Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Ye-Jie Lin (linyejie15@gmail.com), Xunyou Yan (yanxunyou@163.com)
Academic editor: Jeremy Miller
Received: 11 Dec 2021 | Accepted: 17 Jan 2022 | Published: 20 Jan 2022
© 2022 Ye-Jie Lin, Linrui Yu, Xunyou Yan, Shuqiang Li
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lin Y-J, Yu L, Yan X, Li S (2022) First description of the male of Cyclocosmia ricketti (Araneae, Halonoproctidae) from China. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e79205. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e79205
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The genus Cyclocosmia Ausserer, 1871 of the spider family Halonoproctidae Pocock, 1901 includes ten known species from North America and Asia. Since Cyclocosmia ricketti was described by Pocock in 1901, no males of this species have ever been reported.
The male of Cyclocosmia ricketti is described for the first time, based on a specimen collected near the type locality in Fujian Province, China. A morphological description and illustrations are given.
Fujian, sclerotised disc, taxonomy, trapdoor spider
The genus Cyclocosmia Ausserer, 1871 of the spider family Halonoproctidae Pocock, 1901 includes ten known species from North America (3) and Asia (7), six of them being found in China: C. lannaensis Schwendinger, 2005 (♂♀, China, Thailand), C. latusicosta Zhu et al., 2006 (♂♀, China, Vietnam), C. liui Xu et al., 2017 (♀, China), C. ricketti (Pocock, 1901) (♀, China), C. sublatusicosta Yu & Zhang, 2018 (♂, China) and C. subricketti Yu & Zhang, 2018 (♂♀, China) (
Cyclocosmia ricketti was initially reported as Halonoproctus ricketti, based on one female specimen from Kuatun, north-western Fokien in China, now known as Guadun (27.7359°N, 117.6408°E) in Fujian Province. A Cyclocosmia male was collected 130 km (in a straight line) away from the type locality, which we believe to be conspecific and which we describe here (Fig.
Apex of embolus, prolateral view: A, B Cyclocosmia latusicosta, variation in two males from Cuc Phuong N.P., Vietnam; C C. lannaensis male from Menglun, China; D C. ricketti male from Mangdang Mountain, China; E C. siamensis from Doi Suthep, Thailand. Photos were taken by Peter Schwendinger (D and E).
Distribution records of Cyclocosmia species (blue spots) and male C. ricketti in this study (green spot) in Asia: 1 C. lannaensis Schwendinger, 2005; 2 C. latusicosta Zhu, Zhang & Zhang, 2006; 3 C. liui Xu, Xu & Li, 2017; 4 C. ricketti (Pocock, 1901); 5 C. siamensis Schwendinger, 2005; 6 C. sublatusicosta Yu & Zhang, 2018; 7 C. subricketti Yu & Zhang, 2018.
The specimen was preserved in 80% ethanol and examined under a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Images were taken with an Olympus C7070 zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels). Habitus photographs of the preserved specimen were taken with a Sony A7RIV digital camera, equipped with a Sony FE 90mm Goss lens. Photos were stacked with Helicon Focus (Version 7.6.1) and processed with Adobe Photoshop CC2019.
All measurements are in millimetres and were obtained with an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope with a Zongyuan CCD industrial camera. The total length does not include the chelicerae. Eye sizes are measured as the maximum diameter in either dorsal or frontal view. Leg measurements are given as follows: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus).
Specimens, reported here, are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing and Muséum d'histoire naturelle (MHN) in Geneva.
Abbreviations: AE apophysis of embolic tip, ALE anterior lateral eyes, AME anterior median eyes, E embolus, PLE posterior lateral eyes, PME posterior median eyes.
Halonoproctus ricketti Pocock, 1901 in
Cyclocosmia ricketti in
Male: Body length 13.41. Carapace 6.19 long, 5.61 wide, dark reddish-brown, slightly curved retrolaterally and rounded posteriorly, most of clypeal area covered with reticular fuscous veins, thin ridges transversely running across area from clypeus to fovea. Clypeus height 1.32; Few short, firm bristles concomitantly with ridges in front of eyes and sparsely dispersed on and behind eye formation; no thick long bristles discernible.
Eyes (Fig.
Chelicerae relatively slender, similar to carapace in pigmentation, retrolaterally with dark reticular pattern and thin wrinkles; promargin of groove with seven principal teeth and five denticles, retromargin with ten sizable denticles, arranged in regular rows; dense hair covering retromargin; prolateral surface of fang with serrated longitudinal keel; rastellum conspicuously projected, with about eight distal spines.
Maxillae 4.07 long, 2.49 wide, yellow-brown, with about five tiny cuspules at prolateral corner of ventral surface and numerous white setae on proventral surface.
Labium (Fig.
Sternum (Fig.
Palp (Fig.
Legs distinctly more slender and smoother than in female, light reddish-brown, with conspicuous longitudinal bands on dorsal surface and fine transversal fissures; tarsi, metatarsi and tibiae armed with blunt setae and black spines scattered on ventral side; ventral side of all tarsi, except tarsus IV, with dense short, white scopula covering about distal half of the segment. Legs I and II with setae and spines denser than on legs III and IV; patellae and femora almost glabrous; two spines inside tarsal scopula on leg I, three spines on leg II, five spines on leg III, seven spines on leg IV; few short spines present laterally on dorsal side of all patellae; distal part of tarsus IV ventrally with a few gracile, serrate white hairs. Leg measurements: I 17.53 (5.63 + 6.07 + 3.86 + 1.97), II 14.62 (4.56 + 4.63 + 3.34 + 2.09), III 14.08 (4.15 + 4.57 + 3.11 + 2.25) and IV 17.93 (5.09 + 5.72 + 4.51 + 2.61). Leg formula (from longest to shortest leg): 4123.
Trichobothria tibia, metatarsus and tarsus surface with few, terminal one longest.
Paired tarsal claws with two teeth near the base; unpaired claws bare.
Abdomen (Fig.
Spinnerets: posterior median spinnerets thin, one-segmented, 0.71 long; posterior lateral spinnerets relatively thick, three-segmented, 1.51 long (proximal segment 0.57, median 0.36, distal 0.57) with with distal segment narrower than others; anus covered by crescent-shaped sclerite, not connected to ventral median rib angle (Fig.
Cyclocosmia lannaensis, 1♂ (MHN, Fig.
Cyclocosmia ricketti differs from other species of Cyclocosmia by the character of 23–33 radiating ribs on each side of abdominal disc (Fig.
The male of C. ricketti can be distinguished by the following characters: in the ventral view of the palp organ, the diameter of the bulb is about 1/2 of the embolus length (vs. 1/3 in C. latusicosta and C. sublatusicosta (
In females, the length of spermathecae to its width is 3:2 (
China (Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang) (Fig.
We thank Sarah Crews for checking the English text. Peter Schwendinger contributed some photos. The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Jeremy Miller, Peter Schwendinger and Arthur E. Decae.