Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Michael Kuhlmann
Received: 06 Jan 2016 | Accepted: 12 May 2016 | Published: 07 Jun 2016
© 2016 Samantha Ward, Yuan Tung Shih, Chiun-Cheng Ko, Andrew Polaszek
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Ward S, Shih Y, Ko C, Polaszek A (2016) Two new species of EretmocerusHaldeman (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Aleurolobus rhododendri Takahashi and Dialeuropora decempunctata (Quaintance & Baker) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7713. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7713
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Species of Eretmocerus Haldeman develop as primary ecto-endoparasites of whiteflies (
Two new species, Eretmocerus garrywardi Ward sp. nov. and Eretmocerus liangyihchoui Shih sp. nov. found parasitizing Aleurolobus rhododendri Takahashi and Dialeuropora decempunctata respectively, are described. A key to females of Eretmocerus species occurring in Taiwan is provided.
taxonomy, whitefly parasitoid, Bemisia tabaci-complex
Species of Eretmocerus Haldeman develop as primary ecto-endoparasites of whiteflies (
A series of surveys were undertaken from 2004 to 2014 for collection of parasitoid host whiteflies, scale insects and aphids in Taiwan (see
Morphological terminology and the format for species descriptions follow
Line drawings were made using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope located in the Dept. of Entomology, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan.
The holotypes and paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, and Taiwan Agriculural Research Institute, Taiwan. Paratypes of both species are also deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK.
KCC: K.C. Chou (collector)
BMNH: Natural History Museum, London UK
NTU: National Taiwan University
TARI: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute
YTS: Y.T. Shih (collector)
Female holotype.
Body length: 0.90 mm.
Colour. Head and body entirely yellow, wings hyaline. Legs pale yellow except basal margins of mid and hind femora darker.
Morphology.
Antenna (Fig.
Head (Figs
Mesosoma (Fig.
Wings (Fig.
Legs. Fore coxa with 3 setae on lateral margin; trochanter with 2 short setae and without reticulations. Mid coxa with 4 setae; mid tibial spur 0.5× basitarsus length. Hind coxa with 2 pairs of setae, 1 short pair placed close to the base; trochanter with 3 setae; hind tibial spur 0.5× basitarsus length.
Gaster. Gastral tergite 1 with reticulations on lateral margins; tergites 1–6 with paired setae as follows: 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3-4; syntergum (T7) with 4 setae; ovipositor (Fig.
Male.
Colour. Similar to female, except middle area of mid lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum pale brown. Marginal vein and Submarginal vein pale brown.
Head as female, except interscrobal area circular, fewer setae on vertex, face and occiput. Antenna with 3 segments, clava cylindrical, acutely pointed at apex. Mesosoma as female, except mid lobe of mesoscutum, and scutellum, with strong reticulate sculpture. Genitalia with elongate aedeagus, phallobase present.
Eretmocerus garrywardi sp.n. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: Antennal clava laminate and blade-shaped. F1 ring-like; F2 triangular-trapezoid. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 6 setae; side lobe of mesoscutum with 2 setae; propodeum elongate. Fore wing with an unusual linear arrangement of setae; marginal vein longer than stigmal vein; marginal fringe more than 0.25x wing width.
Named for Garry Ward, father of the first author.
TAIWAN: New Taipei City: Beitou; Taoyuan: Guanyin, Linkou; Taichung City: Dakeng, Puli; Changhua County: Baguashan; Pingtung County: Wanluan.
Hosts: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Dialeuropora decempunctata (Quaintance & Baker), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius).
Female holotype.
Body length: 1.1 mm.
Colour. Head yellow to pale brown. Mesosoma yellow, some individuals with mid lobe of mesoscutum and metanotum brown; propodeum dark brown, but paler laterally. Gaster yellow. Antenna yellow to pale brown. Wings hyaline, except marginal and submarginal vein brown. Legs pale yellow.
Morphology.
Antenna (Fig.
Head (Fig.
Mesosoma (Fig.
Wings (Fig.
Legs. Mid tibial spur 0.5× basitarsus length. Hind tibial spur 0.3× basitarsus length.
Gaster. Gastral tergite 1 with reticulations on lateral margins; tergites 1–6 with paired setae as follows: 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1; syntergum (T7) with 4 setae; ovipositor (Fig.
Male. Unknown.
Eretmocerus liangyihchoui sp.n. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: Mesoscutum with 8 setae; scape more than 0.66x clava length; propodeum dark brown.
The species name liangyihchoui commemorates the late Dr Chou Liang-yih’s contribution to Aphelinidae studies in Taiwan.
TAIWAN: Taipei City: Kungkuan, Mucha, Yangmingshan; New Taipei City: Ankeng; Taoyuan City: Linkou; Nantou County; Taichung City: Wufeng, TARI; Yunlin County: Huwei; Chiai City; Kaohsiung City: Fengshan.
Host.
Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleurolobus rhododendri Takahashi.
Key to females of Eretmocerus species from Taiwan |
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1 | F1 of antenna anelliform (ring like) | 2 |
– | F1 of antenna not anelliform; triangular, trapezoid, or longer than wide | 3 |
2 | Marginal vein longer than stigmal vein | E. garrywardi Ward sp. n. |
– | Marginal vein length equal to stigmal vein length | E. orientalis Silvestri |
3 | Mesoscutum with 6 or more setae | 4 |
– | Mesoscutum with fewer than 6 setae | 10 |
4 | Mesoscutum with 8 setae | E. liangyihchoui Shih sp. n |
– | Mesoscutum with 6 setae | 5 |
5 | Propodeum brown | 6 |
– | Propodeum yellow | 7 |
6 | Marginal fringe more than 0.25x maximum wing width | E. queenslandensis Schmidt & Naumann |
– | Marginal fringe less than 0.25x maximum wing width | E. tongxiaoensis Shih & Polaszek |
7 | T3 with one pair of setae | 8 |
– | T3 with two pairs of setae | 9 |
8 | T4 with one pair of setae | E. trialeurodis Hayat |
– | T4 with two pairs of setae | E. lannae Shih & Polaszek |
9 | Clava cylindrical | E. rui Zolnerowich & Rose |
– | Clava spatulate | E. flavus Krishnan & David |
10 | Mesoscutum with 2 setae | E. bisetae Hayat |
– | Mesoscutum with 4 setae | 11 |
11 | F1 triangular | E. furuhashii Rose & Zolnerowich |
– | F1 trapezoid or quadrate | 12 |
12 | Scutellum pale | E. mundus Mercet |
– | Scutellum brown | E. melanoscutum Zolnerowich & Rose, 1998 |
This study was partly funded by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (Project No. 102-2628-B-002-019-MY3). We are grateful to John Noyes (Natural History Museum, London) for providing references.