Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Andriy Novikov (novikoffav@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Gianniantonio Domina
Received: 03 Oct 2022 | Accepted: 07 Dec 2022 | Published: 13 Dec 2022
© 2022 Andriy Novikov, Mariia Sup-Novikova
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Novikov A, Sup-Novikova M (2022) Endemic vascular plants in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e95910. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e95910
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This dynamic dataset aims to gather all available data, extracted mostly from the preserved material deposited at the leading Ukrainian herbaria on the distribution of the endemic vascular plants in the Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories. This dataset is created in the framework of mapping the distribution of the endemic plants and is aimed to unveil the patterns of their spatial distribution, ecological preferences and temporal trends in the flora of the Ukrainian Carpathians. A total of 76 species and subspecies of vascular plants belonging to 49 genera and 27 families are reported herein to occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians and close regions. Amongst the total number of reported 6,427 occurrence records, 1,961 records are georeferenced and supported with a translation of Cyrillic information into English. The remaining occurrence records will be georeferenced and translated into English in the near future, as well as the dataset being completed with new records obtained from the new sources.
In total, 6,427 occurrence records of the endemic vascular plants distributed in the Ukrainian Carpathians were published.
occurrence, herbarium material, chorology, mountain flora
For years, the data about plant diversity in Ukraine were mostly published in Cyrillic languages (mostly Ukrainian and Russian) in local journals that are hard to find and read for foreign researchers. Simultaneously, most of the collected plant materials are deposited in the local Ukrainian herbaria that are complicated to access for different reasons (
The Ukrainian Carpathians Mts. represent one of the leading centres of biodiversity in Ukraine, with numerous endemic, rare and relict plant species. In particular, there occur 2532 species of vascular plants, which comprise near 49% of the entire flora of Ukraine (
The compilation of this dataset began in 2015. Since then, it has been continuously updated, based on the elaboration of new collections and publications, providing georeferenced and translated data from the verbatim herbarium labels and occurrences' reports.
The purpose of creating an online publication of this dataset is to secure the future of the Ukrainian collections and related data on endemic vascular plants distributed in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Making this dataset freely accessible and digitally available through GBIF ensures its virtual preservation and survival in case of the involved collections' loss or damage. Moreover, this also pursues wider application of biodiversity data from Ukraine in international research projects, allowing the white spots on the world map to be covered.
The dataset contains information on 6,427 occurrences of endemic vascular plants from the Ukrainian Carpathians and some adjacent Ukrainian territories (
Initially, 70 endemic and subendemic (i.e. mainly distributed in the Carpathian Mts., although with few occurrences outside their limits –
The gathered data were double-checked for the correctness of identification and indicated distribution area. In case of doubt or misidentification, specimens were re-identified or omitted from the analysis. In case of unusual reports from the new areas, such occurrences were additionally critically revised. In the case of identification of problematic taxa, special attention was paid to those specimens identified by narrow specialists only. Most of microtaxa (e.g. Hieracium, Alchemilla and Pilosella) and some stenoendemics were excluded from the work due to a high risk of their misidentification, unclear chorology and controversial taxonomical interpretation by different authors. The taxonomy, with minor exceptions, was verified and follows the POWO checklist (
The following steps were taken during the work with herbarium materials:
The following steps were taken during the work with literature reports:
The occurrences from the Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent Ukrainian territories were considered (Fig.
47.8 and 51.5 Latitude; 22.7 and 25.9 Longitude.
All processed occurrences were identified to the level of the species or subspecies. As a result, the dataset contains 66 species and subspecies of endemic and subendemic vascular plants belonging to 49 genera and 27 families. Amongst them, only 17 species from 10 genera (i.e. 967 occurrences or 15% from the total number of databased occurrences) represent the class Liliopsida, while the rest of the taxa belongs to the class Magnoliopsida (Fig.
Rank | Scientific Name |
---|---|
kingdom | Plantae |
phylum | Tracheophyta |
class | Magnoliopsida |
class | Liliopsida |
order | Gentianales |
order | Asparagales |
order | Saxifragales |
order | Poales |
order | Asterales |
order | Fabales |
order | Lamiales |
order | Brassicales |
order | Caryophyllales |
order | Apiales |
order | Gentianales |
order | Dipsacales |
order | Ericales |
order | Ranunculales |
order | Boraginales |
order | Malpighiales |
family | Rubiaceae |
family | Orchidaceae |
family | Saxifragaceae |
family | Poaceae |
family | Asteraceae |
family | Fabaceae |
family | Iridaceae |
family | Campanulaceae |
family | Plantaginaceae |
family | Brassicaceae |
family | Caryophyllaceae |
family | Asparagaceae |
family | Lamiaceae |
family | Apiaceae |
family | Gentianaceae |
family | Crassulaceae |
family | Caprifoliaceae |
family | Oleaceae |
family | Juncaceae |
family | Rubiaceae |
family | Primulaceae |
family | Orobanchaceae |
family | Ranunculaceae |
family | Boraginaceae |
family | Violaceae |
family | Salicaceae |
family | Linaceae |
genus | Galium |
genus | Gymnadenia |
genus | Chrysosplenium |
genus | Sesleria |
genus | Saussurea |
genus | Lathyrus |
genus | Crocus |
genus | Phyteuma |
genus | Plantago |
genus | Campanula |
genus | Noccaea |
genus | Antennaria |
genus | Koeleria |
genus | Silene |
genus | Doronicum |
genus | Scilla |
genus | Thymus |
genus | Achillea |
genus | Poa |
genus | Festuca |
genus | Heracleum |
genus | Gentiana |
genus | Cardamine |
genus | Leucanthemum |
genus | Trifolium |
genus | Sempervivum |
genus | Scabiosa |
genus | Minuartia |
genus | Syringa |
genus | Luzula |
genus | Sabulina |
genus | Galium |
genus | Genista |
genus | Erysimum |
genus | Soldanella |
genus | Melampyrum |
genus | Arabidopsis |
genus | Alopecurus |
genus | Ranunculus |
genus | Pulmonaria |
genus | Viola |
genus | Scorzoneroides |
genus | Centaurea |
genus | Swertia |
genus | Trisetum |
genus | Euphrasia |
genus | Salix |
genus | Linum |
genus | Symphytum |
species | Galium album |
species | Gymnadenia carpatica |
species | Chrysosplenium alpinum |
species | Sesleria bielzii |
species | Saussurea porcii |
species | Lathyrus transsylvanicus |
species | Crocus banaticus |
species | Phyteuma vagneri |
subspecies | Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica |
species | Campanula serrata |
species | Sesleria heufleriana |
species | Noccaea dacica |
species | Antennaria carpatica |
subspecies | Koeleria macrantha subsp. transsilvanica |
species | Silene zawadskii |
species | Doronicum carpaticum |
species | Scilla kladnii |
species | Thymus pulcherrimus |
subspecies | Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii |
species | Poa rehmannii |
species | Festuca porcii |
species | Heracleum carpaticum |
species | Gentiana laciniata |
species | Cardamine glanduligera |
species | Leucanthemum rotundifolium |
species | Thymus alternans |
species | Trifolium sarosiense |
subspecies | Sempervivum carpathicum subsp. carpathicum |
subspecies | Poa pannonica subsp. scabra |
species | Scabiosa lucida |
subspecies | Sempervivum globiferum subsp. preissianum |
species | Minuartia pauciflora |
species | Syringa josikaea |
species | Festuca versicolor |
subspecies | Luzula alpinopilosa subsp. obscura |
species | Campanula carpatica |
species | Sabulina oxypetala |
species | Festuca carpatica |
species | Galium transcarpaticum |
subspecies | Genista tinctoria subsp. oligosperma |
species | Erysimum witmannii |
species | Campanula tatrae |
species | Soldanella hungarica |
species | Melampyrum saxosum |
subspecies | Festuca amethystina subsp. orientalis |
species | Poa carpatica |
species | Arabidopsis neglecta |
subspecies | Alopecurus pratensis subsp. laguriformis |
species | Ranunculus carpaticus |
subspecies | Heracleum sphondylium subsp. carpaticum |
species | Phyteuma tetramerum |
species | Pulmonaria filarszkyana |
species | Viola declinata |
species | Scorzoneroides pseudotaraxaci |
species | Centaurea maramarosiensis |
subspecies | Poa granitica subsp. disparilis |
species | Silene dubia |
species | Swertia perennis |
subspecies | Centaurea phrygia subsp. carpatica |
species | Trisetum fuscum |
species | Erysimum witmannii |
species | Euphrasia tatrae |
subspecies | Salix retusa subsp. kitaibeliana |
species | Linum extraaxillare |
species | Ranunculus malinovskii |
species | Symphytum cordatum |
The dataset covers material collected and reported from 1852 till 2020. However, the most intensive records were made in the period between 1945 and 1975. During these thirty years, 3,013 or ca. 47% from the total number of observations were made (Fig.
The tab-delimited CSV formated dataset (
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
occurrenceID | An unique identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the occurrence). |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record, for example, preserved specimen or field observation. |
collectionCode | Unique code of collection (e.g. herbarium) for depositing the identified specimen. |
catalogNumber | An identifier for the record within the collection. |
scientificName | The full scientific name of the taxon including at least the genus and species epithets and, in some cases, including the subspecies epithet. |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName. |
recordedBy | A person, group or organisation responsible for recording the original Occurrence. |
verbatimEventDate | The date of record as it appears in the original publication or specimen's label. |
EventDate | The date during which an event (e.g. collection of the specimen, photographing of the plant or its registering in the field in any other way), occurred. |
day | The day when occurrence was recorded. |
month | The month when occurrence was recorded. |
year | The year when occurrence was recorded. |
fieldNumber | An identifier given to the specimen in the field by the collector. |
identifiedBy | A list of names of people, who assigned the Taxon to the subject. |
dateIdentified | The date on which the subject was determined as representing the Taxon. |
identificationRemarks | Comments or notes about the Identification. |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a Location. |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. |
geodeticDatum | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. In our case, it is always WGS84. |
verbatimElevation | The original description of the elevation (altitude, usually above sea level) of the Location. |
countryCode | The standard code (ISO 3166-1-alpha-2) for the country in which the Location occurs. |
country | The name of the country in which the Location occurs. |
locality | The specific description of the place where the specimen was registered or collected. |
verbatimLocality | The original textual description of the place where the specimen was registered or collected. |
fieldNotes | The original text of notes taken in the field about the specimen by the collector. |
associatedReferences | A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the Occurrence. |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. In our case, it is always Plantae. |
language | The language of the resource. In our case, herbarium labels contained information in different languages and sometimes different languages were even combined on a single label. To simplify the work with data, we indicated the languages applied for the data. |
minimumElevationInMetres | The lower limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in metres. |
maximumElevationInMetres | The upper limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in metres. |
institutionCode | The acronym in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record. We followed the GBIF register of institutions and collections for acronyms. |
This dataset does not include the data on distribution of the genus Aconitum representatives because such data were published before, in 2021 and available as a separate dataset (
We cordially thank Lev Tsarin for his contribution to the filling of this dataset in its initial stages. We also thank Dr. Bogdan Hurdu, who inspired the creation of this dataset long ago. Finally, we thank Dr. Robert Mesibov, who helped to significantly improve our dataset.
Andriy Novikov initiated the dataset creation, filled it with new records and maintained, parsed information from the herbarium labels, verified data, identified taxa, worked on georeferencing and wrote the paper. Mariia Sup-Novikova parsed information from the herbarium labels, resolved georeferencing issues, maintained the dataset and worked on the paper.