Biodiversity Data Journal : Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Data Paper (Biosciences)
An occurence records database of Irregular Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Mexico
expand article infoAlejandra Martínez-Melo‡, Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín§, Blanca Estela Buitrón-Sánchez‡, Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras§
‡ Insituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
§ Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Bruno Danis
Received: 07 Jan 2016 | Accepted: 04 Jul 2016 | Published: 07 Jul 2016
© 2016 Alejandra Martínez-Melo, Francisco Solís-Marín, Blanca Buitrón-Sánchez, Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Martínez-Melo A, Solís-Marín F, Buitrón-Sánchez B, Laguarda-Figueras A (2016) An occurence records database of Irregular Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7729. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7729
 Open Access

Abstract

Background

Research on echinoderms in Mexico began in the late nineteenth century. We present a dataset that includes the taxonomic and geographic information of irregular echinoids from Mexico, housed in four collections: 1) Colección Nacional de Equinodermos “Ma. Elena Caso Muñoz” from the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); 2) Invertebrate Zoology Collection, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., United States of America (USA); 3) Invertebrate Collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, University of Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA and 4) Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

New information

A total of six orders, 17 families, 35 genera and 68 species are reported, 37 distributed in the Pacific coast and 31 in the Atlantic coast, none of them was found in both coasts. The most diverse region is the Gulf of California (S=32); the most diverse order is Spatangoida with 31 species reported in mexican waters.

Keywords

Gulf of California, Panamic Region, Bank of Campeche, Echinoneoida, Cassiduloida, Echinolampadoida, Clypeasteroida, Holasteroida, Spatangoida, Colección Nacional de Equinodermos "Ma. Elena Caso Muñoz".

Introduction

Research on echinoderms in Mexico started on 1838 with the report of Mellita hexapora in Veracruz by L. E. Agassiz and G. Valentin. During XIX century, the Challenger and Albatross expeditions collected specimens in mexican territory (Durán-González et al. 2005).

Caso published a series of monographs (Caso 1978, Caso 1980, Caso 1983) of echinoid species of the Pacific coast of Mexico, including diagnosis, synonyms, description, measurements, distribution, reports in Mexico and catalogue number for each species, as well as taxonomic keys for the order, family genus and species level. Bravo-Tzompantzi et al. 1999 reported the echinoids from Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, known as a diverse area for echinoderms. They present taxonomic keys, systematics, illustrations, as well as geographic and bathymetric data. Bravo-Tzompantzi et al. 2000 enlisted fossil and extant echinoid species from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean Coast. This work described the problems around the economic importance and the legal aspects of using the natural resources of the Atlantic coast of Mexico.

Solís-Marín et al. 2013 reported 58 species of irregular echinoids in Mexico, analyzing the fauna in different marine regions, where the Gulf of Mexico was the most diverse region of echinoids in Mexico. A revision of echinoids form the Gulf of Mexico (Laguarda-Figueras et al. 2005a) reported species collected in different oceanographic expeditions, including geographic coordinates of the reports; that revision includes taxonomic keys for the echinoids from the Gulf of Mexico as well as photographs, synonyms, diagnosis, descriptions and distribution for each species. Similar works have been published for echinoderm species reported for different marine regions in Mexico: 51 species of echinoids in Gulf of Mexico (Durán-González et al. 2005), 36 species of echinoids in the Mexican Caribbean (Laguarda-Figueras et al. 2005b) and 40 species of echinoids in the Gulf of California (Solís-Marín et al. 2005).

In this work we present a dataset that includes the taxonomic and geographic information of irregular echinoids from Mexico; this data was submitted in a parsimony analysis endemicity (Martínez-Melo et al. 2014) resulting in four biogeographic regions in the Atlantic coast and five in the Pacific coast, suggesting that the oceanic currents and sediments are the environmental factors that determine the distribution of irregular echinoids in the Mexican Atlantic coast; on the other hand, oceanic currents and depth are the environmental factors that determine the distribution of irregular echinoids in the Mexican Pacific coast.

Mexico host an important diversity of echinoderms. 643 species have been reported in mexican territory, aboout 10% of the species of echinoderms reported in the world (Solís-Marín et al. 2013). Recognizing the mexican species has been possible due to taxonomic inventories of the phylum in different coastal habitats, represeting valuable information (Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras 2012).

Sampling methods

Description: 

See spatial coverage and geographic coverage descriptions.

Sampling description: 

This study includes irregular echinoids collections. Records of irregular echinoids were recovered from four biological collections:

  1. National Echinoderms Collection “Ma. Elena Caso Muñoz”, Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology (ICML), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
  2. Invertebrate Zoology Collection, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., United States of America (USA).
  3. Invertebrate Collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, University of Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  4. Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Quality control: 

We redetermined specimens at species level, and the species were classified under the criteria of Kroh and Smith 2010; sbspecies were included at species level. Names were verified against the Worls Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Collection data were downloaded from the databases from 4 biologic collections (1.ICML-UNAM, 2.USNM, 3.MCZ, 4.YPM). and copied from specimens labels. Geographic data were corroborated with electronic maps by Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS).

Geographic coverage

Description: 

This study covers the Economic Exclusive Zone of Mexico, including both coastlines Fig. 1

Figure 1.  

Economic Exclusive Zone of Mexico

Taxonomic coverage

Description: 

This database concerns all irregular echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Irregularia) species inhabiting Mexico. Species are listed in Table 1, including the scientific collections where material is hosted and the marine provinces (according to Aguayo and Trápaga 1996) where the species inhabits.

Table 1.
Download as
CSV
XLSX

Species of Irregular Echinods (Echinodermata: Irregularia) from Mexico. Collections where the species were located: 1. ICML-UNAM, 2. USNM, 3. MCZ, 4. YPM. Marine Provinces where the species were reported: I. Lower California-Pacífic, II. Gulf of California, III. Panamic Region of the Pacific Ocean, IV. Southwest of the Gulf of Mexico, V. Bank of Campeche, VI. Mexican Caribbean. See Fig. 2.

ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES 1 2 3 4 I II III IV V VI
Echinoneoida H. L. Clark, 1925
Echinoneidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847
Echinoneus Leske, 1778
Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, 1778 * * * * *
Cassiduloida Claus, 1880
Cassidulidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847
Cassidulus Lamarck, 1801
Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801; 1218 * *
Rhyncholampas A. Agassiz, 1869
Rhyncholampas pacificus (A. Agassiz, 1863) * * * * * *
Echinolampadoida Kroh & Smith, 2010
Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851
Conolampas A. Agassiz, 1883
Conolampas sigsbei (A. Agassiz, 1878) * * * * *
Echinolampas Gray, 1825
Echinolampas depressa Gray, 1851 * * * * *
Clypeasteroida L. Agassiz, 1835
Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
Clypeaster Lamarck, 1801
Clypeaster chesheri Serafy, 1970 * * *
Clypeaster europacificus H. L. Clark, 1914 * * * *
Clypeaster ochrus H. L. Clark, 1914 * * * * *
Clypeaster prostratus (Ravenel, 1845) * *
Clypeaster ravenelii (A. Agassiz, 1869) * * * * * *
Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) * * * *
Clypeaster rotundus (A. Agassiz, 1863) * * * * *
Clypeaster speciosus Verrill, 1870 * * * * * *
Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) * * * *
Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
Echinocyamus van Phelsum, 1774
Echinocyamus grandiporus Mortensen, 1907 * * *
Echinocyamus macrostomus Mortensen, 1907 * *
Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
Dendraster L. Agassiz, 1847
Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz, 1829) * * * * *
Dendraster terminalis (Grant & Hertlein, 1938) * *
Dendraster vizcainoensis Grant & Hertlein, 1938 * * *
Mellitidae Stephanini, 1912
Encope L. Agassiz, 1840
Encope aberrans Martens, 1867 * * *
Encope grandis L. Agassiz, 1841 * * * * *
Encope michelini L. Agassiz, 1841 * * * * * *
Encope micropora L. Agassiz, 1841 * * * * * * *
Encope perspectiva L. Agassiz, 1841 * * * * * *
Encope wetmorei A. H. Clark, 1946 * * * * * *
Leodia Gray, 1851
Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) * *
Mellita L. Agassiz, 1841
Mellita grantii Mortensen, 1948 * * *
Mellita kanakoffi Durham, 1961 * *
Mellita longifissa Michelin, 1858 * * * * * *
Mellita notabilis H. L. Clark, 1947 * * *
Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) * * *
Holasteroida Durham & Melville, 1957
Urechinidae Duncan, 1889
Cystechinus A. Agassiz, 1879
Cystechinus giganteus A. Agassiz, 1898 * * *
Cystechinus loveni (A. Agassiz, 1898) * * * *
Urechinus A. Agassiz, 1879
Urechinus reticulatus H. L. Clark, 1913 * *
Plaexechinidae Mooi & David, 1996
Plexechinus A. Agassiz, 1898
Plexechinus cinctus A. Agassiz, 1898 * *
Pourtalesiidae A. Agassiz, 1881
Cystocrepis Mortensen, 1907
Cystocrepis setigera (A. Agassiz, 1898) * * *
Pourtalesia A. Agassiz, 1869
Pourtalesia tanneri A. Agassiz, 1898 * * *
Spatangoida L. Agassiz, 1840
Schizasteridae Lambert, 1905
Aceste Thomson, 1877
Aceste bellidifera Thomson, 1877 * *
Brisaster Gray, 1855
Brisaster latifrons (A. Agassiz, 1898) * * *
Brisaster townsendi (A. Agassiz, 1898) * * * *
Hypselaster H. L. Clark, 1917
Hypselaster limicolus (A. Agassiz, 1878) * * * *
Moira A. Agassiz, 1872
Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) * * *
Moira clotho (Michelin, 1855) * * * *
Schizaster L. Agassiz, 1836
Schizaster floridiensis Kier & Grant, 1965 * *
Prenasteridae Lambert, 1905
Agassizia Valenciennes, 1846
Agassizia excentrica A. Agassiz, 1869 * *
Agassizia scrobiculata Valenciennes, 1846 * * * * * *
Paleopneustidae A. Agassiz, 1904
Paleopneustes A. Agassiz, 1873
Paleopneustes tholoformis Chesher, 1968 * *
Palaeotropidae Lambert, 1896
Palaeobrissus A. Agassiz, 1883
Palaeobrissus hilgardi A. Agassiz, 1883 * *
Brissidae Gray, 1855
Brissopsis L. Agassiz, 1840
Brissopsis alta Mortensen, 1907 * * *
Brissopsis atlantica Mortensen, 1907 * * * * *
Brissopsis columbaris A. Agassiz, 1898 * * *
Brissopsis pacifica (A. Agassiz, 1898) * * * * *
Brissus Gray, 1825
Brissus latecarinatus (Leske, 1778) * *
Brissus obesus Verrill, 1867 * * * * * *
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) * * * * *
Meoma Gray, 1851
Meoma ventricosa grandis Gray, 1851 * * * * *
Meoma ventricosa ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816) * * * * *
Metalia Gray, 1851
Metalia nobilis Verrill, 1867 * *
Metalia spatagus (Linnaeus, 1758) * * *
Neopneustes Duncan, 1889
Neopneustes micrasteroides (Duncan, 1889) * *
Plagiobrissus Pomel, 1883
Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) * * * *
Plagiobrissus pacificus H. L. Clark, 1940 * *
Rhynobrissus Agassiz, 1872
Rhynobrissus cuneus Cooke, 1957 * *
Spatangidae Gray, 1825
Plethotaenia H. L. Clark, 1917
Plethotaenia angularis Chesher, 1968 * *
Plethotaenia spatangoides (A. Agassiz, 1883) * * * * *
Spatangus H. L. Clark, 1917
Spatangus californicus H. L. Clark, 1917 * * *
Loveniidae Lambert, 1905
Homolampas Agassiz, 1874
Homolampas fragilis (A. Agassiz, 1869) * *
Lovenia Desor, 1847
Lovenia cordiformis A. Agass
Taxa included:
Rank Scientific Name
kingdom Animalia
phylum Echinodermata
class Echinoidea
subclass Irregularia

Temporal coverage

Living time period: 
1838 - 2014.
Notes: 

This study includes reports of irregular echinoids collected in Mexico from different expeditions since 1838 to date.

Collection data

Collection name: 
Colección Nacional de Equinodermos "María Elena Caso Muñoz"
Collection identifier: 
ICML-UNAM
Specimen preservation method: 
Dry and ethanol alcohol.

Usage rights

Use license: 
Оpen Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL)

Data resources

Data package title: 
Occurence of Irregular Echinoids in mexican waters
Number of data sets: 
1
Data set name: 
Irregularia
Data format: 
Darwin Core
Description: 

Suppl. material 1

Column label Column description
dc:type The nature or genre of the resource For Darwin Core, recommended best practice is to use the name of the class that defines the root of the record.
dc:language A language of the resource Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646].
dc:rightsHolder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource
dc:accessRights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
basisOfRecord The specific nature of the data record - a subtype of the dcterms:type Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Darwin Core Type Vocabulary (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/#basisOfRecord).
individualID An identifier for an individual or named group of individual organisms represented in the Occurrence. Meant to accommodate resampling of the same individual or group for monitoring purposes. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to a data set.
individualCount The number of individuals represented present at the time of the Occurrence.
disposition The current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in collectionCode or collectionID Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Continent The name of the continent in which the Location occurs Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names or the ISO 3166 Continent code.
waterBody The name of the water body in which the Location occurs Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
iIslandGroup The name of the island group in which the Location occurs Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
island The name of the island on or near which the Location occurs Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
country The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
countryCode The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs Recommended best practice is to use ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country codes.
stateProvince The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc) in which the Location occurs.
municipality The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than county (city, municipality, etc) in which the Location occurs Do not use this term for a nearby named place that does not contain the actual location.
locality The specific description of the place Less specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms (higherGeography, continent, country, stateProvince, county, municipality, waterBody, island, islandGroup) This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description.
verbatimDepth The original description of the depth below the local surface
verbatimLatitude The verbatim original latitude of the Location The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem
verbatimLongitude The verbatim original longitude of the Location The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem
verbatimCoordinateSystem The spatial coordinate system for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary
verbatimSRS The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based Recommended best practice is use the EPSG code as a controlled vocabulary to provide an SRS, if known Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known If none of these is known, use the value "unknown".
scientificName The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term.
acceptedNameUsage The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon.
parentNameUsage The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName.
kingdom The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified
phylum The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified.
class The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.
order The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.
family The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.
genus The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified.
specificEpithet The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName.
infraSpecificEpithet The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation.
taxonRank The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
scientificNameAuthorship The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode.
nomenclaturalCode The nomenclatural code (or codes in the case of an ambiregnal name) under which the scientificName is constructed Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
taxonomicStatus The status of the use of the scientificName as a label for a taxon Requires taxonomic opinion to define the scope of a taxon Rules of priority then are used to define the taxonomic status of the nomenclature contained in that scope, combined with the experts opinion It must be linked to a specific taxonomic reference that defines the concept Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Figure 2.  

Marine Provinces where the species were reported: I. Lower California-Pacífic, II. Gulf of California, III. Panamic Region of the Pacific Ocean, IV. Southwest of the Gulf of Mexico, V. Bank of Campeche, VI. Mexican Caribbean (taken from Aguayo and Trápaga 1996).

Acknowledgements

To A. Baldinger (Museum of Comparative Zoology, University of Harvard), D. Pawson and P. Greenhall (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution) and A. Duran Gonzalez (National Echinoderm Collection, ICML, UNAM) for enabling the revision of the echinoderm collections.

References

Supplementary material

Suppl. material 1: Occurence of Irregular Echinoids in mexican waters 
Authors:  Martínez-Melo, Solís-Marín, Buitrón-Sánchez & Laguarda-Figueras
Data type:  occurences, taxonomic
Brief description: 

The dataset provides the occurence of Irregular Echinoids species in mexican waters, reported in Darwin Core format and published in OBIS http://www.iobis.org/. This file includes the reports from 4 biologic collections (1.ICML-UNAM, 2.USNM, 3.MCZ, 4.YPM).

Filename: Irregularia Martinez et al_Mexico.xlsxDownload file (120.64 kb)
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