Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Oksana Mukhortova (muhortova-o@mail.ru), Stepan Senator (stsenator@yandex.ru)
Academic editor: Dmitry Schigel
Received: 12 Oct 2021 | Accepted: 07 Nov 2021 | Published: 09 Nov 2021
© 2021 Oksana Mukhortova, Stepan Senator, Elena Unkovskaya
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Mukhortova O, Senator S, Unkovskaya E (2021) Distribution and species composition of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) in the Basin of the Middle Volga River, Russia. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e76455. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e76455
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The presented dataset contains information on the distribution and species composition of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) registered in the Basin of the Middle Volga River, Russia. The studies have been performed in the Kuibyshev Reservoir (Samara Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan), the Saratov Reservoir (Samara Oblast), in several lakes (Raifskoe, Gniloe, Krugloe and Lenevo) in the Volzhsko-Kamsky State Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Tatarstan) and in Lake Aslikul, one of the largest lakes of the Middle Volga River Basin, located in the Asly-Kul Natural Park (Republic of Bashkortostan). The hydrobiological data were obtained and published from 1957 to 2020. In total, the dataset includes 5141 records of 111 zooplankton species (including 17 subspecies), belonging to 45 genera. These are mainly native species - 98.5%, while the naturalised, including invasive species, accounts for less than 1.5%.
A total of 5141 records have been published on the taxonomic diversity and occurrence of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) in the Middle Volga River Basin. Each record includes information about the place and date of finding the specimen, its taxonomy, occurrence and abundance and the collector. If the information about the find has been published, a link to the corresponding reference is provided. The presented dataset supplements the data on the distribution of zooplankton species in the European part of Russia. Data on zooplankton in the Middle Volga River Basin are published for the first time.
dataset, occurrence, zooplankton, Rotifera, Crustacea, field studies, abundance, Middle Volga River
Zooplankton is the main consumer of microalgae, which plays an important role in the transformation of organic matter (
The study aims to present a published dataset containing information on the zooplankton distribution, species composition and abundance (rotifers and crustaceans) in the Middle Volga River Basin (European part of Russia).
Distribution and species composition of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) in the Basin of the Middle Volga River, Russia
Oksana Mukhortova, Stepan Senator, Elena Unkovskaya
The studies covered the Kuibyshev Reservoir (Samara Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan), the Saratov Reservoir (Samara Oblast), several lakes (Raifskoe, Gniloe, Krugloe and Lenevo) in the Volzhsko-Kamsky State Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Tatarstan) and Lake Aslikul, one of the largest lakes of the Middle Volga River Basin, located in the Asly-Kul Natural Park (Republic of Bashkortostan) (Fig.
The distribution of the number of records on the species composition and abundance of zooplankton for the Kuibyshev Reservoir (81% in total), the Saratov Reservoir (10%) and in the Lakes (5%) is presented below (Fig.
The first step was to collate a general list of zooplankton species (including rotifers and crustaceans) found in the Middle Volga River Basin. All records are confirmed by collection samples stored at the Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences. The earliest records on the species composition of zooplankton in the Middle Volga date back to 1957, the latest being obtained in 2020 (Fig.
In addition, some species are expanding their areas and actively conquer new reservoirs. For example, in the first decade of the XXI century, the rotifer Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908), an invader species of American origin, has been found more frequently in Russia than before. By 2015, K. bostoniensis was found in more than 40 different types of water bodies and watercourses of the European part of Russia. This rotifer species is widespread; it has become a common species in forest lakes and rivers of the Baltic Sea Basin and the Volga-Baltic watershed area. In the Volga River Basin, it settled south to 55° N (lakes of the Basins of the Oka and Pra Rivers) and to the east almost up to 45° E (Kerzhenets River, Basin of the Cheboksary Reservoir) (
The study was carried out within the framework of the State Program for Basic Research for 2013–2021, projects nos. АААА-F17-117112040039-7 and АААА-F17-117112040040-3
The presented dataset on taxonomic compositions and abundance of zooplankton in the Middle Volga River Basin is based on published materials (
The identification of the species composition of zooplankton was performed in 1957–2020. Standard hydrobiological methods for studying zooplankton were applied (
All samples were identified by the researchers working in the Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences and were stored in the scientific collection of the Institute. The reliability of the taxonomic definitions was confirmed by taxonomists of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (
1. The materials presented in scientific monographs served as the initial data for developing a complete list of zooplankton species in the Middle Volga River Basin (
2. The obtained information is supplemented by the results of field sampling of zooplankton, which have been carried out regularly in the study area (Figs
From 1957—2006, the zooplankton sampling was also performed with a 10-dm3 Dzyuban bathometer and a Juday net (nylon sieve, 99-µm mesh, 0.1-dm3 cod end). In the Saratov Reservoir and lakes, zooplankton samples were taken also with a 4-dm3 Ruthner bathometer and concentrated through a plankton net as described above (
The percentage of records in the dataset of the samples collected with the Dyachenko bathometer is 92% of total number of samples, Dzyuban bathometer, 1%, Ruthner bathometer, 0.5% and Juday net, 7%.
3. The zooplankton species were identified using the taxonomic keys for local fauna (
4. The calculation of the zooplankton occurrence (ind.) was carried out according to an accepted standard (
5. The dataset field names were chosen according to the Darwin Core (
The Volga River is located in the European part of Russia. It is one of the largest rivers worldwide, the world's largest river flowing into a closed body of water and the largest river in terms of water content, watershed area and length in Europe. The studies were carried out in the Middle Volga River Basin, namely, in the Kuibyshev Reservoir (Samara Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan) and Saratov Reservoir (Samara Oblast), in several lakes (Raifskoe, Gniloe, Krugloe and Lenevo), located in the Volzhsko-Kamsky State Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Tatarstan) and in Lake Aslikul, one of the largest lakes of the Middle Volga River Basin, located in the Asly-Kul Natural Park (Republic of Bashkortostan).
53.149920 and 55.917733 Latitude; 48.612276 and 54.623405 Longitude.
The dataset includes the records on the taxonomic diversity of zooplankton in the Middle Volga River Basin, represented by 111 species (including 17 subspecies), 45 genera, 25 families, one superorder and two phyla (Table
Phylum, Order | Absolute number | Records | ||
Families | Genera | Species | ||
Rotifera | 17 | 24 | 69 | 3477 |
Arthropoda | 8 | 21 | 42 | 1664 |
including Crustacea: | ||||
Cyclopiformes | 1 | 4 | 10 | 409 |
Calaniformes | 2 | 4 | 5 | 171 |
Total | 25 | 45 | 111 | 514 |
One of the most common and abundant species of zooplankton is Mytilina ventralis ventralis; it is a characteristic species of the Kuibyshev Reservoir (Figs
Families Asplanchnidae, Bosminidae, Brachionidae, Chydoridae, Conochilidae, Cyclopidae, Diaptomidae, Dicranophoridae, Diplostraca, Epiphanidae, Euchlanidae, Eurycercidae, Gastropodidae, Lecanidae, Lepadellidae, Macrothricidae, Mytilinidae, Philodinidae, Sididae, Synchaetidae and Trochosphaeridae are the most diverse, accounting for 80% of records (Fig.
Several families of Rotifera are represented by a single species (~ 1% of records): Hexarthridae (Hexarthra mira (Hudson, 1871)), Animalia (Itura aurita (Ehrenberg, 1838)) and Notommatidae (Eosphora najas Ehrenberg, 1830). Temoridae family (Eurytemora velox (Lilljeborg, 1853)), which accounts for 0.5% of the records, are rare representatives of Crustacea (Fig.
The occurrence of zooplankton in the samples collected varied from 1 ind. to 3161 ind. (on average ~ 87.01 ± 123 ind.).
The zooplankton abundance in different water bodies ranged from 0.33 to 1,046 thousand ind./m3 (on average ~ 13.79 ± 50.51 thousand ind./m3).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License.
The presented dataset contains information on the distribution and species composition of zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) registered in the Basin of the Middle Volga River, Russia. The hydrobiological data were obtained and published from 1957 to 2020. In total, the dataset includes 5141 records of 111 zooplankton species (including 17 subspecies), belonging to 45 genera.
Column label | Column description |
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eventID | An identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a place and time). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the dataset. |
occurrenceID | An identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the occurrenceID globally unique. |
scientificName | The full scientific name, with authorship and date information, if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in the lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term. |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName. |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified. |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName. |
infraspecificEpithet | The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation. |
establishmentMeans | The process by which the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence became established at the location. |
samplingProtocol | The methods or protocols used during an Event, denoted by an IRI. |
sampleSizeValue | A numeric value for a measurement of the size (time duration, length, area or volume) of a sample in a sampling event. |
sampleSizeUnit | The unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area or volume) of a sample in a sampling event. |
individualCount | The number of individuals present at the time of the Occurrence. |
eventDate | The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded. Not suitable for a time in a geological context. |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record. |
occurrenceStatus | A statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location. |
recordedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups or organisations responsible for recording the original Occurrence. The primary collector or observer, especially one who applies a personal identifier (recordNumber), should be listed first. |
identifiedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups or organisations who assigned the Taxon to the subject. |
higherGeographyID | An identifier for the geographic region within which the Location occurred. |
country | The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs. |
countryCode | The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs. |
stateProvince | The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region etc.) in which the Location occurs. |
county | The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department etc.) in which the Location occurs. |
waterBody | The name of the water body in which the Location occurs. |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive. |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates). Zero is not a valid value for this term. |
geodeticDatum | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. |
minimumDepthInMetres | The lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in metres. |
maximumDepthInMetres | The greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in metres. |
verbatimDepth | The original description of the depth below the local surface. |
georeferencedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups or organisations who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location. |
institutionCode | The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record. |
language | The language of the resource |
associatedReferences | A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the Occurrence. |
The authors are thankful to R. Sabitova (Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences) for her participation in field research and N. Ivanova (Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of Russian Academy of Sciences) for her technical support and consultations. We are also grateful to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility for the "Call for data papers describing datasets from Russia" project.