Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomy & Inventories
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Corresponding author: Yu-Zhou Du (yzdu@yzu.edu.cn)
Academic editor: Jean-Luc Gattolliat
Received: 19 May 2022 | Accepted: 14 Jul 2022 | Published: 21 Jul 2022
© 2022 Yu-Ben Yang, Bin-Qing Zhu, Abdur Rehman, Yu-Zhou Du
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Yang Y-B, Zhu B-Q, Rehman A, Du Y-Z (2022) A review of Leuctridae (Insecta, Plecoptera) in Wuyi Mountains, China. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e86735. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e86735
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Wuyi Mountains are located in the northern Oriental Region and the edge of the southern Palaearctic Region. They have a unique geographical location, complex landform and superior climatic conditions, providing a good ecological environment for Leuctridae species. However, due to the damage of some holotypes in the 20th century, limited drawings and lack of colour figures, it is necessary to reorganise and supplement the preserved Leuctridae specimens from Wuyi Mountains.
In this study, we found that there are twelve species of Leuctridae recorded in Wuyi Mountains, accounting for about 20% of the recorded species of Leuctridae in China. These records include two genera and five new distribution records species: one species of the genus Paraleuctra Hanson, 1941: Paraleuctra orientalis (Chu 1928) and eleven species of the genus Rhopalopsole Klapálek, 1912, including five new distribution records to Wuyi Mountains: Rhopalopsole fengyangshanensis Yang, Shi & Li, 2009; Rhopalopsole sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993; Rhopalopsole yangdingi Sivec & Harper, 2008; Rhopalopsole flata Yang & Yang, 1995; Rhopalopsole basinigra Yang & Yang, 1995. Now a total of twelve species of Leuctridae have been recorded from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province of south-eastern China. In this paper, we also provide a key to the male, new images and some notes of these twelve species, except Rhopalopsole recurvispina (Wu, 1949) and Rhopalopsole spiniplatta (Wu, 1949). We failed to collect these two species and we regard R. recurvispina as a nomen dubium, because there are no distinctive features that can be used to distinguish this species.
Plecoptera, Leuctridae, new record, Wuyi Mountains, China
At present, there are more than 380 species of Leuctridae in 17 genera of two subfamilies recorded in the world and 70 species of Leuctridae in four genera are recorded in China, which are distributed in different provinces and regions (
Wuyi Mountains are located in the northern Palaearctic Region and the edge of the southern Oriental Region. They cover an area of 60 km2 and the altitude is between 180 m and 720 m. They belong to the middle subtropical monsoon climate and the zonal vegetation is well preserved. The length of the famous Jiuqu River is 9.5 km, thousands of streams having been formed based on this river, providing a good ecological environment for Leuctridae species (
Specimens in this study were collected by hand and preserved in 75% ethanol. Morphological details were examined with a Leica MZAPO microscope. Color illustrations were taken with a KEYENCE VHX-5000. All specimens used in this study are deposited in the Insect Collection of Yangzhou University (ICYZU), Jiangsu Province, China. The morphological terminology follows
Genus Paraleuctra:
Leuctra orientalis:
Rhopalopsole orientalis:
Paraleuctra orientalis:
Synonym: Paraleuctra sinica:
Synonym: Paraleuctra tianmushana:
The specimens we collected have the typical terminalia of P. orientalis, cerci somewhat sclerotized, strongly forked into two sharp prongs; upper prong longer than lower prong; a spine present near base of upper prong, projecting backwards, so we define them as P. orientalis (Fig.
China, Zhejiang Province (Lin–an).
China (Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunan, Gansu); Russia (Siberia).
Genus Rhopalopsole:
Leuctra recurvispina:
Rhopalopsole recurvispina:
No specimen of this species was found.
Type of R. recurvispina from 1949 is destroyed or lost (
China, Fujian Province (Ta–chu–luan, Shao–wu).
China (Fujian).
Leuctra spiniplatta:
Rhopalopsole spiniplatta:
No specimen of this species was found.
Type of R. spiniplatta from 1949 is destroyed or lost (
China, Fujian Province (Ta–chu–luan, Shao–wu).
China (Fujian).
Rhopalopsole fengyangshanensis:
The report of this species is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. We think this species belongs to the R. vietnamica west group as proposed by
China, Zhejiang Province (Fengyang Mountain, Fengyanghu).
China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi).
Rhopalopsole intonsa:
This species was well described by
China, Jiangxi Province (Wuyi Mountains).
China (Jiangxi, Zhejiang).
Rhopalopsole sinensis:
Synonym: Rhopalopsole furcata:
Synonym: Rhopalopsole hongpingana:
Synonym: Rhopalopsole ningxiana:
The report of this is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. R. sinensis belongs to R. vietnamica group according to
China, Guizhou Province (Maolan).
China (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, Ningxia, Yunnan); Vietnam (Laocai).
Rhopalopsole yangdingi:
The report of this species is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains and had been well described by
China, Jiangxi Province (Dayue Mountain).
China (Jiangxi, Fujian).
Rhopalopsole flata:
The report of this species is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. Head brown, slightly wider than pronotum; compound eyes dark brown; antennae and mouth-parts brown (Fig.
China, Zhejiang Province (Baishanzu Mountain).
China (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian).
Rhopalopsole wuyishanensis:
Recently described species from Wuyi Mountains of Fujian Province. Head brown, wider than pronotum; ocelli pale brown; antennae and palpi light brown. Pronotum brown (Fig.
China, Fujian Province (Wuyi Mountains).
China (Fujian).
Rhopalopsole trichotma:
Recently described species from Wuyi Mountains of Fujian Province. Head brown, wider than pronotum; ocelli pale brown; antennae and palpi light brown; pronotum brown (Fig.
China, Fujian Province (Wuyi Mountains).
China (Fujian).
Rhopalopsole basinigra:
Synonym: Rhopalopsole duyuzhoui:
The report of this species is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains and had been redescribed by
China, Zhejiang (Gutian Mountain).
China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi).
Leuctra bispina:
Rhopalopsole bispina:
Type of R. bispina from 1949 is destroyed or lost.
China, Fujian Province (Ta–chu–luan, Shao–wu).
China (Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Zhejiang).
A key to adult males of Leuctridae species from Wuyi Mountains |
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1 | Cerci deeply forked with a small bulge on dorsal arm (Paraleuctra) | Paraleuctra orientalis (Chu) |
– | Cerci long and not forked (Rhopalopsole) | 2 |
2 | There are long hairs on the antennae | 3 |
– | There are only short hairs on the antennae | 4 |
3 | Lateral projection of tergum 10 ending in a sharp point, overall appearance of subanal lobe is trident-like | Rhopalopsole intonsa Qian & Du |
– | Lateral projection of tergum 10 with a bicuspid process, subanal lobe is flat and plate-like | Rhopalopsole sinensis Yang & Yang |
4 | Inner side of lateral projections has a finger-like ornamentation | Rhopalopsole fengyangshanensis Yang, Shi & Li |
– | Inner side of lateral projections without finger-like ornamentation | 5 |
5 | Subanal lobes borered with black spines and short processes on lateral projections | Rhopalopsole spiniplatta (Wu) |
– | Subanal lobes without black spine | 6 |
6 | Tergum 9 with a band of knob-like ornamentations, tergum 10 bearing a central plate, the three elements of which are strongly sclerotized | Rhopalopsole bispina (Wu) |
– | Tergum 9 evenly sclerotized, with a single ornamentation, tergum 10 does not spilt into three elements | 7 |
7 | Lateral projections of tergum 10 plate-like, extending apically with rectangular process | Rhopalopsole wuyishanensis Yang & Du |
– | Lateral projections of tergum 10 thin, extending backwards with a long and sinuous process | 8 |
8 | Epiproct almost as wide as the central plate of tergum 10 | Rhopalopsole flata Yang & Yang |
– | Epiproct hook-like, ending in a trilobed process | 9 |
9 | Tergum 10 is bearing a large central plate covered with sensilla basiconica patch in two oval areas | Rhopalopsole trichotoma Yang & Du |
– | Tergum 10 without sensilla basiconica patch | 10 |
10 | Epiproct stocky, terminating in a trilobed tip, the middle is round, two other lobes are corners of epiproct | Rhopalopsole yangdingi Sivec & Harper |
– | Epiproct thick at base, expanding in top view, ending in a shallow trilobed tip | Rhopalopsole basinigra Yang & Yang |
In this study, we found that there are twelve species of Leuctridae recorded in Wuyi Mountains (Table
Species name |
Genus |
Type locality |
Distribution |
Figures |
Notes |
P. orientalis (Chu, 1928) |
Paraleuctra |
China, Zhejiang Province (Lin–an) |
China (Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunan, Gansu); Russia (Siberia) |
Fig. |
The colour and sclerotized patterns bear some variations with the original descriptions, we think the variations are intraspecific |
R. recurvispina (Wu, 1949), nom. dubium |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Fujian Province (Ta–chu–luan, Shao–wu) |
China (Fujian) |
Fig. |
We regard R. recurvispina as a nomen dubium after we failed many times to collect this species. |
R. spiniplatta (Wu, 1949) |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Fujian Province (Ta–chu–luan, Shao–wu) |
China (Fujian) |
Fig. |
Type of R. spiniplatta from 1949 is destroyed or lost. Collecting additional material from the type locality could resolve the exact identity of this species. |
R. fengyangshanensis Yang, Shi & Li, 2009 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Zhejiang Province (Fengyang Mountain, Fengyanghu) |
China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi) |
Fig. |
R. fengyangshanensis is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. |
R. intonsa Qian & Du, 2012 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Jiangxi Province (Wuyi Mountains) |
China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi) |
Fig. |
We found the long hairs on the antennae of this species. |
R. sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Guizhou Province (Maolan) |
China (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, Ningxia, Yunnan); Vietnam |
Fig. |
R. sinensis is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. |
R. yangdingi Sivec & Harper, 2008 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Jiangxi Province (Dayue Mountain) |
China (Fujian, Jiangxi) |
Fig. |
R. yangdingi is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. |
R. flata Yang & Yang, 1995 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Zhejiang Province (Baishanzu Mountain) |
China (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian) |
Fig. |
R. flata is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. |
R. wuyishanensis Yang & Du, 2021 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Fujian Province (Wuyi Mountains) |
China (Fujian) |
Fig. |
Recently described species from Wuyi Mountains. |
R. trichotoma Yang & Du, 2021 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Fujian Province (Wuyi Mountains) |
China (Fujian) |
Fig. |
Recently described species from Wuyi Mountains. |
R. basinigra Yang & Yang, 1995 |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Fujian Province (Ta–chu–luan, Shao–wu) |
China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan) |
Fig. |
R. basinigra is a new distribution record to Wuyi Mountains. |
R. bispina (Wu, 1949) |
Rhopalopsole |
China, Zhejiang Province (Gutianshan Mountain) |
China (Zhejiang, Fujian) |
Fig. |
The morphological characteristics of the topotypes we collected also agree with the redescription of Sivec et al. (2008). |
Firstly, in terms of history and formation, the Wuyi Mountains were originally a plain of denudation. It developed into a lake basin by the subsidence of the Earth's crust in the early Cretaceous period. The thickness of the deposit in the lake has reached 1500 m. Owing to uplifting in the late Tertiary period, a monoclinic block mountain was formed. The Wuyi Mountains have developed into the following morphological types under the control of geological structures and morphological development: cuesta, block mountain, hill, gentle hill, flat-bottomed alley valley, depressed valley, terrace etc (
Secondly, in terms of biogeography, Wuyi Mountains are located in the north Palaearctic Region and the edge of the south Oriental Region, in the south of Chongan County, Fujian Province. They cover an area of 60 km2 and the altitude is between 180 m and 720 m. They have a unique geographical location, complex landform and superior climatic conditions (
Finally, although we have found twelve species in Wuyi Mountains, we still believe that many species have not been reported. In the future, we will continue to investigate the biodiversity of Wuyi Mountains with the expectation of finding more mysterious species.
We sincerely thank Zhu Bin-Qing for collecting the specimens with our team. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31872266; 31572295) and Project of Biological Resources Survey in Wuyishan National Park.