categorical according to vocabulary, "present" or "absent" |
organismQuantity (Occurrence Extension) | The quantity of beetles. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:organismQuantity Relative abundance expressed in values of decimal type. Numerical variable of decimal type, ranged between 0.02 and 242.222 |
organismQuantityType (Occurrence Extension) | The type of quantification system used for the quantity of beetles. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:organismQuantityTypeTextual, constant: "individuals per 100 trap days" |
kingdom (Occurrence Extension) | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:kingdom Categorical according to GBIF Backbone checklist, constant: "Animalia" |
individualCount (Occurrence Extension) | The number of individuals represented present at the time of the Occurrence. https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:individualCount Numerical of integer type, ranged between 0 and 1401 |
coordinatePrecision (Event core) | A decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude. http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinatePrecision Numerical on decimal type, constant: 0.0001 |
georeferenceSources (Event core) | A list (concatenated and separated) of resources used to georeference the Location. http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceSources Categorical, 2 unique values: "Google Maps" | "satellite navigation" |
We are grateful to all volunteers of the "Stenus" ecological club associated with Kaluga Regional Eco-biological Centre, who helped us to collect and sort the beetles, especially to Maxim Garkunov, Dmitry Gusarov, Dmitry Khvaletsky, Dmitry Pshechenko, Alexander Rogulenko, Sergei Tarasov and Elena Komogorova. We appreciate all land owners, who allowed us to expose pitfall traps. We thank Kirill Makarov, Andrey Matalin, Boris Kataev, Evgeniy Komarov, Dmitry Fedorenko and Igor Sokolov for helping in the identification of difficult species and advice in carabid research.