Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Dian-Ming Hu (hudianming1@163.com)
Academic editor: Ning Jiang
Received: 01 Nov 2021 | Accepted: 03 Dec 2021 | Published: 15 Dec 2021
© 2021 Xiao-Hong Li, Yu-Lin Liu, Hai-Yan Song, Dian-Ming Hu, Yang Gao, Hai-Jing Hu, Jian-Ping Zhou
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li X-H, Liu Y-L, Song H-Y, Hu D-M, Gao Y, Hu H-J, Zhou J-P (2021) Sporidesmiella lignicola sp. nov., a new hyphomycetous fungus from freshwater habitats in China. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e77414. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e77414
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Freshwater fungi, growing on submerged wood, can promote the degradation of organisms and the reuse of rotten wood energy and play key roles in freshwater ecosystems. Here, a new hyphomycetous fungus, Sporidesmiella lignicola, was isolated and identified from submerged wood samples collected in a small stream in Jiangxi Province, south-eastern China.
The new taxon was studied, based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses combined with LSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB2 sequences data. Sporidesmiella lignicola was morphologically characterised by its pink colonies on PDA medium in prophase, macronematous, mononematous, solitary, brown, septate, unbranched, straight or slightly flexuous conidiophores with holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, terminal, pale brown conidiogenous cells and cylindrical, narrowly clavate, broadly obovoid to cuneiform, 3–4-distoseptate, olivaceous brown or brown conidia with rounded apex. A phylogenetic tree was constructed, based on the combination of LSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB2 sequences data.
freshwater fungi, lignicolous fungi, hyphomycetes, taxonomy
The genus Sporidesmiella was introduced by Kirk to accommodate two newly-described species and four new combinations from Sporidesmium, with Sporidesmiella claviformis as the type species (
So far, the molecular data of Sporidesmiella are relatively few; there are DNA sequences of only five species deposited in NCBI, i.e. S. aquatic, S. fusiformis, S. hyalosperma, S. novae-zelandiae and S. obovoidia. Therefore, most Sporidesmiella species have not been subjected to molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Based on investigations of freshwater fungi in Jiangxi Province (
Submerged wood samples were collected randomly from a stream in Xinfeng County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China. The samples were taken to the laboratory in zip-lock bags and incubated in moist plastic boxes.
Fruiting bodies or colonies were examined following the method of
The fungal colonies on the rotten wood were picked up and placed in 200 μl sterile water to make a suspension, then the suspension was evenly spotted on potato dextrose agar (PDA), then cultured in a 28℃ incubator. The spore germination was observed every 12 hours and recorded. The germinating single spore was transfered to new PDA medium with a sterile needle under aseptic conditions and then cultured in a 28℃ incubator to obtain the pure strain.
DNA was extracted from the pure cultures with the CTAB method, following
Four novel sequences (OK091615, MZ613187, OK323223, OK323222) from the new taxon, together with reference sequences obtained from GenBank (Table
Taxa used in this study and their GenBank accession numbers. Ex-type strains are in bold; newly-generated sequences are highlighted with underline.
Abbreviation: MFLU: the Herbarium of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand; MFLUCC: Mae Fah Luang University Culture Collection, Chiang Rai, Thailand; HFJAU: Herbarium of Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China; CBS: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands; HSAUP: Herbarium of Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; HMAS: Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Dali University Culture Collection, Yunnan, China; JAUCC: Jiangxi Agricultural University Culture Collection, Nanchang, China. KUMCC: Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; CPC: Culture collection of Pedro Crous, housed at CBS.
Taxon |
Voucher/Culture |
GenBank accession numbers |
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LSU |
ITS |
TEF1α |
RPB2 |
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Botryotinia fuckeliana |
AFTOL-ID 59T |
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Dictyosporella aquatica |
CBS H-22127T |
_ |
_ |
_ |
|
Dictyosporella chiangmaiensis |
MFLUCC 17-2345T |
_ |
_ |
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Dictyosporella ellipsoidea |
MFLUCC 18-1042T |
_ |
_ |
_ |
|
Dictyosporella guizhouensis |
MFLU 18-1505T |
_ |
_ |
||
Dictyosporella guizhouensis |
MFLUCC 18-1232 |
_ |
|||
Dictyosporella hydei |
IFRDCC 3075T |
_ |
_ |
_ |
|
Dictyosporella thailandensis |
MFLUCC 15-0985T |
||||
Junewangia aquatic |
HFJAU 0700T |
_ |
_ |
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Junewangia globulosa |
CBS 126093 |
_ |
_ |
||
Junewangia lamma |
HSAUPH 4695 |
_ |
_ |
||
Junewangia lamma |
HMAS 44438 |
_ |
_ |
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Junewangia queenslandica |
HSAUPmyr 7722 |
_ |
_ |
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Junewangia sphaerospora |
HSAUPmyr 4733 |
_ |
_ |
||
Junewangia thailandica |
MFLU 15-2682T |
_ |
_ |
_ |
|
Sporidesmiella aquatica |
DLUCC 1339 |
_ |
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Sporidesmiella aquatic |
DLUCC 0777T |
_ |
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Sporidesmiella hyalosperma |
DLUCC 1518 |
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Sporidesmiella hyalosperma |
KUMCC 15-0431 |
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Sporidesmiella hyalosperma |
S-1320 |
_ |
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Sporidesmiella hyalosperma |
MFLUCC 18-1312 |
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Sporidesmiella hyalosperma |
MFLUCC 18-1013 |
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Sporidesmiella lignicola |
JAUCC 3436T |
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Sporidesmiella novae-zelandiae |
DLUCC 0951 |
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Sporidesmiella novae-zelandiae |
S-048 |
_ |
_ |
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Sporidesmiella novae-zelandiae |
DLUCC 1256 |
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Sporidesmiella obovoidia |
MFLUCC 17-2372T |
_ |
_ |
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Sporidesmium appendiculatum |
MFLU 18-0981T |
_ |
_ |
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Sporidesmium chiangmaiense |
MFLUCC 18-0999T |
_ |
_ |
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Sporidesmium dulongense |
MFLUCC 17-0116T |
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Sporidesmium lageniforme |
DLUCC 0880T |
||||
Sporidesmium melaleucae |
CPC 32936 |
_ |
_ |
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Sporidesmium melaleucae |
CPC 32707T |
_ |
_ |
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Sporidesmium pyriformatum |
MFLUCC 15-0627 |
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Sporidesmium pyriformatum |
MFLUCC 15-0620T |
The multilocus sequences were concatenated with PhyloSuite v. 1.2.2 (
Saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater habitats. Colonies effuse, hairy, pale brown. Mycelium mostly superficial, partly immersed, consisting of unbranched, septate, smooth, thick-walled, brown to dark brown hyphae. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiophores 110–150 × 3–7 μm (mean = 124.6 × 4.2, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, solitary, pale brown, smooth at the bottom and verrucose at the apex, septate, unbranched, straight or slightly flexuous. Conidiogenous cells 15–26 × 2–5 μm (mean = 22.4 × 4, n = 20), holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, terminal, pale brown, cylindrical. Conidia 18–26 × 7–11 μm (mean = 21 × 8.9, n = 20), acrogenous, dry, cylindrical, narrowly clavate, obovoid to broadly obovoid to cuneiform, truncate at the base, rounded or rarely coronate at the apex, 2–3-distoseptate, pale olivaceous to olivaceous brown or brown, smooth. Conidial session schizolytic (Fig.
Culture characteristics: On PDA, colony reaching 12 mm in 21 days at 28°C, pink from above, pink-grey from below, surface rough, dry, with loose mycelium and irregular edge. After half a year, the colony produces spores. The hyphae penetrate into the PDA medium, the surface colour becomes brown to dark brown, raised with white in the middle, reverse of culture pale brown to dark brown, with entire and regular edge. Mycelium composed of septate, pale brown, unbranched, smooth hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, solitary, cylindrical, straight or slightly flexuous, septate, brown, smooth, thick-walled, 37–54 × 3.5–5.5 μm (mean = 46.5 × 4.6, n = 20). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, terminal, pale brown, cylindrical, 10–26 × 3–7 μm (mean = 27.1 × 4.6, n = 20), slightly enlarged towards the apex. Conidia acrogenous, cylindrical, broadly obovoid to cuneiform, truncate at the base, rounded at the apex, 3–4-distoseptate, brown to pale olivaceous brown, smooth, 18–28 × 8–12 μm (mean = 22.3 × 9.6, n = 20) (Fig.
The specific epithet “lignicola” (Latin) meaning ‘‘growing on wood’’.
Saprophyte on wood submerged in a small stream.
Sporidesmiella lignicola is characterised by being cylindrical, broadly obovoid to cuneiform, truncate at the base, rounded at the apex, 3–4-distoseptate, pale olivaceous brown to brown, smooth, which is consistent with the characteristics of Sporidesmiella. Sporidesmiella lignicola is similar to S. obovoidia and S. hyalosperma in having polyblastic conidiogenous cells and obovoid, 3–4-distoseptate, brown conidia (
Species |
Conidiophores (µm) |
Conidiogenous cell (µm) |
Conidia |
Colour of cultures |
References |
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Shape |
Colour |
Size (µm) |
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S. hyalosperma |
Smooth, 90–110 × 3.5–4.7 |
35–48 × 4–4.5 |
obovoid or broadly clavate |
olivaceous brown |
18.5–25 × 8–10.5 |
reddish-brown from above and below |
Dong et al. 2021 |
S. lignicola |
Verrucose at the apex, 110–150 × 3–7 |
15–26 × 2–5 |
broadly obovoid to cuneiform |
brown or olivaceous brown |
18–26 × 7–11 |
pink from above, pink-grey from below |
This paper |
S. obovoidia |
Smooth, 80–125 × 3.5–4.5 |
10–40 × 3–4 |
mostly obovoid or broadly clavate |
brown or olivaceous brown |
20–25 × 9–11.5 |
grey-dark brown from above, black from below |
Dong et al. 2021 |
Based on a BLAST of NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database, the most similar sequence was Sporidesmiella obovoidia. The nucleotide comparison between S. lignicola and S. obovoidia showed differences of 10 and 4 nucleotides in ITS and LSU sequence data, respectively (Fig.
Unfortunately, the strain could not be successfully activated due to improper operation during preservation. When the original culture was retained for 6 months, the sporulation of mycelium could be observed under the microscope (Fig.
The analysed dataset comprised 35 taxa retrieved from GenBank and we selected Botryotinia fuckeliana (AFTOL-ID 59) as the outgroup taxon (Table 1). Partial nucleotide sequences of LSU (844bp), ITS (598bp), TEF1α (881bp), RPB2 (1059bp) and, for a total of 3382 characters including gaps, were used to determine the phylogenetic placement of the new taxon. The generated ML and Bayesian trees were similar in topology and the best scoring RAxML tree is presented in Fig.
Phylogenetic tree inferred from a Maximum Likelihood analysis, based on a concatenated alignment of LSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB2 sequences of 35 strains representing Sporidesmiella species and other similar species. Bootstrap support values (ML) for Maximum Likelihood higher than 80% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) greater than 0.80 are given at the nodes as ML/PP. The root of this tree is Botryotinia fuckeliana. Ex-type strains are in bold; new species are highlighted in red.
The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the new taxon (Sporidesmiella lignicola), together with species of S. obovoidia, S. hyalosperma, S. aquatica and S. novae-zelandiae, formed a distinct clade representing the genus Sporidesmiella with strong bootstrap support (100% MLBS, 1.00 PP). Additionally, in our phylogenetic analysis, the three genera Dictyosporella, Junewangia and Sporidesmiella constituted a well-supported clade with strong ML and BYPP bootstrap support (100% MLBS, 1.00 PP), which is in accordance with
Kirk (1982) established the genus Sporidesmiella with S. claviformis as the type species, which had accommodated 40 species before this study. This study introduced Sporidesmiella lignicola as a new hyphomycetous fungus from freshwater habitats. In our phylogenetic analysis, S. lignicola clustered in Sporidesmiella, together with Dictyosporella and Junewangia forming a well-supported clade representing Junewangiaceae.
Many species of Sporidesmiella are found on decaying leaves, wood, bark, dead branches, cane and culms. At present, only three species have been found on submerged wood. Our research provides a new freshwater fungus found on submerged wood for Sporidesmiella and we provide four new sequences data, enriching the molecular database of Sporidesmiella.
As a decomposer, lignicolous freshwater fungi play an important role in freshwater ecosystem and material cycles in nature. They are also important biological resources, which have great application potential. Lignicolous freshwater fungi are a great treasure of resources to be developed. Many unknown species are waiting for us to understand and explore.
Funds for research were provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 32070023 and NSFC 32060014), the Key Projects of Youth Fund of Jiangxi Science and Technology Department of China (20192ACBL21017), Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China (GJJ190168).