Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomy & Inventories
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Corresponding author: Enrico Ruzzier (enrico.ruzzier@unipd.it)
Academic editor: Jennifer C. Girón Duque
Received: 24 Aug 2022 | Accepted: 23 Sep 2022 | Published: 21 Oct 2022
© 2022 Matteo Marchioro, Massimo Faccoli, Marialuisa Dal Cortivo, Manuela Branco, Alain Roques, André Garcia, Enrico Ruzzier
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Marchioro M, Faccoli M, Dal Cortivo M, Branco M, Roques A, Garcia A, Ruzzier E (2022) New species and new records of exotic Scolytinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Europe. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e93995. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e93995
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Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) are amongst the most important wood-boring insects introduced to Europe. During field investigations conducted between 2019 and 2021 in different countries and regions of Europe, many exotic species have been recorded providing new and relevant data.
Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama, 1933) is recorded in Europe for the first time. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) is a species new to Italy, while Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894), Hypothenemus eruditus (Westwood, 1836) and Amasa sp. near A. truncata are new country records for Portugal. Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford, 1894), Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris, 1852) were collected in Italy and Amasa sp. near A. truncata was collected in France after the first discovery, confirming their establishment and their dispersal into new areas.
bark and ambrosia beetles, biological invasions, Coleoptera, exotic species
Invasive species are one of the major threats to biodiversity, determining substantial negative impacts on forest and agro-ecosystems (
During the years 2019–2021, constant monitoring activities, carried out by the authors as part of biodiversity and invasive species surveys and the monitoring of xylophagous beetles conducted by Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità Belluno in the forested nature reserves affected by the Vaia storm (
For the morphological identification of the material collected, we used the identification keys provided in
Maps were produced using QGIS 3.16. The basemap originates from the CartoDB Positron, combined with © MapTiler topo and OpenStreetMap data. The reference system of the data is WGA84 - EPSG:4326.
All specimens have been determined by the authors and deposited in the following collections: EDUP - Entomological Collection DAFNAE, Università degli Studi di Padova (Legnaro, Italy); CBPC - Cesare Bellò Private Collection (Castelfranco, Italy); ERPC - Enrico Ruzzier Private Collection (Mirano, Italy); RCBC: Raggruppamento Carabinieri Biodiversità, Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità (Belluno, Italy); ECIN - INRAE–Zoologie Forestiere Centre de recherche d'Orléans (Orléans, France).
We provide identification remarks only for those species that represent extremely relevant or new European records.
Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama, 1934) (Fig.
Dryoxylon onoharaense specimens were collected in the Padua Province (Veneto Region, Italy) by trapping performed in the Euganean hills area using homemade transparent panel traps baited with ethanol. Traps were hung approximately 1 m above the ground, a height where ambrosia beetles are generally abundant (
The species is polyphagous on broadleaves, recorded from Acer saccharum Marshall (Sapindaceae) (
The identification of the species was confirmed morphologically (using the keys provided in both
The DNA barcode traced back the possible origin of Amasa sp. to Australia. This yet unnamed taxon is now present in France, Portugal and possibly Spain (see
Portuguese Amasa specimens were collected in multi-funnel black traps set up at 5 m above the ground and baited with a multi-lure blend of longhorn beetle pheromones, ethanol and alpha-pinene. Traps were located on Eucalyptus trees or in their vicinity (Fig.
The COI sequences obtained from the specimens collected in Portugal (OP143861 and OP143862), and in France in 2020 and 2021, were identical (100% identity) to the Amasa sequence present in the BOLD System (SBGB053-03) (specimen from New South Wales (Australia) and deposited under Scolytus sp.) and to those from the specimens collected in 2018 and 2019 in France (
Cosmopolitan species of tropical and subtropical origin; in Europe, it has been introduced and established in Croatia, France, Italy, Malta, Portugal (Azores), Spain (including the Canary Islands), Russia and Ukraine (
All specimens were collected using black multi-funnel traps set up at 5 m above the ground and baited with a multi-lure blend of longhorn beetle pheromones (
An extremely polyphagous species with several hundred host plants, belonging to 81 different families. The most represented hosts are: Anacardiaceae (9 species), Cucurbitaceae (7 species), Euphorbiaceae (14 species), Fabaceae (72 species), Fagaceae (7 species), Juglandaceae (8 species), Malvaceae (24 species), Moraceae (25 species) and Sapindaceae (9 species) (
A species native of the Eastern Palearctic (China, Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East), Taiwan), introduced and established in most of Europe and North America (
This species was collected using flying intercept window traps baited with 75% ethanol in a mountain beech forest damaged by a wind storm in 2018.
Xyleborinus attenuatus is polyphagous on broadleaves and it was recorded on Betulaceae (10 species), Fagaceae (8 species), Rosaceae (5 species) and Salicaceae (4 species) (
Species native of the Oriental Region and Eastern Palearctic (
All specimens were collected using black multi-funnel traps set up at 5 m above the ground and baited with a multi-lure blend of longhorn beetle pheromones (
Extremely polyphagous species, with hundreds of host plants recorded. The most represented families are: Anacardiaceae (11 species), Betulaceae (17 species), Fabaceae (7 species), Fagaceae (26 species), Juglandaceae (9 species), Lauraceae (18 species), Rosaceae (20 species), Sapindaceae (15 species) and Ulmaceae (7 species) (
This species, native to the Oriental and Eastern Palearctic Regions, is now introduced and established in North America (
Cnestus mutilatus from Maser (“strada per forcella Moscaccin”, Treviso -Italy) was collected by sifting forest litter under Quercus sp. during wintertime (Fig.
For C. mutilatus, more than forty host plant species have been recorded, mostly belonging to Fabaceae (5 species), Fagaceae (4 species), Lauraceae (7 species) and Sapindaceae (5 species) (
The haplotype network indicates the Eastern Palaearctic origin of the C. mutilatus Italian population; in particular, the 100% identity between the Italian GBMNF53732-22, sequenced by
Species of Nearctic origin was recorded for the first time in Europe in Lombardy (North Italy) in 2003 (
Phloeotribus liminaris was captured using bottle traps baited with red wine and placed at about 2.5 m from the ground (see
Despite the species being considered of potential phytosanitary interest for Mediterranean Prunus spp. (Rosaceae) (
The records presented here show once again how Europe and especially circum-Mediterranean countries are extremely prone to biological invasions by exotic species of possible forest and phytosanitary interest. Despite the adoption of strict international regulations and newly-implemented detection strategies, the number of exotic Scolytine species continuously and quickly increases year by year. Italy is the country with the highest number of exotic coleopteran species in Europe, as already recorded in
The author thanks Cesare Bellò, Margherita Attorino and Pietro Berton (World Biodiversity Association) for sharing collecting data and photographs of C. mutilatus and Giacomo Cavaletto, Isabel Martinez-Sañudo and Davide Rassati (DAFNAE, Università degli Studi di Padova) for data sharing, support and constructive comments provided during the manuscript realisation. In addition, the authors thanks Rachele Amerini (World Biodiversity Association) for maps realisation. The research has been funded by DOR (DAFNAE University of Padova), HOMED project (funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 771271) and the "Entrusting support tasks in the area of Plant health – Commodity risk assessment for High Risk Plants" EFSA-DAFNAE University of Padova research agreement. The monitoring activity carried out by M. Dal Cortivo (Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità Belluno) was founded by Raggrappamento Carabinieri Biodiversità in Rome (Italy). M. Branco and A. Garcia also received funding by the Forest Research Centre, a research unit funded by Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), Portugal (UIDB/00239/2020).