Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Dmitriy A. Philippov (philippov_d@mail.ru)
Academic editor: Dmitry Schigel
Received: 04 Nov 2021 | Accepted: 20 Dec 2021 | Published: 20 Jan 2022
© 2022 Dmitriy Philippov, Ksenya Ivicheva, Nadezhda Makarenkova, Igor Filonenko, Aleksandra Komarova
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Philippov DA, Ivicheva KN, Makarenkova NN, Filonenko IV, Komarova AS (2022) Biodiversity of macrophyte communities and associated aquatic organisms in lakes of the Vologda Region (north-western Russia). Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e77626. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e77626
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This paper provides current data on the biodiversity of boreal lakes of the Vologda Region (north-western Russia), including macrophytes (vascular plants and macroscopic algae) and macrophyte inhabitants (invertebrates and microalgae). The raw data, given in two datasets (Sampling event dataset and an Occurrence dataset) and presented in the form of GBIF-mediated data, were collected from 139 lakes (macrophytes between 2005 and 2021, macrophyte inhabitants between 2014 and 2020). The dataset contains materials on the diversity of vascular plants (Tracheophyta, 3225 occurrences; Bryophyta, 155; Marchantiophyta, 16), macro- and microalgae (Ochrophyta, 546 occurrences; Chlorophyta, 193; Charophyta, 153; Cyanobacteria, 139; Cryptophyta, 86; Myzozoa, 33; Euglenozoa, 27; Rhodophyta, 8; Bigyra, 1) and aquatic invertebrates (Arthropoda, 1408 occurrences; Annelida, 487; Mollusca, 263; Platyhelminthes, 36; Cnidaria, 11). This paper summarises previously unpublished materials in a standardised form.
The paper summarises the data collected during the long-term phytodiversity studies in a series of lakes of different types (Vologda Region, north-western Russia). Data on algae and invertebrates diversity were obtained in 60 different plant communities of aquatic, semi-aquatic and coastal plants or their combinations. A total of 6787 occurrences were included in the dataset, published in the global biodiversity database (GBIF) for the first time. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset comprised 837 taxa, including 711 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, forms). New records of 47 species rare and protected in the Vologda Region are given: 43 species of plants, three species of animals and one species of Cyanobacteria.
Russia, Eastern Europe, Vologda Region, Vozhe Lake, Kubenskoe Lake, small lakes, macrophytes, microalgae, aquatic invertebrates, occurrences, sampling event, dataset, data paper, rare species
The studies of macrophytes in lakes of the Vologda Region have a relatively short history (
Our studies of macrophytes were carried out between 2005 and 2021. Both large, Kubenskoe Lake and Vozhe Lake and a long series of small lakes of various sizes and genesis were studied. Some data on the macrophytes in the lakes of the Vologda Region were published previously in the research articles (
Macrophytes are an essential habitat for invertebrates and algae. Invertebrates utilise aquatic plants as a direct food source (
Diversity, distribution, ecology, biology of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants in the European North
Dmitriy A. Philippov
A list of records of macrophytes and macrophyte inhabitants (invertebrates and microalgae) in lakes of the Vologda Region is presented. By macrophytes, we understood macroscopic plants, regardless of their taxonomic position and ecological characteristics. Macrophytes include vascular plants, mosses, liverworts and large multicellular algae (
Field studies were carried out from June to October, mainly during the greatest development of macrophytes (July and August). The composition of the flora of lakes was established during route field studies. We studied all accessible microhabitats in the lakes and their coastal parts, including those differing in current velocity, sediments, depths and macrophyte canopy development. When investigating small lakes, from 0.05 to 0.1 km2, a route was made by walking around a lake or going around by boat along the entire coastline. In larger lakes, floristic studies were conducted at several reference sites, located mainly in highly-developed macrophyte communities. For hydrobiological studies, sampling was performed at model sites only.
The data were collected and identified by scientists from the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences and the Vologda Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography. The accuracy of the determination of some samples was confirmed by systematics from the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation) and the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland).
Research problem formulation.
Logistic issues resolution, including the choice of routes, water objects, time and duration of work.
Field stage: obtaining samples and other original materials on the diversity of macrophytes, aquatic algae and invertebrates.
(a) Macrophytes. In the field, pictures of plants and floristic lists were made, some species were collected in a herbarium; several hydrochemical parameters (water temperature, total dissolved solids, pH and electrical conductivity) were measured using portable devices (
(b) Algae. Samples were taken with a 1-litre Patalas bathometer from three layers of the water column in macrophyte communities. For microalgae sedimentation, water samples were treated with Lugol's iodine solution for 10–14 days to obtain the final volume of 25 ml (
(c) Aquatic invertebrates. The study of invertebrates in macrophyte communities was conducted by preparing washed-off samples from plants (
Data collection: analysis of samples not identified in the field or verification of the identification data by the experts.
(a) Macrophytes. The keys by
(b) Algae. Sedimented phytoplankton for qualitative and quantitative analysis was examined in a Nageotte counting chamber (0.01 cm3) using a Mikmed-6 microscope (LOMO, Russia) at 640× magnification. The biomass of microalgae was calculated using direct counts of the volumes equated to geometric figures of cells. The specific weight of algae was conditionally taken equal to one (
(c) Aquatic invertebrates. All specimens were identified with an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope and a Mikmed-6 microscope (LOMO, Russia) using all keys and summaries available:
Records list compilation. The dataset fields’ names were chosen according to Darwin Core (
Vologda Region is situated in the north-western part of Russia within the northern part of the East European Plain (Fig.
The hydrographic network of the Region is very diverse. About 20 thousand watercourses flow in the Region, belonging to three basins of global flow: the White Sea (70% of basin area), the Baltic Sea (8%) and the Caspian Sea (22%) (
There are over five thousand lakes in the Vologda Region, most located in its western part. In the north-western districts of the Region, the total area of lakes in a district ranges from 3% to 10% of the district’s area; to the east and southeast of the border of the last glaciation, the indices do not exceed 2% and, in some eastern districts of the region, it is only a fraction of a percent. The total area of lakes in the region is 4.3 thousand km2 or about 3% of the Region’s territory. A relatively small number of lakes (only 25) with a water surface of more than 10 km2 comprise 84% of the total area of lakes. Lakes of glacial-tectonic origin (Lakes Onega, Beloe, Vozhe and Kubenskoe) make up this group of lakes. The absolute majority of lakes are small (water surface area less than 0.1 km2). Lakes with a water surface area of 0.01 to 0.1 km2 account for 5.5% of the total area of lakes in the Region. The group of small lakes includes forest drainless lakes, floodplain oxbow lakes, intra-mire lakes and karst lakes (
The main reason for such a distribution of lakes across the Region is the time since the glaciation. The north-western areas of the Region, later freed from the glacier, retained the features of young relief with numerous inter-hill and inter-ridge depressions, which were filled with glacial waters. As the glacier retreated, thaw waters formed periglacial and postglacial reservoirs in the depressions. Following a decrease in the water level and vegetation development in water bodies, some of them turned into vast paludified lowlands (for example, the Mologo-Sheksninskaya lowland). Other water bodies have significantly decreased in size, but remained in the lowlands in the form of vestigial shallow lakes (
Most of the lakes in the Region are shallow. Relict water bodies of glacial-lake plains have shallow depths (for example, the average depth of Lake Vozhe is 1.8 m, Lake Kubenskoe 2.5 m). The deepest lakes are located in moraine-hilly landscapes: Lake Sodoshnoe (40 m), Lake Ferapontovskoe (27 m), Lake Siverskoe (26 m) and Lake Svyatoe (25 m). A thermal regime with distinct direct temperature stratification in summer and reverse stratification in winter is observed only in the deepest lakes. These lakes are characterised by the highest values of the heat budget (5–7 kcal/cm2) and the temperature of the bottom water layer is below 10°С in summer. Lakes with unclear and unstable stratification, a bottom temperature above 10–15°C and a lower heat budget are much more common. The beginning of lake ice-covering usually falls in the first third of November. As a rule, the opening occurs in the first third of May. The lakes are covered in ice for 160–175 days on average, usually longer than rivers (
All the lakes in the Vologda Region are freshwater lakes with TDS values within the zonal norm, of bicarbonate-calcium composition as a rule. Mostly, lake waters are neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 6.9–7.5), favourable for aquatic organisms (
Lakes in the Vologda Region have a different degree, character and intensity of macrophyte covering, closely related to landscape and limnological conditions (
Photographs of some studied lakes and macrophyte communities are given below (Figs
59.264 and 60.804 Latitude; 36.305 and 39.849 Longitude.
This dataset provides current data on vascular plants, cryptogams, microalgae and aquatic invertebrates in lakes of the Vologda Region. The list contains records on Animalia (5 phyla, 7 classes, 22 orders, 64 families), Bacteria (1 phylum, 1 class, 4 orders, 11 families), Chromista (4 phyla, 7 classes, 28 orders, 40 families), Plantae (6 phyla, 15 classes, 48 orders, 81 families) and Protozoa (1 phylum, 1 class, 1 order, 2 families) species. Overall, the dataset comprises 837 taxa, including 711 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, forms).
Rank | Scientific Name |
---|---|
kingdom | Animalia |
kingdom | Bacteria |
kingdom | Chromista |
kingdom | Plantae |
kingdom | Protozoa |
2005 to 2021
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License.
This dataset provides current data on the biodiversity of boreal lakes of the Vologda Region (orth-western Russia), including macrophytes (vascular plants and macroscopic algae) and macrophyte inhabitants (invertebrates and microalgae). The data were collected from 139 lakes. The dataset contains materials on the diversity of vascular plants (Tracheophyta, 3225 occurrences; Bryophyta, 155; Marchantiophyta, 16), macro- and microalgae (Ochrophyta, 546 occurrences; Chlorophyta, 193; Charophyta, 153; Cyanobacteria, 139; Cryptophyta, 86; Myzozoa, 33; Euglenozoa, 27; Rhodophyta, 8; Bigyra, 1) and aquatic invertebrates (Arthropoda, 1408 occurrences; Annelida, 487; Mollusca, 263; Platyhelminthes, 36; Cnidaria, 11). A total of 6787 occurrences are included in the list.
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
eventID | Identifier of the event, unique for the dataset (MiReGr_Alg_xxx_SmLake_sxxxx; MiReGr_Alg_xxx_BigLake_sxxxx; MiReGr_Zoo_xxx_SmLake_xxxx; MiReGr_Zoo_xxx_BigLake_xxxx). |
occurrenceID | Identifier of the record, coded as a global unique identifier. |
eventDate | The date or interval during which an event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date when the event was recorded. A variable. |
samplingProtocol | Reference with description of the method or protocol used during a sampling event. A variable (three options: “Kuzmin GV (1975) Phytoplankton. Species composition and abundance. In: Mordukhai-Boltovskoi PhD (Ed.) Methodology for the study of biogeocenoses of inland waters. Nauka, Moscow, 73-87 pp.”; “Mitropolskiy VI, Mordukhai-Boltovskoi PhD (1975) Makrozoobenthos. In: Mordukhai-Boltovskoi PhD (Ed.) Methodology for the study of biogeocenoses of inland waters. Nauka, Moscow, 158-170 pp.”; “Mitropolskiy VI, Mordukhai-Boltovskoi PhD (1975b) Biofouling, phytophilic biocenoses and planktobenthos. In: Mordukhai-Boltovskoi PhD (Ed.) Methodology for the study of biogeocenoses of inland waters. Nauka, Moscow, 171-178 pp.”). |
sampleSizeValue | A numeric value for a measurement of the area, weight or volume of a sample in a sampling event. A variable. |
sampleSizeUnit | The unit of measurement of the size of a sample in a sampling event. A variable (three options: “kilogram”; “litre”; “m2”). |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
geodeticDatum | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. A constant ("WGS84"). |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The maximum uncertainty distance in metres. |
countryCode | The standard code for the Russian Federation according to ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 (RU). |
country | Country name (Russian Federation). |
stateProvince | Region (‘oblast’) name. The first-level administrative division. A constant ("Vologda Region"). |
county | District (‘rayon’) name. The second-level administrative division. |
locality | The specific description of the place. This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or to standardise the description. A variable (names of lakes). |
habitat | A category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred, in Russian. |
year | The four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar. |
month | The integer month in which the Event occurred. |
day | The integer day of the month on which the Event occurred. |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record in standard label of one of the Darwin Core. A constant ("PreservedSpecimen"). |
scientificName | The full scientific name, with authorship and date information, if known. |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank. |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified. |
class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified. |
order | The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified. |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified. |
individualCount | The number of individuals represented present at the time of the Occurrence. |
organismQuantity | Number or enumeration value for the quantity of organisms. |
organismQuantityType | The type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms. A variable (three options: “mg/l”; “g/kg”; “g/m2”). |
recordedBy | List of persons who collected field data. |
identifiedBy | A person who assigned the Taxon to the subject. |
dateIdentified | The date when the taxonomic identification happened. |
language | A language of the resource (en | ru). |
acceptedNameUsage | The full name, with authorship and date information, if known, of accepted taxon. |
taxonomicStatus | The taxonomic status of a taxon. A variable (accepted or synonym). |
taxonRemarks | Remarks regarding taxa. |
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
occurrenceID | An identifier for the record, unique within this dataset. An abbreviation in the identifier' number (MiReGr_LakeBioDiv_xxxxx). |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record in standard label of one of the Darwin Core. A constant ("HumanObservation"). |
scientificName | The full scientific name, with authorship and date information, if known. |
eventDate | The date or interval during which an event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date when the event was recorded. A variable. |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank. |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified. |
class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified. |
order | The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified. |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified. |
habitat | A category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred. |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
geodeticDatum | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. A constant ("WGS84"). |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The maximum uncertainty distance in metres. |
coordinatePrecision | A decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude. A constant ("0.0001"). |
countryCode | The standard code for the Russian Federation according to ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 (RU). |
country | Country name (Russian Federation). |
stateProvince | Region (‘oblast’) name. The first-level administrative division. A constant ("Vologda Region"). |
county | District (‘rayon’) name. The second-level administrative division. |
locality | The specific description of the place. This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or to standardise the description. A variable (names of lakes). |
year | The four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar. |
month | The integer month in which the Event occurred. |
day | The integer day of the month on which the Event occurred. |
recordedBy | List of persons who collected field data. |
identifiedBy | A person who assigned the Taxon to the subject. |
dateIdentified | The date when the taxonomic identification happened. |
associatedReferences | List of literature references associated with the occurrences. |
acceptedNameUsage | The full name, with authorship and date information, if known, of accepted taxon. |
taxonomicStatus | The taxonomic status of a taxon. A variable (accepted or synonym). |
The paper provides materials on the diversity of vascular plants, macro- and microalgae and aquatic invertebrates. A total of 6787 occurrences are included in the list: Tracheophyta, 3225 occurrences; Bryophyta, 155; Marchantiophyta, 16; Ochrophyta, 546; Chlorophyta, 193; Charophyta, 153; Cyanobacteria, 139; Cryptophyta, 86; Myzozoa, 33; Euglenozoa, 27; Rhodophyta, 8; Bigyra, 1; Arthropoda, 1408; Annelida, 487; Mollusca, 263; Platyhelminthes, 36; Cnidaria, 11.
Based on 3464 occurrences (taxon per sampling site), the flora of lakes in the Vologda Region is represented by 243 low-rank taxa of macrophytes from 129 genera, 67 families, 40 orders, 11 classes and six phyla.
Macrophytes belong to different ecological groups, which can be combined into three ecotype groups: aquatic plants, semi-aquatic plants and coastal plants. Samples were collected both in macrophyte communities belonging to one ecotype group and in complex communities comprised of macrophytes from different ecotype groups. For the latter, a "macrophyte combinations" category was assigned.
The largest number of occurrences came from aquatic plants (1737 occurrences), with the highest values of occurrences of representatives of each kingdom (Fig.
The greatest number of lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, variety, form) belonged to aquatic plants (379; Fig.
Within each ecotype group, we investigated several ecological groups of macrophytes, based on the classification proposed by V.G.
Aquatic organisms distribution (by number of occurrences) in different macrophyte communities in lakes of the Vologda Region.
Macrophyte communities |
Animalia |
Bacteria |
Chromista |
Plantae |
Protozoa |
Total |
Grand total |
2205 |
137 |
666 |
288 |
27 |
3323 |
1. Aquatic plants |
1009 |
81 |
432 |
193 |
22 |
1737 |
Macroalgae and aquatic mosses |
395 |
395 |
||||
Calliergon megalophyllum |
19 |
19 |
||||
Chara strigosa |
7 |
7 |
||||
Fontinalis antipyretica |
243 |
243 |
||||
Scorpidium scorpioides |
126 |
126 |
||||
Hydrophytes floating in the water |
24 |
24 |
||||
Stratiotes aloides |
24 |
24 |
||||
Submerged rooting hydrophytes |
208 |
19 |
45 |
27 |
2 |
301 |
Elodea canadensis |
45 |
4 |
13 |
4 |
1 |
67 |
Potamogeton gramineus |
69 |
69 |
||||
Potamogeton lucens |
38 |
15 |
30 |
20 |
1 |
104 |
Potamogeton pectinatus |
9 |
9 |
||||
Potamogeton perfoliatus |
22 |
22 |
||||
Potamogeton praelongus |
25 |
2 |
3 |
30 |
||
Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water |
357 |
44 |
311 |
118 |
9 |
839 |
Nuphar lutea |
158 |
9 |
99 |
28 |
3 |
297 |
Nuphar lutea+Potamogeton natans |
3 |
5 |
25 |
8 |
1 |
42 |
Nymphaea candida |
38 |
6 |
22 |
20 |
86 |
|
Persicaria amphibia |
110 |
7 |
57 |
21 |
2 |
197 |
Persicaria amphibia+Nuphar lutea |
4 |
8 |
4 |
1 |
17 |
|
Persicaria amphibia+Nymphaea candida |
20 |
5 |
1 |
26 |
||
Potamogeton natans |
28 |
13 |
95 |
36 |
2 |
174 |
Macroalgae and aquatic mosses and Submerged rooting hydrophytes |
14 |
14 |
||||
Elodea canadensis+Fontinalis antipyretica |
14 |
14 |
||||
Hydrophytes floating in the water and Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water |
1 |
21 |
4 |
3 |
29 |
|
Stratiotes aloides+Potamogeton natans |
1 |
21 |
4 |
3 |
29 |
|
Submerged rooting hydrophytes and Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water |
11 |
17 |
55 |
44 |
8 |
135 |
Nuphar lutea+Potamogeton lucens |
11 |
7 |
13 |
6 |
1 |
38 |
Nuphar lutea+Potamogeton perfoliatus |
10 |
42 |
38 |
7 |
97 |
|
2. Semi-aquatic plants |
625 |
30 |
98 |
44 |
5 |
802 |
Short-grass helophytes |
102 |
102 |
||||
Butomus umbellatus |
43 |
43 |
||||
Equisetum fluviatile |
9 |
9 |
||||
Sparganium erectum |
50 |
50 |
||||
Tall-grass helophytes |
281 |
26 |
74 |
36 |
4 |
421 |
Phragmites australis |
157 |
24 |
54 |
32 |
2 |
269 |
Phragmites australis+Schoenoplectus lacustris |
9 |
9 |
||||
Schoenoplectus lacustris |
95 |
2 |
20 |
4 |
2 |
123 |
Typha latifolia |
20 |
20 |
||||
Hygrohelophytes |
190 |
4 |
24 |
8 |
1 |
227 |
Carex rostrata |
50 |
4 |
24 |
8 |
1 |
87 |
Carex rostrata+Menyanthes trifoliata |
36 |
36 |
||||
Eleocharis palustris |
78 |
78 |
||||
Menyanthes trifoliata |
26 |
26 |
||||
Short-grass helophytes and Hygrohelophytes |
31 |
31 |
||||
Equisetum fluviatile+Carex rostrata |
6 |
6 |
||||
Equisetum fluviatile+Menyanthes trifoliata |
25 |
25 |
||||
Tall-grass helophytes and Hygrohelophytes |
21 |
21 |
||||
Typha latifolia+Carex rostrata+Menyanthes trifoliata |
21 |
21 |
||||
3. Coastal plants |
351 |
351 |
||||
Cryptogamic hygrophytes |
351 |
351 |
||||
Bryum sp. |
83 |
83 |
||||
Calliergon sp. |
80 |
80 |
||||
Calliergon sp.+Calliergonella cuspidata |
71 |
71 |
||||
Pseudobryum cinclidioides |
15 |
15 |
||||
Sphagnum sp. |
102 |
102 |
||||
4. Combinations |
220 |
26 |
136 |
51 |
433 |
|
Aquatic plants and Semi-aquatic plants |
155 |
23 |
128 |
41 |
347 |
|
Macroalgae and aquatic mosses and Tall-grass helophytes |
19 |
19 |
||||
Phragmites australis+Chara aspera |
19 |
19 |
||||
Macroalgae and aquatic mosses and Hygrohelophytes |
79 |
79 |
||||
Carex rostrata+Fontinalis antipyretica |
49 |
49 |
||||
Carex rostrata+Menyanthes trifoliata+Fontinalis antipyretica |
30 |
30 |
||||
Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water and Short-grass helophytes |
23 |
4 |
38 |
10 |
75 |
|
Equisetum fluviatile+Nuphar lutea |
3 |
25 |
6 |
34 |
||
Equisetum fluviatile+Nuphar lutea+Nymphaea candida+Potamogeton natans |
1 |
13 |
4 |
18 |
||
Equisetum fluviatile+Nymphaea candida+Nuphar lutea |
23 |
23 |
||||
Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water, Short-grass helophytes and Tall-grass helophytes |
5 |
5 |
||||
Phragmites australis+Equisetum fluviatile+Nuphar lutea |
5 |
5 |
||||
Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water, Short-grass helophytes and Hygrohelophytes |
4 |
24 |
14 |
42 |
||
Equisetum fluviatile+Carex rostrata+Nuphar lutea+Nymphaea candida |
4 |
24 |
14 |
42 |
||
Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water and Tall-grass helophytes |
29 |
7 |
45 |
11 |
92 |
|
Phragmites australis+Nuphar lutea |
12 |
1 |
9 |
3 |
25 |
|
Schoenoplectus lacustris+Nuphar lutea |
4 |
4 |
||||
Schoenoplectus lacustris+Nymphaea candida |
13 |
6 |
36 |
8 |
63 |
|
Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water and Hygrohelophytes |
8 |
21 |
6 |
35 |
||
Carex rostrata+Nymphaea candida |
3 |
7 |
4 |
14 |
||
Menyanthes trifoliata+Nymphaea candida |
5 |
14 |
2 |
21 |
||
Aquatic plants, Semi-aquatic plants and Coastal plants |
25 |
3 |
8 |
10 |
46 |
|
Submerged rooting hydrophytes, Hygrohelophytes and Cryptogamic hygrophytes |
15 |
15 |
||||
Carex rostrata+Myriophyllum verticillatum+Calliergon sp. |
15 |
15 |
||||
Rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water, Hygrohelophytes and Herbaceous hygrophytes |
10 |
3 |
8 |
10 |
31 |
|
Carex lasiocarpa+Menyanthes trifoliata+Nuphar lutea |
3 |
8 |
10 |
21 |
||
Carex lasiocarpa+Menyanthes trifoliata+Nymphaea candida |
10 |
10 |
||||
Aquatic plants and Coastal plants |
5 |
5 |
||||
Submerged rooting hydrophytes and Cryptogamic hygrophytes |
5 |
5 |
||||
Sphagnum sp.+Utricularia intermedia |
5 |
5 |
||||
Semi-aquatic plants and Coastal plants |
35 |
35 |
||||
Hygrohelophytes and Cryptogamic hygrophytes |
21 |
21 |
||||
Carex rostrata+Calliergon sp. |
21 |
21 |
||||
Hygrohelophytes and Herbaceous hygrophytes |
14 |
14 |
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Carex lasiocarpa+Menyanthes trifoliata |
14 |
14 |
In the studied lakes, 47 rare and protected species of plants, animals and Cyanobacteria were found. Amongst them, a stonewort (Chara strigosa), two species of quillworts (Isoetes echinospora, Isoetes lacustris) and a dragonfly (Anax imperator) are listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (
We thank our colleagues who took part in the field studies, especially V.A. Philippov, M.Ya. Borisov, A.B. Czhobadze, A.N. Levashov and A.I. Tsvetkov and those who helped with the taxonomic identification of aquatic organisms, especially S. Czachorowski (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland), A.S. Sazhnev, V.S. Vishnyakov, A.A. Bobrov and E.V. Chemeris (IBIW RAS, Borok), M.A. Boychuk (IB KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk), M.V. Dulin (IB Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar) and A.N. Levashov (Center of Creativity, Vologda). We are grateful to Natalya Ivanova (Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS, Pushchino) for her help with dataset publication and editing.
This research was carried out within the framework of State Assignments to IBIW RAS (no. 121051100109-1 and 121051100099-5) and Vologda branch of the VNIRO. Field studies were partly performed with the financial support by Vologda branch of the Russian Geographical Society and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (no. 14-04-32258, no. 16-04-00290, no. 18-04-00988).
We thank the Global Biodiversity Information Facility in collaboration with the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility and Pensoft Publishers for providing the opportunity to publish this paper in the "Biota of Russia" collection.
DAP: Conceptualisation, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Project administration; KNI: Investigation, Writing – Original Draft; NNM: Investigation, Writing – Original Draft; IVF: Investigation, Writing – Original Draft; ASK: Investigation, Formal analysis, Visualisation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing.