A checklist and areography of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria

Georgi Georgiev; Vladimir Sakalian; Plamen Mirchev; Margarita Georgieva; Sevdalin Belilov

doi:10.3897/BDJ.10.e93718

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomy & Inventories

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Taxonomy & Inventories

A checklist and areography of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria

Georgi Georgiev^‡, Vladimir Sakalian^§, Plamen Mirchev^‡, Margarita Georgieva^‡, Sevdalin Belilov^‡

‡ Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

§ Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

Corresponding author: Georgi Georgiev (ggeorgiev.fri@gmail.com), Margarita Georgieva (margaritageorgiev@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Lech Karpiński

Received: 19 Aug 2022 | Accepted: 13 Oct 2022 | Published: 31 Oct 2022

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Georgiev G, Sakalian V, Mirchev P, Georgieva M, Belilov S (2022) A checklist and areography of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e93718. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e93718

Abstract

Background

The longhorn beetles fauna of Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria, was studied, based on literature data and original material. As a result, 100 taxa from five subfamilies are listed for the area, as follows: Prioninae (7 taxa), Lepturinae (31 taxa), Spondylidinae (9 taxa), Cerambycinae (28 taxa) and Lamiinae (25 taxa).

New information

This study presents two new records for Pirin Mts. (Oxymirus cursor and Tetropium fuscum fuscum) and new localities or additional information for 13 cerambycid taxa (species and subspecies). The 100 longhorn beetle taxa belong to 17 zoogeographical categories and eight complexes. The European complex occupies a dominant position (34%), followed by those from Palaearctic (17%), Eurosiberian (15%), Mediterranean (15%), European-Iranoturanian (9%), Balkan endemic (5%) and Holarctic (4%) complexes.

Keywords

Pirin Mountains, cerambycids, faunistics, chorology

Introduction

Pirin is the second highest mountain in Bulgaria. The highest peak of the mountain, Vihren (2914 m), occupies the third position on the Balkan Peninsula after Musala (2925 m) in Rila (Bulgaria) and Mytikas (2918 m) in Olympus (Greece). The average altitude of Pirin Mts. is 1033 m a.s.l. and the total area is 2585 km².

The vegetation of Pirin Mts. is vertically divided into three altitude belts: forest, subalpine and alpine. The lower part of the forest belt is predominantly made up of broad-leaved species stands (Carpinus betulus, Quercus petraea, Fagus sylvatica, Populus tremula etc.) and the upper part is mainly occupied by conifers (Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, P. peuce, P. heldreichii, P. mugo, Abies alba and Picea abies) (Stoyanov 1966).

The Bulgarian cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) is relatively well studied. Fragmentary data about findings of longhorn beetles in different mountains of the country, including Pirin, are available in many publications (Heyrovský 1931, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1932, Kantardjiewa-Minkova 1934, Minkova 1957, Minkova 1961, Angelov 1967, Ganev 1984, Ganev 1985, Ganev 1986, Angelov 1995, Doychev and Georgiev 2004, Georgiev et al. 2005, Migliaccio et al. 2007, Rapuzzi and Georgiev 2007, etc.). Recently, fragmentary data have been summarised in separate lists for some Bulgarian mountains: Eastern Rhodopes (Georgiev et al. 2004), Western Rhodopes (Georgiev et al. 2006), West Balkan Range (Georgiev 2011), Vitosha (Topalov 2018), Strandzha (Georgiev et al. 2018), Belasitsa (Georgiev et al. 2019) and Rila (Georgiev et al. 2021). However, there is no checklist of cerambycid fauna of Pirin Mountains.

The aim of this study is to summarise the published data about longhorn beetles in the Pirin Mts., report new records and provide a chorological analysis of the cerambycid fauna of this mountain range.

Materials and methods

The longhorn beetles of Pirin Mts. were studied using literature data, our original records and unpublished materials from the entomological collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. The original material was collected on flowers, host plants and using an interception trap in a tree crown of Pinus heldreichii.

In this study, we followed the classification and nomenclature of longhorn beetles proposed by Sama (2002), Sama (2013), Biscaccianti (2007), Lobl and Smetana (2010), Miroshnikov (2016), Miroshnikov (2021), Zamoroka et al. (2022) and Danilevsky (2022), without indication of tribes and subgenera.

The zoogeographical characterisation of longhorn beetles was made on the basis of chorotypes (Vigna-Taglianti et al. 1999) and recent distribution of the taxa (Danilevsky 2022). According to Georgiev and Hubenov (2006) and Sakalian and Langourov (2007) conceptions, the established taxa are arranged in 18 chorotypes (areographic categories).

This paper provides a map with all known localities of the longhorn beetles recorded from Pirin Mts. It includes new localities from the current study and those already published. The records without a specific location, such as "Pirin Mt.", were not marked on the map.

Thecerambycid specimens collected in this study were deposited in the private entomological collection of Georgi Georgiev (mentioned with the abbreviation [GG]).

Checklist

Ergates faber subsp. faber (Linnaeus, 1760)

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country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Sandanski
; verbatimEventDate:
13/07/2010
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
1F526295-081D-561F-BDE3-4224D3344C7B

Distribution:

West Palaearctic subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Mesoprionus besikanus (Fairmaire, 1855)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Peyo Yavorov hut
; verbatimLocality:
tree trap in Pinus heldreichii stand
; verbatimElevation:
1886 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
41.825139
; verbatimLongitude:
23.375639
; startDayOfYear:
03/08/2020
; endDayOfYear:
30/10/2020
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
49971BE7-1E39-5A82-99ED-39D191D8CD72

Distribution:

East Mediterranean species (Danilevsky 2022).

Carilia virginea subsp. virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Peyo Yavorov hut
; verbatimElevation:
1750 m a.s.l.
; verbatimEventDate:
03/08/2020
; sex:
2 males, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
D9552788-FD98-51B6-B16F-AE57FA7CFAD0

Distribution:

West Eurosiberian species (Danilevsky 2022).

Oxymirus cursor (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Above Bansko
; verbatimEventDate:
17/06/2006
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
A4716EEA-1076-5646-9EB9-969B76134037

Distribution:

West Eurosiberian species (Danilevsky 2022).

Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman, 1817)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Kalimantsi vill.
; verbatimEventDate:
06/06/2006
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
81A397FA-9725-5CF5-B4B7-C200E5E68367

Distribution:

European-Iranian species (Danilevsky 2022).

Pedostrangalia verticalis Germar, 1822

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Peyo Yavorov hut
; verbatimElevation:
1750 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
41.824056
; verbatimLongitude:
23.378472
; verbatimEventDate:
03/08/2020
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
0FE1B1A0-C0DB-503A-9D14-0D076DCE9DDE

Distribution:

Northeast Mediterranean species (Danilevsky 2022).

Pseudovadonia livida subsp. livida (Fabricius, 1777)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Kalimantsi vill.
; verbatimEventDate:
06/06/2006
; sex:
2 males
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
198F0B2A-AD84-5830-B29D-A74D95D5C9BD

Distribution:

European subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Rutpela maculata subsp. maculata (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Peyo Yavorov hut
; verbatimElevation:
1750 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
41.824056
; verbatimLongitude:
23.378472
; verbatimEventDate:
03/08/2020
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
DFC61675-6F84-5C03-9A40-C41BC6B29417

Distribution:

European-Anatolian subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Rutpela nigra subsp. nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Koprivlen vill.
; verbatimElevation:
600 m a.s.l.
; verbatimEventDate:
06/06/2006
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
A35478D3-4611-542B-A9F5-364627A7E98B
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Gorno Spantchevtsi vill.
; verbatimElevation:
600 m a.s.l.
; verbatimEventDate:
06/06/2006
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
DEB958C5-8C51-5E08-A813-BC5922B35805

Distribution:

European-Anatolian subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Stictoleptura scutellata subsp. scutellata (Fabricius, 1781)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Peyo Yavorov hut
; verbatimElevation:
1750 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
41.824056
; verbatimLongitude:
23.378472
; verbatimEventDate:
03/08/2020
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
BDAAD8B2-BBB0-57E3-8EF9-F56100B594B5

Distribution:

European subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Tetropium fuscum subsp. fuscum (Fabricius, 1787)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Bansko
; verbatimElevation:
1180 m a.s.l.
; verbatimLatitude:
41.809944
; verbatimLongitude:
23.468361
; verbatimEventDate:
08/06/2019
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
1CC6778F-5724-5186-874C-1315BDEA4920

Distribution:

Transholarctic species (Danilevsky 2022).

Callimus angulatus subsp. angulatus (Schrank, 1789)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Koprivlen vill.
; verbatimElevation:
600 m a.s.l.
; verbatimEventDate:
06/06/2006
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
91AE5D50-EF4F-5251-8CD6-A58CD70CE605

Distribution:

Euromediterranean subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Clytus rhamni subsp. rhamni Germar, 1817

Materials Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Kalimantsi vill.
; verbatimLocality:
Shirokata Burchina place
; verbatimElevation:
350 m a.s.l.
; verbatimEventDate:
01/06/2002
; sex:
2 males
; recordedBy:
D. Chobanov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
A88ED3F7-C766-5689-8AE8-A2A411B111A6
country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Kalimantsi vill.
; verbatimEventDate:
06/06/2006
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
D554C836-6D28-5408-85D1-12DAE85B6A61

Distribution:

Northeast Mediterranean subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Agapanthia kirbyi subsp. kirbyi (Gyllenhal, 1817)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Oshtava vill.
; verbatimEventDate:
15/06/2008
; sex:
1 female
; recordedBy:
G. Georgiev leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
46747924-CCCA-5F0C-A06C-58ABD5E728A1

Distribution:

European-Iranian subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Phytoecia coerulescens subsp. coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763)

Material Download as CSV

country:
Bulgaria
; locality:
Kalimantsi vill.
; verbatimEventDate:
06/06/2006
; sex:
1 male
; recordedBy:
N. Simov leg. [GG]
; occurrenceID:
E619F1FC-A2B1-5A87-BC9E-245749131A90

Distribution:

West Palaearctic subspecies (Danilevsky 2022).

Analysis

According to the present study, 15 species are reported for Pirin Mountains. Of these, two species Oxymirus cursor and Tetropium fuscum fuscum are new records and new localities or new specimens are given for 13 species. Summarising our data with the published one, 100 cerambycid taxa from 32 localities are recorded in Pirin Mts. (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Localities of the collected cerambycids in Pirin Mts.: 1 – Sandanski; 2 – Peyo Yavorov hut; 3 – Koprivlen; 4 – Gorno Spantchevtsi; 5 – Bansko; 6 – Kalimantsi; 7 – Oshtava; 8 – Rozhen Monsarety; 9 – Vlahi; 10 – Tremoshnitsa River; 11 – Banderitsa hut; 12 – Popina laka; 13 – Kulinoto; 14 – Nova Lovcha; 15 – Oreliak; 16 – Sandanska Bistritsa River; 17 – Lilyanovo; 18 – Kresna; 19 – Vihren; 20 – Predela; 21 – Demyanitsa River; 22 – Pirin; 23 – Yane Sandanski hut; 24 – Ilindentsi; 25 – Eltepe; 26 – Bayuvi Dupki; 27 – Gotse Delchev; 28 – Stara Kresna; 29 – Katuntsi; 30 – Gotse Delchev hut; 31 – Melnik; 32 – Paril

The recorded cerambycid taxa belong to five subfamilies: Prioninae (7 taxa), Lepturinae (31 taxa), Spondylidinae (9 taxa), Cerambycinae (28 taxa) and Lamiinae (25 taxa) (Table 1).

Table 1.

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XLSX

Table 1. Localities and chorotypes of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Pirin Mts.

N	Taxon	Locality (N – see Fig. 1)	Reference	Chorotype
	Subfamily Prioninae Latreille, 1802
1	Aegosoma scabricorne (Scopoli, 1763)	Sandanski (1)	Minkova (1957), Ganev (1985), Ganev (1986), Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007), Georgiev (2020)	European-Iranian
1	Aegosoma scabricorne (Scopoli, 1763)	Rozhen Monsarety (8) Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Iranian
2	Prinobius myardi slamorum Danilevsky, 2012	Vlahi vill. (9)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007), Migliaccio et al. (2007)	Pontomediterranean
3	Rhaesus serricollis Motschulsky, 1838	Tremoshtitsa River (10)	Ganev (1986)	East European-Iranian
4	Tragosoma depsarium (Linnaeus, 1767)	Banderitsa hut (11)	Dimitrov (1963)	Eurosiberian
5	Mesoprionus besikanus (Fairmaire, 1855)	Tremoshtnitsa River (10)	Ganev (1986)	East Mediterranean
		Pirin Mt.	Angelov (1995)
		Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	New locality record
6	Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758)	Bansko (5)	Ganev (1984)	West Palaearctic
		Popina laka (12), Tremoshtitsa River (10)	Ganev (1986)
		Pirin Mt.	Angelov (1995)
		Kulinoto loc., Razlog (13)	Georgiev (2020)
		Paril vill.	Georgiev (2020) Gradinarov et al. (2020)
7	Ergates faber faber (Linnaeus, 1760)	Nova Lovcha vill. (14)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	West Palaearctic
7	Ergates faber faber (Linnaeus, 1760)	Sandanski (1)	New locality record	West Palaearctic
	Subfamily Lepturinae Latreille, 1802
8	Alosterna tabacicolor tabacicolor (DeGeer, 1775)	Bansko (5), Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	West Eurosiberian
8	Alosterna tabacicolor tabacicolor (DeGeer, 1775)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	West Eurosiberian
9	Anastrangalia dubia dubia (Scopoli, 1763)	Banderitsa (11)	Heyrovský (1931), Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	Euromediterranean
9	Anastrangalia dubia dubia (Scopoli, 1763)	Pirin Mt.	Angelov (1995)	Euromediterranean
10	Anastrangalia sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1760)	Oreliak Reserve (15)	Georgiev et al. (2005)	West Eurosiberian
		Sandanska Bistritsa River (16)	Georgiev (2020)
		Bansko (5)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
11	Etorofus pubescens (Fabricius, 1787)	Pirin Mt.	Bringmann (1996)	European-Anatolian
12	Grammoptera ruficornis ruficornis (Fabricius, 1781)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Anatolian
13	Pachytodes cerambyciformis (Schrank, 1781)	Banderitsa hut (11)	Angelov (1967)	European
14	Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman, 1817)	Lilyanovo vill. (17), Kresna (18)	Angelov (1967)	European-Iranian
		Banderitsa Chalet - Vihren Peak (19)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
		Kalimantsi vill. (6)	New locality record
15	Leptura aurulenta Fabricius, 1793	Popina laka loc. (12)	Ganev (1986)	Euromediterranean
16	Leptura quadrifasciata quadrifasciata Linnaeus, 1758	Bansko (5) Pirin Mt.	Heyrovský (1931), Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	Transpalaearctic
17	Paracorymbia fulva (DeGeer, 1775)	Lilyanovo vill. (17), Kresna (18)	Angelov (1967)	European-Anatolian
17	Paracorymbia fulva (DeGeer, 1775)	Bansko (5)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Anatolian
18	Paracorymbia pallens (Brullé, 1832)	Vlahi vill. (9)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Northeast Mediterranean
19	Pedostrangalia verticalis Germar, 1822	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	Northeast Mediterranean
		Vlahi vill. (9)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
		Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	New locality record
20	Pedostrangalia revestita (Linnaeus, 1767)	Sandanski (1)	Migliaccio et al. (2007)	European
21	Pseudovadonia livida livida (Fabricius, 1777)	Bansko (5)	Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	European
		Lilyanovo vill. (17)	Angelov (1967)
		Kalimantsi vill. (6)	New locality record
22	Rutpela maculata maculata (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)	Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	Georgiev (2020)	European-Anatolian
22	Rutpela maculata maculata (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)	Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	Record in this study	European-Anatolian
23	Rutpela nigra nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Anatolian
23	Rutpela nigra nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)	Koprivlen vill. (6) Gorno Spantchevtsi vill. (4)	New locality record New locality record	European-Anatolian
24	Rutpela septempunctata septempunctata (Fabricius, 1793)	Bansko (5)	Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	European
24	Rutpela septempunctata septempunctata (Fabricius, 1793)	Banderitsa Chalet - Vihren Peak (19)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European
25	Stenurella bifasciata intermedia Holzschuh, 2006	Bansko (5)	Heyrovský (1931)	Balkan endemic
		Kresna gorge (18)	Danilevsky (2011)
		Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
26	Stenurella melanura melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007) Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Transpalaearctic
26	Stenurella melanura melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)	Predela loc. (20)	Georgiev (2020)	Transpalaearctic
27	Stictoleptura cordigera cordigera (Füsslins, 1775)	Popina laka (12)	Ganev (1986)	European-Iranian
28	Stictoleptura rubra rubra (Linnaeus, 1758)	Demyanitsa River (21)	Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	Eurosiberian
29	Stictoleptura scutellata scutellata (Fabricius, 1781)	Popina laka (12)	Ganev (1986)	European
		Pirin vill. (22)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
		Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	New locality record
30	Vadonia dojranensis mahri Holzschuh, 1986	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Minkova (1961)	Balkan endemic
31	Oxymirus cursor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Bansko (5)	First record for Pirin Mts.	West Eurosiberian
32	Carilia virginea virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)	Pirin Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932), Minkova (1957)	West Eurosiberian
32	Carilia virginea virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)	Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	New locality record	West Eurosiberian
33	Cortodera femorata (Fabricius, 1787)	Bansko (5)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	West Eurosiberian
34	Cortodera humeralis humeralis (Schaller, 1783)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	European-Anatolian
35	Pachyta quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)	Pirin Mt.	Angelov (1995) Migliaccio et al. (2007)	Transpalaearctic
35	Pachyta quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)	Tremoshtnitsa River (10)	Ganev (1986)	Transpalaearctic
36	Rhagium bifasciatum Fabricius, 1775	Pirin Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	European-Iranian
		Yane Sandanski hut (23)	Angelov (1967)
		Pirin vill. (22)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
37	Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Yane Sandanski hut (23)	Angelov (1967)	Eurosiberian
		Popina laka (12)	Ganev (1986)
		Ilindentsi vill. (24)	Doychev et al. (2019)
		Eltepe shelter (25)	Georgiev (2020)
		Bansko (5), Vichren peak (19)	Georgiev and Simov (2006)
38	Xylosteus bartoni Obenberger & Mařan, 1933	Banderitsa hut (11), Vihren (19)	Georgiev and Simov (2006)	Balkan endemic
38	Xylosteus bartoni Obenberger & Mařan, 1933	Vihren (19), Bayuvi Dupki - Dzhindhiritsa Reserve (26)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Balkan endemic
	Subfamily Spondylidinae Audinet-Serville, 1832
39	Alocerus moesiacus (Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837)	Kalimantsi hut (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Transmediterranean
40	Archopalus ferus (Mulsant, 1839)	Tremoshnitsa River (10)	Ganev (1986)	Transpalaearctic
40	Archopalus ferus (Mulsant, 1839)	Pirin Mt.	Angelov (1995)	Transpalaearctic
41	Archopalus rusticus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Bansko (5)	Ganev (1984)	Transpalaearctic
		Tremoshnitsa River (10)	Ganev (1986)
		Predela loc. (20)	Georgiev (2020)
		Ilindentsi vill. (24), reared from Pinus nigra	Doychev et al. (2017)
42	Asemum striatum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Demjanitsa hut (21)	Angelov (1967)	Transholarctic
43	Nothorhina punctata (Fabricius, 1798)	Yane Sandanski hut (23)	Migliaccio et al. (2007)	Transpalaearctic
44	Tetropium castaneum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Bansko (5)	Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	Transpalaearctic
45	Tetropium fuscum fuscum (Fabricius, 1787)	Bansko (5)	First record for Pirin Mts.	Transholarctic
46	Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Brancsik, 1886	Pirin Mt.	Minkova (1957), Angelov (1995)	European
		Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)
		Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	Georgiev (2020)
47	Spondylis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1758)	Pirin Mt.	Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1932)	Transpalaearctic
	Subfamily Cerambycinae Latreille, 1802
48	Icosium tomentosum atticum Ganglbauer, 1882	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov and Sivilov (2020)	Northeast Mediterranean
49	Anaglyptus mysticus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Gotse Delchev (27)	Georgiev (2020)	European-Anatolian
50	Phymatodes glabratus (Charpentier, 1825)	Ilindentsi vill. (24), reared from Cupressus sempervirens	Doychev and Georgiev (2006), Doychev et al. (2017)	European-Anatolian
51	Phymatodes lividus (Rossi, 1794)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Migliaccio et al. (2007), Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	Euromediterranean
52	Phymatodes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Transholarctic
53	Cerambyx miles Bonelli, 1812	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Anatolian
54	Cerambyx scopolii scopolii Fuessly, 1775	Bayuvi dupki loc. (26)	Georgiev (2020)	European-Anatolian
55	Chlorophorus figuratus (Scopoli, 1763)	Pirin Mt.	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	West Eurosiberian
55	Chlorophorus figuratus (Scopoli, 1763)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	West Eurosiberian
56	Chlorophorus herbstii (Brahm, 1790)	Bansko (5)	Angelov (1967)	Eurosiberian
57	Chlorophorus varius varius (O. F. Müller, 1766)	Sandanski (1)	Angelov (1967)	West Eurosiberian
57	Chlorophorus varius varius (O. F. Müller, 1766)	Tremoshnitsa River (10)	Ganev (1986)	West Eurosiberian
58	Chlorophorus sartor (O. F. Müller, 1766)	Gotse Delchev (27)	Georgiev (2020)	West Palaearctic
58	Chlorophorus sartor (O. F. Müller, 1766)	Banderitsa loc. (11), Sheitan Dere River, Stara Kresna vill. (28)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	West Palaearctic
59	Clytus rhamni rhamni Germar, 1817	Gotse Delchev (27)	Georgiev (2020)	Northeast Mediterranean
59	Clytus rhamni rhamni Germar, 1817	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	New locality record	Northeast Mediterranean
60	Echinocerus floralis aulicus (Laicharting, 1784)	Sandanski (1)	Angelov (1967)	Transpalaearctic
60	Echinocerus floralis aulicus (Laicharting, 1784)	Bayuvi Dupki loc. (26)	Georgiev (2020)	Transpalaearctic
61	Neoplagionotus bobelayei bobelayei (Brullé, 1832)	Vlahi vill. (9)	Ganev (1985)	East European-Iranian
62	Xylotrechus arvicola arvicola (Olivier, 1795)	Predela (20)	Georgiev (2020)	Euromediterranean
63	Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906	Lilyanovo vill. (17)	Gradinarov and Sivilov (2020)	Subcosmopolitan
64	Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758)	Banderitsa hut (11)	Angelov (1967)	European-Anatolian
64	Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758)	Popina laka loc. (12)	Ganev (1986)	European-Anatolian
65	Axinopalpis gracilis gracilis (Krynicki, 1832)	Kalimantsi vill. (6), Ilindentsi vill. (24), Lilyanovo vill. (17)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Iranian
66	Stromatium auratum (Böber, 1793)	Sandanski (1)	Kovacs et al. (1998)	Transmediterranean
67	Molorchus minor minor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Bansko (5)	Georgiev et al. (2005)	Transpalaearctic
67	Molorchus minor minor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Vihren peak (19)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Transpalaearctic
68	Obrium brunneum (Fabricius, 1793)	Bansko (5)	Angelov (1988)	European-Anatolian
		Pirin Mt.	Angelov (1995)
		Banderitsa chalet (11)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
69	Stenhomalus bicolor bicolor (Kraatz, 1862)	Pirin Mt.	Heyrovský (1931)	Northeast Mediterranean
70	Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783)	Pirin vill. (22), Stara Kresna vill. (28)	Georgiev (2020)	West Palaearctic
71	Purpuricenus kaehleri rossicus Danilevsky, 2019	Popina laka (12)	Ganev (1986)	East European
71	Purpuricenus kaehleri rossicus Danilevsky, 2019	Gotse Delchev – Katuntsi (29)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	East European
72	Callimus angulatus angulatus (Schrank, 1789)	Koprivlen vill. (3)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	Euromediterranean
		Kalimantsi vill. (6), Pirin vill. (22)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
		Koprivlen vill. (3)	Record in this study
73	Callimus femoratus (Germar, 1824)	Katuntsi vill. (29)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	East European-Iranian
74	Stenopterus flavicornis Küster, 1846	Vlahi vill. (9)	Ganev (1985)	Northeast Mediterranean
74	Stenopterus flavicornis Küster, 1846	Gotse Delchev (27)	Georgiev (2020)	Northeast Mediterranean
75	Stenopterus rufus rufus (Linnaeus, 1767)	Gotse Delchev (27)	Georgiev (2020)	European
	Subfamily Lamiinae Latreille, 1825
76	Acanthocinus aedilis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Banderitsa hut (11)	Dimitrov (1963)	Transpalaearctic
		Sandanski (1)	Angelov (1967)
		Gotse Delchev hut (30)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)
77	Aegomorphus clavipes (Schrank, 1781)	Pirin Mt.	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	European
77	Aegomorphus clavipes (Schrank, 1781)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European
78	Aegomorphus krueperi (Kraatz, 1859)	Kulinoto loc. near Razlog (13)	Georgiev (2020)	Balkan endemic
79	Agapanthia cardui (Linnaeus, 1767)	Yane Sandanski hut (23)	Angelov (1967)	European
80	Agapanthia villosoviridescens (De Geer, 1775)	Yane Sandanski hut (23)	Angelov (1967)	Eurosiberian
81	Agapanthia violacea (Fabricius, 1775)	Pirin Mt.	Bringmann (1995)	European-Anatolian
81	Agapanthia violacea (Fabricius, 1775)	Melnik (31)	Georgiev (2020)	European-Anatolian
82	Agapanthia kirbyi kirbyi (Gyllenhal, 1817)	Gotse Delchev hut (30)	Georgiev (2020)	European-Iranian
		Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
		Oshtava vill. (7)	New locality record
83	Anaesthetis testacea testacea (Fabricius, 1781)	Gotse Delchev (27), Predela loc. (20)	Georgiev (2020)	European-Anatolian
83	Anaesthetis testacea testacea (Fabricius, 1781)	Paril vill. (32)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Anatolian
84	Dorcadion septemlineatum septemlineatum Waltl, 1838	Sandanski (1)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	Balkan endemic
85	Neodorcadion bilineatum (Germar, 1823)	Bansko (5), Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Northeast Mediterranean
86	Exocentrus adspersus Mulsant, 1846	Pirin Mt.	Heyrovský (1931), Kantardjiewa-Minkova (1934)	European-Anatolian
86	Exocentrus adspersus Mulsant, 1846	Lilyanovo vill. (17)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European-Anatolian
87	Exocentrus punctipennis punctipennis Mulsant & Guillebeau, 1856	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	European
88	Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1862	Pirin Mt.	Bringmann (1997)	Northeast Mediterranean
88	Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1862	Bayuvi Dupki loc. (26)	Georgiev (2020)	Northeast Mediterranean
89	Monochamus galloprovincialis pistor (Germar, 1818)	Banderitsa hut (11)	Dimitrov (1963)	West Eurosiberian
89	Monochamus galloprovincialis pistor (Germar, 1818)	Pirin Mt.	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	West Eurosiberian
90	Monochamus sutor sutor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Peyo Yavorov hut (2)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	West Eurosiberian
90	Monochamus sutor sutor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Pirin Mt.	Georgiev (2020)	West Eurosiberian
91	Phytoecia affinis affinis (Harrer, 1784)	Yane Sandanski hut (23)	Bringmann (1998)	European-Anatolian
92	Phytoecia coerulescens coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	West Palaearctic
		Sandanska Bistritsa River (16)	Georgiev (2020)
		Banderitsa Chalet - Vihren Peak (19)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)
		Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Record in this study
93	Phytoecia vittipennis vittipennis Reiche, 1877	Melnik (31)	Rapuzzi and Georgiev (2007)	Northeast Mediterranean
94	Phytoecia albovittigera Heyden, 1863	Vlahi vill. (9)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Northeast Mediterranean
95	Phytoecia hirsutula hirsutula (Frölich, 1793)	Kalimantsi vill. (6)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	West Eurosiberian
96	Pogonocherus fasciculatus fasciculatus DeGeer, 1775	Sandanski, Melnik (31)	Bringmann and Döring (2001)	Transpalaearctic
		Banderitsa hut (11)	Doychev and Georgiev (2004)
		Ilindentsi vill. (24), reared from Pinus nigra	Doychev et al. (2017)
97	Pogonocherus perroudi perroudi Mulsant, 1839	Rhozhen Monastery (8)	Bringmann and Döring (2001), Migliaccio et al. (2007)	Transmediterranean
98	Saperda populnea (Linnaeus, 1758)	Sandanski (1)	Angelov (1967)	Transholarctic
99	Saperda punctata (Linnaeus, 1767)	Lilyanovo vill. (17)	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Euromediterranean
100	Saperda scalaris scalaris (Linnaeus, 1758)	Pirin vill.	Gradinarov et al. (2020)	Euromediterranean

The established cerambycid taxa belong to 17 areographical categories separated in eight complexes (Table 2).

Table 2.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

Areogeographic characterisation of cerambycids in Pirin Mts.

Areographic categories and complexes	Number	Percentage
Cosmopolitan complex	1	1.0
Subcosmopolitan	1	1.0
Holarctic complex	4	4.0
Transholarctic	4	4.0
Palaearctic complex	17	17.0
Transpalaearctic	12	12.0
West Palaearctic	5	5.0
Eurosiberian complex	15	15.0
Eurosiberian	5	5.0
West Eurosiberian	10	10.0
European-Iranoturanian complex	9	9.0
European-Iranian	6	6.0
East European-Iranian	3	3.0
European complex	34	34.0
Euromediterranean	7	7.0
European-Anatolian	16	16.0
European	10	10.0
East European	1	1.0
Mediterranean complex	15	15.0
Transmediterranean	3	3.0
East Mediterranean	1	1.0
Northeast Mediterranean	10	10.0
Pontomediterranean	1	1.0
Balkan endemic complex	5	5.0
Balkan endemics	5	5.0
Total	100	100.0

The taxa from the European complex are dominant in Pirin Mts. (34%) followed by those from Palaearctic (17%), Eurosiberian (15%) and Mediterranean (15%) complexes (Fig. 2).

Figure 2.

Arealographic complexes of the longhorn beetles in Pirin Mts.

Discussion

The number of cerambycid taxa found in Pirin Mts. (100 species and subspecies) is closest to the West Balkan Range (107 taxa) (Georgiev 2011, Gradinarov and Petrova 2019), Belasitsa Mt. (110 taxa) (Georgiev et al. 2019), Vitosha Mt. (122 taxa) (Topalov 2018) and Rila Mt. (126 taxa) (Georgiev et al. 2021). It is also comparable to the number of cerambycids in other Bulgarian mountains studied: Strandzha (154 taxa) (Georgiev et al. 2018) and Western Rhodopes (161 taxa) (Georgiev et al. 2006).

In this study, taxa of the European complex occupy a dominant position (34%). They are connected with deciduous forests, which cover the largest parts of the lower territories of Pirin Mts. The second place is taken by the species and subspecies belonging to the Palaearctic complex (17%). These more eurybiont taxa are normally better represented in the high mountains, because of the harsh climatic conditions. Eurosiberian and Mediterranean complexes with equal value (15%) occupy the third place. This pattern differentiates Pirin from the rest of the studied high mountains - Vitosha (Topalov 2018) and Rila (Georgiev et al. 2021), where the third place is taken by Eurosiberian taxa. The difference is due not only to the more southerly location of the Pirin Mts., but also to the presence of the large valleys of Struma and Mesta Rivers, which allows the penetration of Mediterranean taxa.

The high territories mostly covered by coniferous trees and shrubs are favourable for distribution of the Eurosiberian taxa (fourth place). The refugial character of the region is underlined by the presence of five (5.0%) Balkan endemic cerambycids.

Concerning the other two studied mountains in Bulgaria - Strandzha (Georgiev et al. 2018) and Belasitsa (Georgiev et al. 2019), domination of European cerambycids were also established (33.1% and 38.2%, respectively), but the Mediterranean taxa have a greater share in both mountains (27.3% and 19.1%, respectively). In addition, European-Iranoturanian taxa are mostly represented in Strandzha Mt. (13.6%) compared to other mountains (7.2–11.1%). The level of Balkan and Bulgarian endemics is higher in Belasitsa Mt. – 9 taxa (8.2%), followed by Pirin 5 taxa (5.1 %), Rila Mt. – 5 (4.0%), Strandzha Mt. – 5 (3.3%) and Vitosha Mt. – 2 taxa (1.7%). Evidently, the conditions in Belasitsa Mt. and especially the distribution of relict forests of Castanea sativa is the most suitable for occurrence of endemics there.

In future investigations, the cerambycid fauna of Pirin Mt. will undoubtedly be enriched with species trophically associated with coniferous trees in the the mountains of Bulgaria, such as: Lepturobosca virens (Linnaeus, 1758), Acmaeops septentrionis Thomson, 1866, Acmaeops pratensis (Laicharting, 1784), Evodinellus clathratus (Fabricius, 1793), Molorchus marmottani marmottani Brisout de Barneville, 1863, Pachyta lamed (Linnaeus, 1758), Paracorymbia maculicornis (De Geer, 1775), Pidonia lurida (Fabricius, 1793), Semanotus undatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius, 1793), Acanthocinus reticulatus Razoumowsky, 1789 and Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787) (Georgiev and Hubenov 2006).

It is expected that longhorn beetles with Eurosiberian, Palearctic and European distribution associated with coniferous, broadleaved and grass vegetation in other mountains in south-western Bulgaria – Rila, Western Rhodopes and Belasitsa (Georgiev et al. 2006, Georgiev et al. 2019, Georgiev et al. 2021) will be also recorded: Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Anoplodera sexguttata (Fabricius, 1775), Anoplodera rufipes rufipes (Schaller, 1783), Dinoptera collaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Rhagium mordax (DeGeer, 1775), Rhagium sycophanta (Schrank, 1781), Strangalia attenuata (Linnaeus, 1758), Necydalis major Linnaeus, 1758, Clytus lama Mulsant, 1847, Ropalopus ungaricus insubricus (Germar, 1823), Stenocorus meridianus (Linnaeus, 1758), Aromia moschata moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Callidium violaceum (Linnaeus, 1758), Callidium aeneum aeneum (De Deer, 1775), Callidium coriaceum Paykull, 1800, Plagionotus arcuatus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758), Xylotrechus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Agapanthia dahli dahli (C. F. W. Richter, 1820), Dorcadion fulvum erythropterum Fischer von Waldheim, 1823, Dorcadion tauricum tauricum Waltl, 1838, Lamia textor (Linnaeus, 1758), Leiopus linnei Wallin, Nylander & Kvamme, 2009, Oberea erythrocephala erythrocephala (Schrank, 1776), Phytoecia cylindrica (Linnaeus, 1758), Phytoecia icterica (Schaller, 1783), Phytoecia nigricornis (Fabricius, 1782), Phytoecia virgula virgula (Charpentier, 1825), Pogonocherus hispidulus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783), Saperda carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tetrops praeustus praeustus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Due to the specific location of Pirin in south-eastern Europe and the penetration of Mediterranean influence along the valleys of the Struma and Mesta Rivers, it is very likely that species with European-Iranian and Mediterranean distribution reported for Rila and Belasitsa (Georgiev et al. 2019, Georgiev et al. 2021) may also be reported, for example: Grammoptera abdominalis (Stephens, 1831), Xylosteus spinolae Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837, Cerambyx nodulosus nodulosus Germar, 1817, Lioderina linearis (Hampe, 1871), Molorchus umbellatarum umbellatarum (Schreber, 1759), Ropalopus clavipes (Fabricius, 1775), Agapanthia cynarae cynarae (Germar, 1817), Mesosa curculionoides (Linnaeus, 1760) and Stenidea genei genei (Aragona, 1830).

Regarding the endemic complex, in future research, it is likely that other species reported for neighbouring Rila and Belasitsa Mts. may also be found: Agapanthia schurmanni Sama, 1979, Dorcadion aethiops strumense Danilevsky, 2014, Dorcadion axillare Küster, 1847, Dorcadion sturmii Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837 and Phytoecia geniculata orientalis Kraatz, 1871 (Georgiev et al. 2019, Georgiev et al. 2021).

Only three cerambycids were recorded in trophic associations with tree and shrub species in the Pirin Mts.: Arhopalus rusticus rusticus and Pogonocherus fasciculatus fasciculatus were reared from stems and branches of Pinus nigra (Doychev et al. 2017) and Phymatodes glabratus from a stem of Cupressus sempervirens (Doychev and Georgiev 2006).

In conclusion, finding of 100 taxa (approximately 35% of longhorn beetles in Bulgaria) indicates that this taxonomic group is not yet well-studied and about 70–80 taxa are expected to be recorded in future investigations in the Pirin Mts.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the project 'Structural and functional characteristics and perspectives for the use of endemic relict coniferous communities in the changing climate in Bulgaria' funded by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria (Grant no. KP-06-NP36/13/17.12.2019).

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Supplementary material

Endnotes