Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Dipta Sumeru Rinandio (sumeru.dipta@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Quentin Groom
Received: 24 Mar 2022 | Accepted: 19 Jun 2022 | Published: 07 Jul 2022
© 2022 Dipta Rinandio, Hendra Helmanto, Rizmoon Zulkarnaen, Enggal Primananda, Arief Hamidi, Iyan Robiansyah
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Rinandio DS, Helmanto H, Zulkarnaen RN, Primananda E, Hamidi A, Robiansyah I (2022) Endemic plants of Java Island, Indonesia: a dataset. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e84303. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e84303
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Java is the most populous island in the world. This high population and the extensive economic activities have significantly reduced the forest areas of the Island and have greatly increased the pressure on its plant diversity. Compared to those with a wide distribution, endemic plants with a narrow geographic range are more vulnerable to anthropogenic threats and environmental changes. As species lists are essential for knowledge of species diversity in areas with strong anthropogenic pressure, here we present a dataset of endemic plants of Java Island. The initial species list was manually extracted from the Plant of the World Online (POWO). Each species on the list was then confirmed for its endemism by checking its current distribution using peer-reviewed publications, online plant databases and herbarium specimen images stored on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The dataset contains 652 species in 279 genera and 85 families. The family with the highest number of endemic species is Orchidaceae (142 species), followed by Rubiaceae (57 species), Acanthaceae (40 species), Apocynaceae (35 species) and Lauraceae (29 species). The growth form of the species is mostly trees (22.6%), followed by herbs (19.2%), epiphytes (16%), shrubs (12.4%), vines (11%) and geophytes (9.4%). Most of the species (89.7%) have not yet been assessed for their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. There are only 55 species (8.3%) that have been conserved within ex situ collections. Furthermore, most of the species (79.8%) are not listed on the CITES appendices and there are only four species (0.6%) protected by national law.
Our contribution provides the first online list of accepted scientific names of Javan endemic plants species, together with all their synonyms. New to the dataset are: i) provision of local names of the species (if available), ii) the classification of species under eleven growth forms (tree, shrub, herb, annual, graminoid, geophyte, fern, vines, hydrophyte, parasite and epiphyte), iii) assignation of the extinction risk of species according to the IUCN Red List, iv) ex situ collection status of species and information on the protection status of the species according to (v) CITES and (vi) the national law of Indonesia.
ex situ conservation, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, IUCN Red List, plant growth forms, plant of the world online, trees
Java is the most populous island in the world. With an area of just 7% of Indonesia’s total landmass, it has a population of 145 million or more than 56% of Indonesia’s total population (
Endemic plants are of great importance as they possess unique genetic materials and can provide basic needs and survival for the local people (
To conserve the species and prevent them from extinction, a comprehensive conservation action that involves both in situ and ex situ programmes is urgently needed.
A list of species is essential for knowledge of species diversity in areas with strong anthropogenic pressure (
This contribution provides a digital, comprehensive, publicly available and updatable database on the endemic plants of Java Island, Indonesia. It is intended as a working database for compiling current knowledge of the Javan endemic plants in a systematic way. The list will be amended over time as taxonomies are revised and new discoveries are made. The database serves as a baseline overview of current knowledge of the Island's endemic plants, which can be developed and refined over time.
The study site is the mainland of Java and its surrounding small islands, including Panaitan Island in the westernmost, Kepulauan Seribu, Karimun Jawa, Bawean, Madura and Kangean Islands in the easternmost areas. We exclude Bali Island in the present study. Java Island has two contrasting climatic patterns: a wet tropical climate in the western part and a drier climate in the eastern part, where the dry season can last for four to six consecutive months (
The plant diversity of Java has been well studied and described (e.g.
An initial dataset was searched and manually extracted from the Plants of the World Online (
The study area is Java and its surrounding small islands (104°41′-116°01′E and 5°58′-8°50′S). It covers an area of 129,438.28 km2, bounded by the Indian Ocean in the south and the Java Sea in the north and lying between the Bali Strait to the east and the Sunda Strait to the west.
Indian Ocean and Java Sea Latitude; Sunda Strait and Bali Strait Longitude.
Tree, Shrub, Herb, Annual, Graminoid, Geophyte, Fern, Vines, Hydrophyte, Parasite, Epiphyte.
2020-2022
The dataset provides a list of 652 endemic species of Java Island, Indonesia. It describes: (i) family, (ii) synonyms, (iii) local name of the species (if available), (iv) habit (tree, shrub, herb, annual, graminoid, geophyte, fern, vines, hydrophyte, parasite, epiphyte), (v) ex situ collection status, (vi) conservation status of the species according to the IUCN Red List and the protection status of the species according to (vii) CITES and (viii) the national law of Indonesia.
Column label | Column description |
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dwc:scientificName | Scientific name of species and authority. |
dwc:family | Family of the species. |
synonym | Synonym of the species. |
dwc:vernacularName | Local name of the species (if available). |
habit | Growth habit according to literature. Tree, Shrub, Herb, Annual, Graminoid, Geophyte, Fern, Vines, Hydrophyte, Parasite, Epiphyte. |
exSitu | Information on the possible ex situ collection status of species. Yes/No |
dwc:threatStatus | Assignation the extinction risk of species according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. EX (Extinct), CR (Critically endangered), EN (Endangered), VU (Vulnerable), LC (Least concern), DD (Data deficient), NE (Not evaluated). |
dwc:appendixCITES | Status of species according to CITES appedices: No (Unlisted), 1 (Appedix 1), 2 (Appendix 2). |
protected | The protection status of species according to the national law of Indonesia: Yes (protected), No (unprotected). |
We thank the editors and reviewers for their comments that contributed to the improvement of this manuscript.
The dataset provides a list of 652 endemic species of Java Island, Indonesia. It describes: (i) family, (ii) synonyms, (iii) local name of the species (if available), (iv) habit (tree, shrub, herb, annual, graminoid, geophyte, fern, vines, hydrophyte, parasite, epiphyte), (v) ex situ collection status, (vi) conservation status of the species according to the IUCN Red List and the protection status of the species according to (vii) CITES and (viii) the national law of Indonesia.