Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Alisa A. Neplyukhina (taviliss@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Saúl Blanco
Received: 22 Jun 2022 | Accepted: 09 Aug 2022 | Published: 16 Aug 2022
© 2022 Alisa Neplyukhina, Ruslan Saifutdinov, Angelina Paskhina, Daniil Korobushkin
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Neplyukhina AA, Saifutdinov RA, Paskhina AA, Korobushkin DI (2022) Diatom diversity, distribution and ecology in Mediterranean ecosystems of Abrau Peninsula, north-western Caucasus. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e89405. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e89405
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The North Caucasus is an extensive region with a multitude of landscapes and high biological diversity. Amongst various ecosystems, the xerophytic sub-Mediterranean forests of the Abrau Peninsula (Utrish State Nature Reserve) and its vicinity are unique but have been poorly studied. The diversity of diatoms in North Caucasian ecosystems have been studied partially and only little information is available about their presence and distribution on the Abrau Peninsula. Here, we present a comprehensive check-list of diatoms sampled during a July 2021 field campaign. Samples were collected in 67 sites, including 39 permanent streams, 21 temporal (puddles) and seven permanent waterbodies. Results of the current study contribute to improving the knowledge about diatoms in the north-western Caucasus and its sub-Mediterranean ecosystems in particular.
Here, we provide a detailed dataset that contains 215 freshwater and brackish diatom occurrences collected during a field campaign in July 2021. A total of 88 diatom (Bacillariophyta) taxa which belong to 12 orders, 25 families and 39 genera were collected. The genera with the highest number of occurrences per site were Gomphonema (26), Nitzschia (22), Navicula (20), Cocconeis (14), Amphora (14), Achnanthidium (14) and Planothidium (11). The genera with the highest number of infrageneric taxa were Nitzschia (8), Navicula (7), Gomphonema (6) and Mastogloia (5). Navicula blazencicae, known as the endemic of the Lake Prespa (Levkov 2007) is found from two sites in our study. Three specimens of the genus Mastogloia could not be assigned to a known species and may represent new diatom species. Distribution and ecology data are provided for each taxa. Occurrence data are given. Statistical analysis of diatom communities showed a significant dependence on habitat type and their ecological conditions.
Bacillariophyta, freshwater ecosystems, coastal ecosystems, new records, species check-list, Utrish State Nature Reserve
Diatoms are a widely distributed group of algae whose representatives populate both aquatic (marine and freshwater) and terrestrial ecosystems, such as soils, mosses, wet walls and rocks (
Diatoms are regularly used as biological indicators for the water quality environmental assessment (
Different ecological groups of Black Sea diatoms have been actively studied, especially from the perspective of water quality assessment (
This study presents a taxonomical characterisation and occurrence dataset of the diatoms found in Mediterranean ecosystems of the Abrau Peninsula, north-western Caucasus, particularly in protected areas of Utrish State Nature Reserve. We aim to contribute to the current knowledge of diatom diversity and distribution in the freshwater and brackish inland water in the north-western Caucasus and its sub-Mediterranean ecosystems in particular.
Diatom diversity, distribution and ecology in Mediterranean ecosystems of Abrau Peninsula, north-western Caucasus.
Samples were collected on 12-20 July 2021 on the Abrau Peninsula by Alisa Neplyukhina and Angelina Paskhina. Identifications were made by Alisa Neplyukhina. Statistical analyses were performed by Daniil Korobushkin and Ruslan Saifutdinov. The text was written by Alisa Neplyukhina, Daniil Korobushkin and Ruslan Saifutdinov.
The Abrau Peninsula is located between the city of Anapa and Abrau-Durso settlement in Novorossiysk District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Most of the Abrau Peninsula is under the protection of the Utrish State Nature Reserve (hereinafter referred to as "Utrish") and is not affected or disturbed by human activity, with the exception of the coastal zone and suburbs. The Abrau Peninsula has a humid subtropical (Cfa) and Mediterranean climate (Csa) according to the Köppen climate classification with cool rainy winters without stable snow cover and with hot dry summers (
The study area belongs to the Mediterranean ecoregion (
Freshwater habitats are represented by permanent and temporary streams flowing to the Black Sea, as well as temporary small waterbodies (hereinafter referred as "puddles") scattered across the Abrau Peninsula. Brackish habitats are represented by small permanent lagoons located along the coastline.
Diatoms were collected from 67 sampling sites, including 39 permanent streams, 21 temporal waterbodies (puddles) and seven permanent waterbodies (lakes and lagoons) collected on the Abrau Peninsula, north-western Caucasus, Russia (Fig.
Samples code, location of the sampling sites, site type and sample type on the Abrau Peninsula.
Sampling code | Laboratory codename | Latitude (ºN) | Longitude (ºW) | Site type | Salinity | Sample type | Commentary |
1 | UT-2021-1 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
2 | UT-2021-2 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
3 | UT-2021-3 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
4 | UT-2021-4 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
5 | UT-2021-5 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | |
6 | UT-2021-6 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Soil | |
7 | UT-2021-7 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Soil | |
8 | UT-2021-8 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
9 | UT-2021-9 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | |
10 | UT-2021-10 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
11 | UT-2021-11 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
12 | UT-2021-12 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
13 | UT-2021-13 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
14 | UT-2021-14 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
15 | UT-2021-15 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
16 | UT-2021-16 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
17 | UT-2021-17 |
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Permanent | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
18 | UT-2021-18 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
19 | UT-2021-19 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
20 | UT-2021-20 |
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Permanent | Freshwater | Sediment | |
21 | UT-2021-21 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Soil | No diatoms found |
22 | UT-2021-22 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
23 | UT-2021-23 |
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Permanent | Freshwater | Soil | |
24 | UT-2021-24 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
25 | UT-2021-25 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
26 | UT-2021-26 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
27 | UT-2021-27 |
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Permanent | Freshwater | Sediment | |
28 | UT-2021-28 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
29 | UT-2021-29 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
30 | UT-2021-30 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
31 | UT-2021-31 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Soil | |
32 | UT-2021-32 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
33 | UT-2021-33 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
34 | UT-2021-34 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
35 | UT-2021-35 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
36 | UT-2021-36 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
37 | UT-2021-37 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
38 | UT-2021-38 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
39 | UT-2021-39 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
40 | UT-2021-40 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
41 | UT-2021-41 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
42 | UT-2021-42 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
43 | UT-2021-43 |
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Permanent | Freshwater | Sediment | |
44 | UT-2021-44 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
45 | UT-2021-45 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
46 | UT-2021-46 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
47 | UT-2021-47 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
48 | UT-2021-48 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
49 | UT-2021-49 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
50 | UT-2021-50 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
51 | UT-2021-51 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
52 | UT-2021-52 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
53 | UT-2021-53 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Soil | No diatoms found |
54 | UT-2021-54 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
55 | UT-2021-55 |
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Temporary, Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
56 | UT-2021-56 |
44.7741 |
37.5111 | Stream | Freshwater | Sediment | |
57 | UT-2021-57 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
58 | UT-2021-58 |
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Temporary (Puddle) | Freshwater | Sediment | No diatoms found |
59 | UT-2021-59 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
60 | UT-2021-60 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | No diatoms found |
61 | UT-2021-61 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap, Sediment | |
62 | UT-2021-62 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
63 | UT-2021-63 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap, Sediment | |
64 | UT-2021-64 |
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Stream | Freshwater | Rock scrap | |
65 | UT-2021-65 |
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Permanent | Brackish | Rock scrap | |
66 | UT-2021-66 |
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Permanent | Brackish | Rock scrap | |
67 | UT-2021-67 |
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Stream | Brackish | Moss squeeze, Rock scrap |
Study area and sampling sites location (Map source credits: https://wego.here.com).
Material for this research was collected in July 2021. Sampling was carried out after the annual peak of summer precipitation in June (
For diatom identification, a number of manuals were used (
The data have been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardised format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 215 occurrences (
Statistical analysis: Similarity between diatom communities of Abrau Peninsula was evaluated using hierarchical cluster analysis. Before analysis, the data were prepared via the dplyr 1.0.8. package (
Utrish State Nature Reserve, Abrau Peninsula, north-western Caucasus, Russia
44.694123 N and 44.800702 N Latitude; 37.394033 E and 37.5495 E Longitude.
All diatoms were identified to genus or species/intraspecific level. In total, 88 infrageneric taxa were identified belonging to two classes, 12 orders, 25 families and 39 genera distributed in the subphylum Bacillariophytina, 11 of them being identified only to genus level. The taxonomic coverage of the diatoms found in studied material is given in Table
Orders | Families | Genera | Total taxa | Total species |
Achnanthales | 3 | 4 | 10 | 8 |
Bacillariales | 1 | 3 | 13 | 13 |
Bacillariophyta ordo incertae sedis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Cymbellales | 2 | 7 | 14 | 12 |
Fragilariales | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Licmophorales | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Mastogloiales | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
Naviculales | 10 | 13 | 28 | 22 |
Rhabdonematales | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Rhopalodiales | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Surirellales | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
Thalassiophysales | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 |
List of diatom species found in samples with notes on their ecology, distribution and occurrence (number of samples). Data on ecology and distribution are given according to
Taxa | Abbreviation for taxa | Habitat | Distribution | Saprobility | Water chemistry | Accuracy |
Achnanthes brevipes var. brevipes C.Agardh | ACHBRE | Brackish, Marine | Widely distributed | 1 | ||
Achnanthes sp. | ACHSP | 1 | ||||
Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki | ACHNMIN | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | 8 | ||
Achnanthidium sp. | ACHNSP | 1 | ||||
Achnanthidium straubianum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot | ACHNSTR | Freshwater | Arctic-alpine | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Calcium-bicarbonate rich | 5 |
Amphora inariensis Krammer | AMINA | Freshwater | Widely distributed | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | 4 | |
Amphora indistincta Levkov | AMINDI | Freshwater | Widely distributed | Oligotrophic | 6 | |
Amphora ovalis (Kützing) Kützing s.l. | AMOV | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | 1 | |
Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow in A.W.F.Schmidt | AMPED | Freshwater, Brackish | Widely distributed | Oligotrophic | 3 | |
Brachysira aponina Kützing | BRACH | Marine, Brackish | Widely distributed | 3 | ||
Caloneis cf. vasileyevae Lange-Bertalot, Genkal & Vekhov | CALVAS | Freshwater | Holarctic | 4 | ||
Cocconeis euglypta Ehrenberg | COCCEU | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Alkaline | 3 |
Cocconeis lineata Ehrenberg | COCCLIN | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Alkaline | 9 |
Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg | COCCPED | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Alkaline | 1 |
Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg s.l. | COCCPLAT | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | 1 | |
Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) D.G.Mann in Round, R.M.Crawford & D.G.Mann | CRATACC | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Eutrophic, Polluted water | 1 | |
Craticula cf. buderi (Grunov ex Van Heurck) D.G.Mann. | CRATBUD | Freshwater, Brackish | Widely distributed | 1 | ||
Craticula dissociata (E.Reichardt) E.Reichardt | CRATDISS | Freshwater | Holarctic | Eutrophic | 1 | |
Craticula molestiformis (Hustedt) Mayama | CRATMOL | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Eutrophic, Polluted water | 1 | |
Ctenophora sp. | CTENSP | 1 | ||||
Cymbella affinis Kützing | CYMAFF | Freshwater | Widely distributed, Alpine | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 3 |
Cymbella hantzschiana Krammer | CYMHANTZ | Freshwater | Widely distributed | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | 3 | |
Cymbopleura sp. | CYMSP | 1 | ||||
Diatoma tenuis C.Agardh | DIATTEN | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | 2 | ||
Diploneis cf. carloswetzelii Lange-Bertalot & Fuhrmann | DIPCAR | Freshwater | 1 | |||
Diploneis krammeri Lange-Bertalot & E.Reichardt | DIPKRAM | Freshwater | Arctic-Alpine | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Alkaline, Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 2 |
Diploneis oculata (Brébisson) Cleve | DIPOCU | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 1 |
Encyonopsis microcephala (Grunow) Krammer | ENCYMIC | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 4 |
Encyonopsis subminuta Krammer & E.Reichardt in Krammer | ENCYSUBM | Freshwater | Holarctic | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 1 |
Fallacia cf. subhamulata (Grunow) D.G.Mann in Round, R.M.Crawford & D.G.Mann | ENCYSUBH | Freshwater | Holarctic | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Alkaline | 2 |
Fragilariforma bicapitata (A.Mayer) D.M.Williams & Round | FRAGBIC | Freshwater | Holarctic | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Acidic, Siliceous | 2 |
Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) De Toni | FRUSTV | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | 2 | |
Geissleria sp. | GEISSP | Freshwater | 1 | |||
Gomphonema angustum C.Agardh | GOMANG | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Calcium-bicarbonate rich | 1 | |
Gomphonema pumilum var. rigidum E.Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot | GOMPUM | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Calcium-bicarbonate rich | 9 |
Gomphonema pygmaeum J.Kociolek & E.Stoermer | GOMPYG | Freshwater | Holarctic | 4 | ||
Gomphonema micropus Kützing | GOMMIC | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Alkaline | 4 |
Gomphonema parvulum (Kützing) Kützing s.l. | GOMPAR | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Alkaline | 6 |
Gomphonema subclavatum (Grunow) Grunow | GOMSUB | Freshwater | Oligotrophic | 2 | ||
Halamphora bicapitata (M.H.Hohn & J.Hellerman) J.G.Stepanek & Kociolek | HALABI | Holarctic | 4 | |||
Halamphora coffeiformis (C.Agardh) Mereschkowsky | HALACOFFE | Brackish | Cosmopolitan | 1 | ||
Halamphora montana (Krasske) Levkov | HALAMON | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Alkaline | 4 |
Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow | HANTZAM | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | 3 | |
Hantzschia abundans Lange-Bertalot | HANTZAB | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | 1 | |
Humidophila contenta (Grunow) R.L.Lowe & al. | HUMCON | Freshwater, Aerophilic | Cosmopolitan | 3 | ||
Luticola acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin | LUTAC | Freshwater, Aerophilic | Holarctic | Oligotrophic | Weakly acidic | 1 |
Luticola cf. ventricosa (Kützing) D.G.Mann in Round, R.M.Crawford & D.G.Mann | LUTVEN | Freshwater, Aerophilic | Cosmopolitan | 1 | ||
Luticola mutica (Kützing) D.G.Mann in Round, R.M.Crawford & D.G.Mann | LUTMUT | Freshwater, Brackish, Aerophilic | Cosmopolitan | 2 | ||
Luticola nivalis (Ehrenberg) D.G.Mann in Round, R.M.Crawford & D.G.Mann | LUTNIV | Freshwater, Aerophilic | Holarctic | Oligotrophic | 1 | |
Mastogloia lanceolata Thwaites ex W. Smith | MASTL | Brackish,Marine | 2 | |||
Mastogloia pusilla var. pusilla Grunow | MASTP | Brackish, Marine | 1 | |||
Mastogloia sp.1 | MAST1 | Brackish, Marine | 1 | |||
Mastogloia sp.2 | MAST2 | Brackish, Marine | 1 | |||
Mastogloia sp.3 | MAST3 | Brackish, Marine | 2 | |||
Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) Van Heurck | MERCIR | Freshwater | Holarctic | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | 2 | |
Navicula antonii Lange-Bertalot | NAVANT | Freshwater | 7 | |||
Navicula blazencicae Z.Levkov & S.Krstic | NAVBLA | Freshwater | Alpine | 2 | ||
Navicula cincta (Ehrenb.) Ralfs in A.Pritch. | NAVCINC | 1 | ||||
Navicula cryptotenella | NAVCRY | 2 | ||||
Navicula sp. | NAVSP | 4 | ||||
Navicula tripunctata (O.F.Müller) Bory in Bory de Saint-Vincent | NAVTRI | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Eutrophic | 3 | |
Navicula vulpina Kützing | NAVVUL | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 1 |
Navicymbula pussila (Grunow) Krammer | NAVYPUS | Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 1 | |
Neidiomorpha binodiformis (Krammer) M.Cantonati, Lange-Bertalot & N.Angeli | NEIDBI | Freshwater | Holarctic | Oligotrophic | 1 | |
Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch | NITZCLAUS | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic | 1 | |
Nitzschia denticula Grunow | NITZDEN | Freshwater | Widely distributed | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Сalcium-bicarbonate rich | 4 |
Nitzschia linearis W.Smith | NITZLIN | Freshwater | Holarctic | Eutrophic | Alkaline | 4 |
Nitzschia schwabei Krasske ex Lange-Bertalot | NITZSCH | Brackish | Holarctic | 4 | ||
Nitzschia tenuis W.Smith | NITZTE | Freshwater | Holarctic | Eutrophic | 1 | |
Nitzschia thermaloides Hustedt | NITZTHE | Marine, Brackish | Holarctic | 2 | ||
Nitzschia tubicola Grunow in Cleve & Grunow | NITZTU | Marine, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | 5 | ||
Nitzschia valdestriata Aleem & Hustedt | NITZVA | Freshwater, Brackish | Widely distributed | 1 | ||
Pinnularia bertrandii var. angustefasciata Krammer | PINNBET | Freshwater | Holarctic | 1 | ||
Pinnularia borealis var. scalaris (Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst | PINNBOR | Freshwater | Widely distributed | Siliceous | 1 | |
Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot | PLANFRE | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | Alkaline | 11 |
Playaensis citrus (Krasske) E.Reichardt | PLAYCI | Freshwater | Widely distributed | 1 | ||
Pleurosigma elongatum W.Smith | PLEU | 1 | ||||
Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) D.M.Williams & Round | PSEUSBRE | Freshwater, Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Calcium-bicarbonate rich | 1 |
Reimeria uniseriata S.E.Sala, J.M.Guerrero & M.E.Ferrario | REIMUN | Freshwater | Widely distributed | 4 | ||
Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenberg) O.Müller | RHOGI | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | Alkaline | 1 |
Sellaphora sp. | SELLSP | 1 | ||||
Stauroforma exiguiformis (Lange-Bertalot) R.J.Flower, V.J.Jones & Round | STAUREXI | Freshwater | Cosmopolitan | Eutrophic | Acidic | 1 |
Surirella angusta Kützing | SURAN | Freshwater | Widely distributed | Mesotrophic, Eutrophic | 1 | |
Surirella ovalis Brébisson | SUROV | Brackish, Marine | Cosmopolitan | 1 | ||
Surirella sp. | SURSP | Brackish, Marine | 1 | |||
Tryblionella angustata W.Smith | TRYAN | Freshwater, Brackish, Marine | Cosmopolitan | 2 | ||
Tryblionella apiculata W.Gregory | TRYAP | Freshwater, Brackish, Marine | Cosmopolitan | Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic | 2 | |
Tryblionella hungarica (Grunow) Frenguelli | TRYHUN | Brackish | Cosmopolitan | Mesotrophic | 5 |
July 12-20, 2022
This dataset presents the first data on the distribution of freshwater and brackish diatoms on Abrau Peninsula and especially in the territory of the Utrish State Nature Reserve. The data in this occurrence resource have been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardised format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 215 occurrences. This IPT archives the data and, thus, serves as the data repository.
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
id | The ID of the record. |
type | The nature of the resource. |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record. |
occurrenceID | Identifier of the record, coded as a global unique identifier. |
eventID | Identifier of the event, unique for the dataset. |
eventDate | Time interval when the event occurred. |
country | Country of the sampling site. |
countryCode | Code of the country where the event occurred. |
LocationID | Identifier of sampling location for this dataset. |
samplingProtocol | Description of sample collection method. |
locationRemarks | Notes about the features of sampling site. |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude of the sampling site. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude of the sampling site. |
geodeticDatum | The spatial reference system upon which the geographic coordinates are based. |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The indicator for the accuracy of the coordinate location in metres, described as the radius of a circle around the stated point location. |
recordedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people responsible for collecting material and recording the original Occurrence. |
identifiedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people who assigned the Taxon to the subject. |
taxonID | The identifier for the set of taxon information (data associated with the Taxon class). Specific identifier to the dataset. |
scientificName | The name with authorship applied on the first identification of the specimen. |
acceptedNameUsage | The specimen accepted name, with authorship. |
kingdom | Kingdom name. |
phylum | Phylum name. |
class | Class name. |
order | Order name. |
family | Family name |
genus | Genus name. |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName. |
infraspecificEpithet | The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation. |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName. |
scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information for the scientificName. |
identificationQualifier | Contains commentaries about taxon identification (marks sp., sensu lato etc.) |
Diatom diversity and occurrence
This study presents 215 diatom (Bacillariophyta) occurrences in 67 sites on the Abrau Peninsula, belonging to 88 different infrageneric taxa from 39 genera, 25 families, 12 orders and one class (Table
The most common species were Planothidium frequentissimum (11 samples), Cocconeis placentula (9 samples), Gomphonema pumilum var. rigidum (9 samples), Achnanthidium minutissimum (8 samples), Navicula antonii (7 samples), Amphora inariensis (6 samples) and Gomphonema parvulum (6 samples) (Fig.
LM and SEM images of the most common and some other diatoms findings on Abrau Peninsula: 1-3 Navicula blazencicae; 4-7 – Navicula antonii; 8-10 – Mastogloia sp.2; 11, 12 – Cocconeis placentula s.l.; 13, 14 – Achnanthidium minutissimum; 15, 16 – Brachysira aponina; 17, 18 – Planothidium frequentissimum; 19, 20 – Gomphonema parvulum s.l.; 21-23 – Amphora inariensis; 24-26 – Gomphonema pumilum var. rigidum; 27, 28 – Mastogloia lanceolata. Scale bar = 10 µm and applies for all images, except SEM pictures 7, 10, 16, 23, 26, 28. LM – light microscopy, SEM – scanning electron microscopy.
The richiest sites in number of taxa were UT-2021-67 (20 taxa), UT-2021-20 (freshwater puddle, 16 taxa), UT-2021-28 (freshwater waterbody sediment, 14 taxa), UT-2021-25 (soil sample of puddle, 11 taxa), UT-2021-54 (freshwater waterbody with antropogenic impact, 11 taxa) and UT-2021-66 (coastline brackish lagoon, 11 taxa).
The UT-2021-67 site is a quite unique sampling site, where freshwater from the Zhemchuzhnyj Waterfall stream mixes with seawater and rocks with water from the stream being covered with moss. From this site, we sampled both rock scrap and moss squeeze and found the highest diversity of diatom taxa (Fig.
Light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the most frequently occurring species and some others are represented in Fig.
Navicula blazencicae Levkov (Fig.
One of Mastogloia species, referred to as Mastogloia sp.2 (Fig.
Data analysis
The cluster analysis revealed a considerable modulation effect of habitat type on the floristic composition of diatom communities of the Abrau Peninsula (Fig.
Hierarchical cluster analysis using the presence/absence matrix of diatom communities collected by different sampling methods from various biotopes of Abrau Peninsula (binary method, Ward.D2 clustering). Different symbols at the nodes of clusters illustrates biotope types: triangles – streams, squares – puddles (temporary waterbodies) and circles – permanent waterbodies. Right part of labels illustrates the type of sampling method: Moss – moss squeeze, Sedim – sediment from the bottom of waterbody or stream, Scrap – scrapping from the stones and Soil – soil in the littoral zone of waterbodies. Values at branches are approximately unbiased p-values (red colour) and bootstrap probabilities (green colour) in percentage. Clusters that are framed by red dashed line are supported by a p-value < 0.05.
The results of cluster analysis suggest that the floristic composition of diatom communities from streams is quite different from that in small ephemeral water objects (puddles) and stagnant water bodies (such as ponds, lakes and lagoons). Although some of the species living in streams might sometimes be present in puddles (see Fig.
The ecological conditions of marine and brackish waterbodies were obviously antagonistic to freshwater, thus the PCA by factor 1 clearly and predictably separated the frequency of freshwater and marine and brackish species (Fig.
Relationship between frequency of species occurrences with different separability (italic, active variables) and environment preferences (normal, supplementary variables) and in various investigated habitats (bold and italic, active variables) determined using the principal component analysis (PCA).
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project #19-74-10104. The identification of the diatoms was supported by RFBR, project #20-34-90011. The study was conducted using the Joint Usage Center «Instrumental methods in ecology» at the IEE RAS. The authors are grateful to O.N. Bykhalova, Deputy Director of Research at Utrish State Nature Reserve for the opportunity to work in the Reserve and for her help with fieldwork and samples collection. We also want to thank our friend, Ekaterina Petyukova, for help during the field compaign and collection of some samples. We would like to thank Dmitry A. Chudaev (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia) for valuable comments on diatom identification. We thank all reviewers and redactors for their comments and suggestions that helped us significantly improve manuscript.
AN and DK worked out the concept of the study. AN and AP carried out sampling collection in July 2021 on the Abrau Peninsula and Utrish Nature State Reserve. AN prepared samples and permanent microscopic slides and identified diatoms. RS and DK performed statistical analyses of obtained data. AN, RS, AP and DK worked on preparation of the Darwin Core archive dataset and text of the manuscript. All authors agree with the final version of the paper.