Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Sónia Ferreira (hiporame@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Henrique Paprocki
Received: 12 Nov 2022 | Accepted: 28 Dec 2022 | Published: 19 Jan 2023
© 2023 Joana Pauperio, Luis Martin Gonzalez, Jesus Martinez, Marcos González, Filipa MS Martins, Joana Veríssimo, Pamela Puppo, Joana Pinto, Cátia Chaves, Catarina J. Pinho, José Manuel Grosso-Silva, Lorenzo Quaglietta, Teresa Luísa Silva, Pedro Sousa, Paulo Alves, Nuno Fonseca, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Pauperio J, Gonzalez LM, Martinez J, González MA, Martins FM, Veríssimo J, Puppo P, Pinto J, Chaves C, Pinho CJ, Grosso-Silva JM, Quaglietta L, Silva TLL, Sousa P, Alves PC, Fonseca N, Beja P, Ferreira S (2023) The InBIO barcoding initiative database: DNA barcodes of Iberian Trichoptera, documenting biodiversity for freshwater biomonitoring in a Mediterranean hotspot. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e97484. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e97484
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The Trichoptera are an important component of freshwater ecosystems. In the Iberian Peninsula, 380 taxa of caddisflies are known, with nearly 1/3 of the total species being endemic in the region. A reference collection of morphologically identified Trichoptera specimens, representing 142 Iberian taxa, was constructed. The InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) Trichoptera 01 dataset contains records of 438 sequenced specimens. The species of this dataset correspond to about 37% of Iberian Trichoptera species diversity. Specimens were collected between 1975 and 2018 and are deposited in the IBI collection at the CIBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Portugal) or in the collection Marcos A. González at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain).
Twenty-nine species, from nine different families, were new additions to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). A success identification rate of over 80% was achieved when comparing morphological identifications and DNA barcodes for the species analysed. This encouraging step advances incorporation of informed Environmental DNA tools in biomonitoring schemes, given the shortcomings of morphological identifications of larvae and adult Caddisflies in such studies. DNA barcoding was not successful in identifying species in six Trichoptera genera: Hydropsyche (Hydropsychidae), Athripsodes (Leptoceridae), Wormaldia (Philopotamidae), Polycentropus (Polycentropodidae) Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) and Sericostoma (Sericostomatidae). The high levels of intraspecific genetic variability found, combined with a lack of a barcode gap and a challenging morphological identification, rendered these species as needing additional studies to resolve their taxonomy.
Trichoptera, occurrence records, species distributions, continental Portugal, continental Spain, DNA barcode, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)
DNA barcoding is a molecular biology method for species identification that was proposed almost twenty years ago (
Development of DNA metabarcoding (
Aquatic ecosystems are suffering high losses in biodiversity due to degradation and habitat destruction (
The Trichoptera, or caddisflies, is an order of holometabolous insects that rank seventh overall amongst insect orders regarding species number, with 16,267 described species (
Environmental DNA has the potential to be used as a complement or as an alternative to the hurdles of current morphology-based identification in the scope of freshwater monitoring schemes (
In the Iberian Peninsula, approximately 380 Trichoptera taxa, from 23 families are known (
In this work, we present a contribution to the DNA barcode library of the Iberian Peninsula species of Trichoptera representing 37% (n = 142) of the Caddisflies known in the region and 38% (n = 57) of the known endemic Iberian taxa. This work was conducted within the framework of the InBIO Barcoding Initiative.
This dataset aims to provide a first contribution to an authoritative DNA barcode sequences library for Iberian Trichoptera, documenting biodiversity for freshwater biomonitoring in a Mediterranean hotspot. Such a library aims to enable DNA-based identification of species for both traditional molecular studies and DNA-metabarcoding studies. Furthermore, it constitutes a relevant resource for taxonomic research on Iberian Trichoptera and its distribution.
A total of 438 Trichoptera specimens were sequenced (Suppl. material
List of species that were collected and DNA barcoded within this project.
Family | Taxa | IBI code | BOLD code | BOLD BIN |
Apataniidae | Apatania theischingerorum Malicky, 1981 | INV05962 | IBITR421-20 | BOLD:ADL7734 |
Beraeidae | Beraea alva Malicky, 1975 | INV05488 | IBITR348-20 | BOLD:AAJ8091 |
Beraea malatebrera Schmid, 1952 | INV04753 | IBITR267-20 | BOLD:AAO2491 | |
INV04267 | IBITR173-20 | |||
Brachycentridae | Micrasema cenerentola Schmid, 1952 | INV05952 | IBITR414-20 | BOLD:AAO3157 |
Micrasema longulum McLachlan, 1876 | INV06484 | IBITR435-20 | BOLD:AAK7456 | |
Micrasema minimum McLachlan, 1876 | INV05973 | IBITR430-20 | BOLD:AAH6898 | |
INV05974 | IBITR431-20 | |||
Micrasema moestum (Hagen, 1868) | INV00475 | IBITR054-20 | BOLD:AAO1660 | |
INV00476 | IBITR055-20 | |||
INV00477 | IBITR056-20 | |||
Micrasema servatum (Navás, 1918) | INV04731 | IBITR252-20 | BOLD:AAH3018 | |
INV04732 | IBITR253-20 | |||
Calamoceratidae | Calamoceras marsupus Brauer, 1865 | INV02470 | IBITR101-20 | BOLD:AAO2482 |
INV05476 | IBITR336-20 | |||
Ecnomidae | Ecnomus deceptor McLachlan, 1884 | INV03539 | IBITR140-20 | BOLD:ABU6618 |
INV03546 | IBITR141-20 | |||
INV03605 | IBITR146-20 | |||
INV05502 | IBITR360-20 | |||
Glossosomatidae | Agapetus delicatulus McLachlan, 1884 | INV05812 | IBITR388-20 | BOLD:AAE6313 |
INV05813 | IBITR389-20 | |||
INV05814 | IBITR390-20 | BOLD:AAE6313 | ||
Agapetus fuscipes Curtis, 1834 | INV05815 | IBITR391-20 | BOLD:AAJ7120 | |
INV05816 | IBITR392-20 | |||
INV02468 | IBITR099-20 | BOLD:AEC9758 | ||
INV05817 | IBITR393-20 | BOLD:AAJ7120 | ||
Agapetus incertulus McLachlan, 1884 | INV04759 | IBITR273-20 | BOLD:AEC9946 | |
Agapetus nimbulus McLachlan, 1879 | INV04762 | IBITR274-20 | BOLD:AEM2297 | |
Agapetus ochripes Curtis, 1834 | INV04763 | IBITR275-20 | BOLD:AAB3823 | |
Agapetus segovicus Schmid, 1952 | INV05818 | IBITR394-20 | BOLD:AEC7102 | |
INV05819 | IBITR395-20 | |||
INV01163 | IBITR075-20 | BOLD:AEC7102 | ||
INV04819 | IBITR317-20 | |||
Agapetus theischingeri Malicky, 1980 | INV05823 | IBITR396-20 | BOLD:AEL9298 | |
Catagapetus maclachlani Malicky, 1975 | INV05826 | IBITR399-20 | BOLD:ABA7173 | |
INV02477 | IBITR108-20 | |||
INV02929 | IBITR127-20 | |||
INV03936 | IBITR169-20 | |||
INV05824 | IBITR397-20 | |||
INV05825 | IBITR398-20 | |||
Glossosoma privatum McLachlan, 1884 | INV05831 | IBITR401-20 | BOLD:AAM0930 | |
INV00461 | IBITR050-20 | |||
INV00468 | IBITR052-20 | |||
INV04688 | IBITR219-20 | |||
INV04689 | IBITR220-20 | |||
INV05830 | IBITR400-20 | |||
Synagapetus diversus (McLachlan, 1884) | INV05491 | IBITR351-20 | BOLD:ABX9025 | |
Synagapetus lusitanicus Malicky, 1980 | INV05833 | IBITR402-20 | BOLD:AAO4326 | |
Goeridae | Larcasia partita Navás, 1917 | INV00320 | IBITR027-20 | BOLD:AEC6981 |
INV00327 | IBITR029-20 | |||
INV00329 | IBITR030-20 | |||
INV00341 | IBITR034-20 | |||
INV00451 | IBITR047-20 | |||
INV02473 | IBITR104-20 | |||
INV02474 | IBITR105-20 | |||
INV04733 | IBITR254-20 | |||
Silo graellsii Pictet, 1865 | INV05951 | IBITR413-20 | BOLD:AEC7954 | |
Helicopsychidae | Helicopsyche lusitanica McLachlan, 1884 | INV00005 | IBITR012-20 | BOLD:AEC8414 |
INV04823 | IBITR321-20 | BOLD:AED0915 | ||
Helicopsyche sp. | INV04824 | IBITR322-20 | BOLD:AEC8747 | |
INV04825 | IBITR323-20 | |||
Hydropsychidae | Cheumatopsyche lepida (Pictet, 1834) | INV04778 | IBITR283-20 | BOLD:AAD1893 |
INV04779 | IBITR284-20 | |||
INV06149 | IBITR432-20 | |||
INV06590 | IBITR436-20 | |||
Diplectrona felix McLachlan, 1878 | INV04718 | IBITR243-20 | BOLD:AAO2443 | |
INV04719 | IBITR244-20 | |||
INV05479 | IBITR339-20 | |||
INV05957 | IBITR418-20 | |||
Hydropsyche ambigua Schmid, 1973 | INV03635 | IBITR151-20 | BOLD:AAB5092 | |
INV05480 | IBITR340-20 | BOLD:AAB9587 | ||
INV05960 | IBITR420-20 | |||
INV04720 | IBITR245-20 | |||
INV04721 | IBITR246-20 | |||
INV05493 | IBITR353-20 | |||
Hydropsyche brevis Mosely, 1930 | INV04780 | IBITR285-20 | BOLD:AEC9027 | |
INV04781 | IBITR286-20 | |||
Hydropsyche bulbifera McLachlan, 1878 | INV04783 | IBITR288-20 | BOLD:AAO1831 | |
INV00809 | IBITR071-20 | |||
INV04503 | IBITR190-20 | |||
INV04782 | IBITR287-20 | |||
Hydropsyche dinarica Marinkovic-Gospodnetic, 1979 | INV05956 | IBITR417-20 | BOLD:AAE5138 | |
Hydropsyche exocellata Dufour, 1841 | INV02678 | IBITR111-20 | BOLD:AAF0933 | |
INV04785 | IBITR289-20 | |||
INV00433 | IBITR045-20 | |||
INV00434 | IBITR046-20 | |||
INV02920 | IBITR121-20 | |||
INV02922 | IBITR123-20 | |||
INV02979 | IBITR135-20 | |||
Hydropsyche iberomaroccana González & Malicky, 1999 | INV04788 | IBITR292-20 | BOLD:AED0538 | |
Hydropsyche infernalis Schmid, 1952 | INV04789 | IBITR293-20 | BOLD:AAB5092 | |
Hydropsyche instabilis (Curtis, 1834) | INV04722 | IBITR247-20 | BOLD:AAB1966 | |
INV04723 | IBITR248-20 | BOLD:ABZ1867 | ||
INV05959 | IBITR419-20 | BOLD:AAB1966 | ||
Hydropsyche lobata McLachlan, 1884 | INV04501 | IBITR189-20 | BOLD:AEC7586 | |
INV04787 | IBITR291-20 | |||
INV00561 | IBITR069-20 | |||
INV02669 | IBITR110-20 | |||
INV03591 | IBITR144-20 | |||
INV03592 | IBITR145-20 | |||
INV04786 | IBITR290-20 | |||
Hydropsyche pictetorum Botosaneanu & Schmid, 1973 | INV00421 | IBITR037-20 | BOLD:AAO2260 | |
INV02962 | IBITR132-20 | BOLD:AAB5092 | ||
INV04790 | IBITR294-20 | BOLD:AAO2260 | ||
INV05505 | IBITR363-20 | |||
Hydropsyche siltalai Doehler, 1963 | INV04269 | IBITR175-20 | BOLD:AAB5092 | |
INV00186 | IBITR025-20 | |||
INV00460 | IBITR049-20 | |||
INV04724 | IBITR249-20 | BOLD:AAB9587 | ||
INV03680 | IBITR160-20 | BOLD:AAB5092 | ||
INV05481 | IBITR341-20 | |||
INV05482 | IBITR342-20 | |||
INV05494 | IBITR354-20 | |||
Hydropsyche tenuis Navás, 1932 | INV00318 | IBITR026-20 | BOLD:AAB9587 | |
Hydropsyche tibialis McLachlan, 1884 | INV04725 | IBITR250-20 | BOLD:AED0962 | |
INV04726 | IBITR251-20 | |||
INV06211 | IBITR433-20 | |||
Hydroptilidae | Agraylea sexmaculata Curtis, 1834 | INV04524 | IBITR192-20 | BOLD:AAE7232 |
INV02924 | IBITR124-20 | |||
INV02927 | IBITR125-20 | |||
INV02928 | IBITR126-20 | |||
INV03549 | IBITR142-20 | |||
Hydroptila fuentaldeala Schmid, 1952 | INV05477 | IBITR337-20 | BOLD:AEC8395 | |
Ithytrichia clavata Morton, 1905 | INV00520 | IBITR066-20 | BOLD:AEC8346 | |
INV00839 | IBITR073-20 | |||
Oxyethira frici Klapalek, 1891 | INV05503 | IBITR361-20 | BOLD:ABY2898 | |
Lepidostomatidae | Lepidostoma hirtum (Fabricius, 1775) | INV00009 | IBITR002-16 | BOLD:AAB4052 |
INV00010 | IBITR003-16 | |||
INV00011 | IBITR004-16 | |||
INV04579 | IBITR202-20 | |||
INV04584 | IBITR204-20 | |||
Leptoceridae | Adicella meridionalis Morton, 1906 | INV05510 | IBITR367-20 | BOLD:AEM0162 |
Adicella reducta (McLachlan, 1865) | INV00422 | IBITR038-20 | BOLD:AAJ1835 | |
INV00426 | IBITR041-20 | |||
INV00012 | IBITR005-16 | |||
INV00013 | IBITR006-16 | |||
INV00014 | IBITR007-16 | |||
INV00470 | IBITR053-20 | |||
INV00482 | IBITR058-20 | |||
INV02475 | IBITR106-20 | |||
INV04856 | IBITR325-20 | |||
Athripsodes alentexanus Martín, González & Martínez, 2016 | INV06592 | IBITR437-20 | BOLD:AAI7978 | |
INV06593 | IBITR438-20 | |||
Athripsodes braueri (Pictet, 1865) | INV04268 | IBITR174-20 | ||
INV05485 | IBITR345-20 | |||
Athripsodes inaequalis (McLachlan, 1884) | INV02463 | IBITR094-20 | BOLD:AED0841 | |
INV02919 | IBITR120-20 | |||
INV03273 | IBITR137-20 | |||
Athripsodes tavaresi (Navás, 1916) | INV02764 | IBITR116-20 | BOLD:AEC8026 | |
INV03612 | IBITR147-20 | |||
INV04754 | IBITR268-20 | |||
Ceraclea albimacula (Rambur, 1842) | INV00184 | IBITR024-20 | BOLD:AAN2950 | |
INV02233 | IBITR084-20 | |||
INV04556 | IBITR197-20 | BOLD:AAD8966 | ||
Ceraclea sobradieli (Navás, 1917) | INV02950 | IBITR001-16 | BOLD:AAD8965 | |
INV02948 | IBITR128-20 | |||
INV04554 | IBITR196-20 | |||
INV04510 | IBITR191-20 | |||
INV05474 | IBITR334-20 | |||
INV05484 | IBITR344-20 | |||
Leptocerus tineiformis Curtis, 1834 | INV00812 | IBITR072-20 | BOLD:AAJ1160 | |
INV00846 | IBITR074-20 | |||
INV04287 | IBITR177-20 | |||
Mystacides azureus (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV02239 | IBITR085-20 | BOLD:AAB1494 | |
INV03563 | IBITR143-20 | |||
INV04818 | IBITR316-20 | |||
Oecetis testacea (Curtis, 1834) | INV05473 | IBITR333-20 | BOLD:AAD7208 | |
Setodes argentipunctellus McLachlan, 1877 | INV05352 | IBITR327-20 | BOLD:ACB2223 | |
INV05353 | IBITR328-20 | |||
INV00549 | IBITR068-20 | |||
INV04817 | IBITR315-20 | |||
Triaenodes ochreellus McLachlan, 1877 | INV02467 | IBITR098-20 | BOLD:AAJ8708 | |
Limnephilidae | Allogamus laureatus (Navás, 1918) | INV02246 | IBITR086-20 | BOLD:AEC7060 |
Allogamus ligonifer (McLachlan, 1876) | INV00321 | IBITR028-20 | BOLD:AAO2353 | |
INV02462 | IBITR093-20 | |||
INV02466 | IBITR097-20 | |||
INV04748 | IBITR264-20 | |||
INV03724 | IBITR164-20 | |||
INV03727 | IBITR167-20 | |||
Allogamus mortoni (Navás, 1907) | INV04793 | IBITR297-20 | BOLD:AAM3837 | |
INV04794 | IBITR298-20 | |||
INV04795 | IBITR299-20 | |||
Annitella esparraguera (Schmid, 1952) | INV05963 | IBITR422-20 | BOLD:AAM4103 | |
Chaetopteryx atlantica Malicky, 1975 | INV05965 | IBITR424-20 | BOLD:AEC7901 | |
Drusus berthelemyi Sipahiler, 1992 | INV05964 | IBITR423-20 | BOLD:ACO5446 | |
Drusus bolivari (McLachlan, 1880) | INV04791 | IBITR295-20 | BOLD:ACO5618 | |
INV04792 | IBITR296-20 | |||
Enoicyla pusilla (Burmeister, 1839) | INV04796 | IBITR300-20 | BOLD:AAO2902 | |
Grammotaulius submaculatus (Rambur, 1842) | INV02799 | IBITR117-20 | BOLD:AEC8384 | |
INV04740 | IBITR257-20 | |||
Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834) | INV01836 | IBITR083-20 | BOLD:AAF7718 | |
INV02469 | IBITR100-20 | |||
INV04743 | IBITR260-20 | |||
INV03722 | IBITR162-20 | |||
Limnephilus bipunctatus Curtis, 1834 | INV02609 | IBITR109-20 | BOLD:AAA4844 | |
Limnephilus guadarramicus Schmid, 1955 | INV03661 | IBITR156-20 | BOLD:AEC8200 | |
INV03664 | IBITR159-20 | |||
INV03946 | IBITR170-20 | |||
Limnephilus hirsutus (Pictet, 1834) | INV03655 | IBITR155-20 | BOLD:AAE6322 | |
INV03685 | IBITR161-20 | |||
INV01281 | IBITR078-20 | |||
Limnephilus sparsus Curtis, 1834 | INV04258 | IBITR171-20 | BOLD:AAB6375 | |
INV01284 | IBITR079-20 | |||
INV03651 | IBITR153-20 | |||
INV03653 | IBITR154-20 | |||
INV04738 | IBITR255-20 | |||
Limnephilus vittatus (Fabricius, 1798) | INV02256 | IBITR089-20 | BOLD:AAK8602 | |
INV04739 | IBITR256-20 | |||
INV05478 | IBITR338-20 | |||
Mesophylax aspersus (Rambur, 1842) | INV04573 | IBITR199-20 | BOLD:AAG5761 | |
INV04662 | IBITR207-20 | |||
INV04672 | IBITR208-20 | |||
INV04530 | IBITR193-20 | |||
Potamophylax cingulatus (Stephens, 1837) | INV01300 | IBITR081-20 | BOLD:AAC4985 | |
INV04746 | IBITR263-20 | |||
INV03662 | IBITR157-20 | |||
INV05388 | IBITR329-20 | |||
INV01299 | IBITR080-20 | BOLD:ABU7930 | ||
INV02247 | IBITR087-20 | |||
INV02253 | IBITR088-20 | |||
Potamophylax latipennis (Curtis, 1834) | INV02257 | IBITR090-20 | ||
INV02472 | IBITR103-20 | |||
INV02800 | IBITR118-20 | |||
INV04741 | IBITR258-20 | |||
Stenophylax fissus (McLachlan, 1875) | INV03616 | IBITR148-20 | BOLD:AEC6836 | |
Stenophylax mucronatus McLachlan, 1880 | INV03624 | IBITR149-20 | ||
INV03642 | IBITR152-20 | |||
INV04742 | IBITR259-20 | |||
INV04744 | IBITR261-20 | BOLD:ABY2452 | ||
INV02900 | IBITR119-20 | BOLD:AED0879 | ||
Stenophylax permistus McLachlan, 1895 | INV02951 | IBITR130-20 | ||
Stenophylax sequax (McLachlan, 1875) | INV02964 | IBITR133-20 | ||
INV04655 | IBITR205-20 | |||
INV04656 | IBITR206-20 | |||
INV04745 | IBITR262-20 | BOLD:AAI0072 | ||
Stenophylax vibex (Curtis, 1834) | INV02957 | IBITR131-20 | BOLD:AAE8973 | |
Odontoceridae | Odontocerum albicorne (Scopoli, 1763) | INV00020 | IBITR013-20 | BOLD:AAB5626 |
INV00021 | IBITR008-16 | |||
INV05968 | IBITR426-20 | |||
INV05970 | IBITR427-20 | |||
INV05971 | IBITR428-20 | |||
INV05972 | IBITR429-20 | |||
Odontocerum lusitanicum Malicky, 1975 | INV05508 | IBITR365-20 | BOLD:AEC9755 | |
INV05501 | IBITR359-20 | |||
Philopotamidae | Chimarra marginata (Linnaeus, 1767) | INV02459 | IBITR091-20 | BOLD:AAO1593 |
INV00417 | IBITR035-20 | |||
INV00419 | IBITR036-20 | |||
INV00424 | IBITR039-20 | |||
INV00425 | IBITR040-20 | |||
INV00431 | IBITR043-20 | |||
INV00432 | IBITR044-20 | |||
INV00486 | IBITR060-20 | |||
INV00506 | IBITR064-20 | |||
INV02461 | IBITR092-20 | |||
INV03259 | IBITR136-20 | |||
INV05457 | IBITR331-20 | |||
Philopotamus amphilectus McLachlan, 1884 | INV04696 | IBITR225-20 | BOLD:AED0394 | |
Philopotamus montanus caurelensis González & Terra, 1979 | INV02471 | IBITR102-20 | BOLD:AAO1570 | |
INV00334 | IBITR032-20 | |||
INV00336 | IBITR033-20 | |||
INV02465 | IBITR096-20 | |||
INV02476 | IBITR107-20 | |||
INV04694 | IBITR223-20 | BOLD:AEC7824 | ||
INV04695 | IBITR224-20 | |||
Philopotamus perversus McLachlan, 1884 | INV00022 | IBITR014-20 | BOLD:AAO1569 | |
INV00023 | IBITR015-20 | |||
INV00024 | IBITR016-20 | |||
INV00025 | IBITR017-20 | |||
INV05487 | IBITR347-20 | |||
INV05835 | IBITR403-20 | |||
Philopotamus variegatus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV00458 | IBITR048-20 | BOLD:AEC7364 | |
INV00465 | IBITR051-20 | |||
Wormaldia beaumonti Schmid, 1952 | INV01598 | IBITR082-20 | BOLD:AAO2217 | |
INV03725 | IBITR165-20 | BOLD:AAO2216 | ||
Wormaldia corvina (McLachlan, 1884) | INV04698 | IBITR226-20 | BOLD:ABU5927 | |
INV04699 | IBITR227-20 | |||
INV05840 | IBITR408-20 | |||
INV05841 | IBITR409-20 | |||
Wormaldia lusitanica González & Botosaneanu, 1983 | INV05836 | IBITR404-20 | BOLD:AAO2217 | |
Wormaldia occipitalis (Pictet, 1834) | INV05838 | IBITR406-20 | BOLD:AED0699 | |
INV05837 | IBITR405-20 | |||
INV05839 | IBITR407-20 | |||
Wormaldia triangulifera McLachlan, 1878 | INV04765 | IBITR276-20 | BOLD:AAH9306 | |
Wormaldia variegata mattheyi Schmid, 1952 | INV04703 | IBITR229-20 | BOLD:AED0151 | |
INV04702 | IBITR228-20 | |||
INV03723 | IBITR163-20 | |||
INV03726 | IBITR166-20 | |||
Phryganeidae | Agrypnia varia (Fabricius, 1793) | INV03663 | IBITR158-20 | BOLD:AAE4334 |
INV05340 | IBITR326-20 | |||
Polycentropodidae | Cyrnus cintranus McLachlan, 1884 | INV05500 | IBITR358-20 | |
Plectrocnemia geniculata McLachlan, 1871 | INV05953 | IBITR415-20 | ||
Plectrocnemia laetabilis McLachlan, 1880 | INV04295 | IBITR184-20 | BOLD:AAL4393 | |
INV02464 | IBITR095-20 | |||
INV04704 | IBITR230-20 | |||
INV04705 | IBITR231-20 | |||
INV05389 | IBITR330-20 | |||
Polycentropus corniger McLachlan, 1884 | INV04773 | IBITR278-20 | BOLD:AAL0051 | |
INV04772 | IBITR277-20 | |||
INV05475 | IBITR335-20 | |||
INV05483 | IBITR343-20 | |||
Polycentropus flavomaculatus (Pictet, 1834) | INV00503 | IBITR062-20 | BOLD:AAC0971 | |
INV00504 | IBITR063-20 | BOLD:ACR2507 | ||
Polycentropus intricatus Morton, 1910 | INV04706 | IBITR232-20 | BOLD:AAL0054 | |
INV04707 | IBITR233-20 | |||
INV05489 | IBITR349-20 | |||
Polycentropus kingi McLachlan, 1881 | INV04709 | IBITR235-20 | BOLD:AAL0060 | |
INV05498 | IBITR357-20 | |||
INV00478 | IBITR057-20 | |||
INV04708 | IBITR234-20 | |||
Polycentropus telifer McLachlan, 1884 | INV04417 | IBITR185-20 | BOLD:AAM0001 | |
Psychomyiidae | Lype auripilis McLachlan, 1884 | INV04713 | IBITR238-20 | BOLD:AAO2229 |
Lype phaeopa (Stephens, 1836) | INV00485 | IBITR059-20 | BOLD:AAC4581 | |
Paduniella vandeli Decamps, 1965 | INV04774 | IBITR279-20 | BOLD:AAK7667 | |
Psychomyia fragilis (Pictet, 1834) | INV04775 | IBITR280-20 | ||
INV02695 | IBITR112-20 | BOLD:AEC7914 | ||
Psychomyia pusilla (Fabricius, 1781) | INV04710 | IBITR236-20 | BOLD:AAO1607 | |
INV00427 | IBITR042-20 | BOLD:AEC8086 | ||
INV00806 | IBITR070-20 | |||
INV02749 | IBITR115-20 | BOLD:AAO1607 | ||
INV04711 | IBITR237-20 | |||
INV05490 | IBITR350-20 | |||
INV05495 | IBITR355-20 | BOLD:AEC8086 | ||
Tinodes assimilis McLachlan, 1865 | INV00521 | IBITR067-20 | BOLD:AAF7459 | |
INV01260 | IBITR076-20 | |||
INV02921 | IBITR122-20 | |||
INV04716 | IBITR241-20 | |||
INV04717 | IBITR242-20 | |||
Tinodes foedellus McLachlan, 1884 | INV04714 | IBITR239-20 | BOLD:AAL9978 | |
INV04715 | IBITR240-20 | |||
Tinodes maculicornis (Pictet, 1834) | INV05954 | IBITR416-20 | BOLD:AAF7446 | |
Tinodes waeneri (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV04777 | IBITR282-20 | BOLD:AAB9068 | |
INV00491 | IBITR061-20 | |||
INV01280 | IBITR077-20 | |||
INV04576 | IBITR200-20 | |||
INV04581 | IBITR203-20 | |||
INV04423 | IBITR187-20 | |||
INV04500 | IBITR188-20 | |||
INV04776 | IBITR281-20 | |||
Ptilocolepidae | Ptilocolepus extensus McLachlan, 1884 | INV04266 | IBITR172-20 | |
INV04690 | IBITR221-20 | BOLD:AAL2306 | ||
INV04691 | IBITR222-20 | |||
Ptilocolepus granulatus (Pictet, 1834) | INV05967 | IBITR425-20 | ||
Rhyacophilidae | Rhyacophila adjuncta McLachlan, 1884 | INV00035 | IBITR018-20 | BOLD:AAD5575 |
INV00330 | IBITR031-20 | |||
INV04677 | IBITR209-20 | |||
INV04678 | IBITR210-20 | |||
Rhyacophila dorsalis (Curtis, 1834) | INV04811 | IBITR314-20 | BOLD:AAC4103 | |
INV05793 | IBITR371-20 | |||
INV05794 | IBITR372-20 | |||
INV05795 | IBITR373-20 | |||
Rhyacophila dorsalis albarracina Malicky, 2002 | INV05790 | IBITR368-20 | ||
INV05791 | IBITR369-20 | |||
Rhyacophila evoluta McLachlan, 1879 | INV04807 | IBITR310-20 | BOLD:AAX8713 | |
Rhyacophila intermedia McLachlan, 1868 | INV04680 | IBITR211-20 | ||
INV05507 | IBITR364-20 | |||
INV04810 | IBITR313-20 | BOLD:AAF7929 | ||
Rhyacophila laevis Pictet, 1834 | INV04809 | IBITR312-20 | BOLD:AAF8011 | |
Rhyacophila laufferi Navás, 1918 | INV05800 | IBITR378-20 | ||
Rhyacophila lusitanica McLachlan, 1884 | INV02967 | IBITR134-20 | BOLD:AEC8059 | |
INV00039 | IBITR019-20 | |||
INV03379 | IBITR138-20 | |||
INV03633 | IBITR150-20 | |||
INV05504 | IBITR362-20 | |||
Rhyacophila martynovi Mosely, 1930 | INV05799 | IBITR377-20 | ||
INV04808 | IBITR311-20 | BOLD:AEC7148 | ||
Rhyacophila melpomene Malicky, 1976 | INV04681 | IBITR212-20 | BOLD:AEM0544 | |
INV04682 | IBITR213-20 | |||
Rhyacophila meridionalis Pictet, 1865 | INV04683 | IBITR214-20 | BOLD:AEC9268 | |
INV04684 | IBITR215-20 | |||
Rhyacophila mocsaryi tredosensis Schmid, 1952 | INV05796 | IBITR374-20 | BOLD:AEC7310 | |
Rhyacophila munda McLachlan, 1862 | INV05803 | IBITR379-20 | BOLD:AAM4449 | |
INV05804 | IBITR380-20 | |||
INV05805 | IBITR381-20 | |||
INV02949 | IBITR129-20 | BOLD:AEC7678 | ||
INV03535 | IBITR139-20 | |||
INV04572 | IBITR198-20 | BOLD:AAM4448 | ||
INV04577 | IBITR201-20 | BOLD:AEC7678 | ||
INV03900 | IBITR168-20 | |||
INV04420 | IBITR186-20 | |||
Rhyacophila nevada Schmid, 1952 | INV05792 | IBITR370-20 | ||
Rhyacophila obelix Malicky, 1979 | INV00044 | IBITR020-20 | BOLD:AEC8711 | |
INV00045 | IBITR021-20 | BOLD:AEC8521 | ||
INV05947 | IBITR410-20 | BOLD:AEC8711 | ||
INV05949 | IBITR411-20 | |||
Rhyacophila obliterata McLachlan, 1863 | INV05797 | IBITR375-20 | ||
INV05798 | IBITR376-20 | |||
Rhyacophila occidentalis McLachlan, 1879 | INV04685 | IBITR216-20 | BOLD:AAJ3548 | |
INV04686 | IBITR217-20 | |||
Rhyacophila pascoei McLachlan, 1879 | INV04755 | IBITR269-20 | BOLD:AEC7530 | |
Rhyacophila pulchra Schmid, 1952 | INV04687 | IBITR218-20 | BOLD:AEC8544 | |
Rhyacophila relicta McLachlan, 1879 | INV05806 | IBITR382-20 | BOLD:AAI0887 | |
INV04532 | IBITR195-20 | |||
INV04531 | IBITR194-20 | |||
INV05807 | IBITR383-20 | |||
INV06215 | IBITR434-20 | |||
Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 | INV05808 | IBITR384-20 | BOLD:AAD5575 | |
INV05809 | IBITR385-20 | |||
Rhyacophila terpsichore Malicky, 1976 | INV04756 | IBITR270-20 | BOLD:AEC8427 | |
Rhyacophila terrai González & Martínez, 2010 | INV04757 | IBITR271-20 | BOLD:AEM3903 | |
INV04758 | IBITR272-20 | |||
Rhyacophila tristis Pictet, 1834 | INV05810 | IBITR386-20 | BOLD:ABA2486 | |
INV05811 | IBITR387-20 | |||
Sericostomatidae | Schizopelex festiva (Rambur, 1842) | INV00053 | IBITR022-20 | BOLD:AAI0810 |
INV00054 | IBITR023-20 | |||
INV00513 | IBITR065-20 | |||
Sericostoma pyrenaicum Pictet, 1865 | INV02747 | IBITR113-20 | BOLD:AAJ7690 | |
INV02748 | IBITR114-20 | |||
INV04292 | IBITR182-20 | |||
INV04749 | IBITR265-20 | |||
INV04803 | IBITR306-20 | |||
INV05509 | IBITR366-20 | BOLD:AEC8551 | ||
INV04288 | IBITR178-20 | |||
INV04289 | IBITR179-20 | BOLD:AAJ7690 | ||
INV04290 | IBITR180-20 | BOLD:AEC8551 | ||
INV04291 | IBITR181-20 | |||
INV04293 | IBITR183-20 | BOLD:ABZ0751 | ||
INV04804 | IBITR307-20 | BOLD:AAJ7690 | ||
INV04805 | IBITR308-20 | |||
INV04806 | IBITR309-20 | |||
INV05472 | IBITR332-20 | BOLD:AEC8551 | ||
Sericostoma vittatum Rambur, 1842 | INV04270 | IBITR176-20 | BOLD:ABZ0751 | |
INV04797 | IBITR301-20 | BOLD:AAM4952 | ||
INV04822 | IBITR320-20 | BOLD:AAJ7690 | ||
INV05486 | IBITR346-20 | BOLD:ABZ0751 | ||
INV05492 | IBITR352-20 | BOLD:AAJ7690 | ||
INV04752 | IBITR266-20 | |||
INV04798 | IBITR302-20 | BOLD:AAM4952 | ||
INV04799 | IBITR303-20 | |||
INV04800 | IBITR304-20 | BOLD:AEC9666 | ||
INV04801 | IBITR305-20 | BOLD:AAJ7690 | ||
INV04820 | IBITR318-20 | |||
INV04821 | IBITR319-20 | |||
Thremmatidae | Thremma gallicum McLachlan, 1880 | INV05950 | IBITR412-20 | BOLD:AAF7946 |
INV00056 | IBITR009-16 | |||
INV00057 | IBITR010-16 | |||
INV00058 | IBITR011-16 | |||
Thremma tellae González, 1978 | INV04833 | IBITR324-20 | BOLD:AAL9956 | |
INV05497 | IBITR356-20 |
Average nucleotide composition of the Trichoptera sequences is 37.7% thymine (T), 17.9% cytosine (C), 30.5% adenine (A) and 13.9% guanine (G), for a total GC content of 31.8% for the COI barcode fragment analysed. Genetic p-distances ranged from 0.00% between Athripsodes alentexanus Martín, González and Martínez, 2016 (n = 2) and A. braueri (Pictet, 1865) to 33.97% between Ptilocolepus granulatus (Pictet, 1834) (n = 1) and Potamophylax latipennis (Curtis, 1834) (n = 4) (Suppl. material
The BOLD BIN system uses algorithms to cluster sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that closely correspond to species (
Comparison in OTU assignment performance between BOLD’s BIN and RESL stand-alone algorithms. The BIN dataset comprised 135 taxa (134 species) and the RESL stand-alone run comprised the entire 142 taxa (141 species) dataset. The four categories: MATCH, MERGE, SPLIT and MIXTURE into which the OTUs were divided, follow the criteria used by
The independent RESL run (
Nevertheless, some differences existed between the RESL OTU clustering and the BINs created by BOLD (Suppl. materials
This work provided new DNA barcode sequences and distributional data for 436 specimens of Iberian Trichoptera, plus two French specimens. The dataset represents 37% of the Caddisflies known to occur in Iberia and the work added 29 taxa previously not represented in the BOLD database. To our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on DNA barcoding of the Trichoptera order for the Iberian Peninsula.
This study showed that DNA barcode sequences, based on the COI mitochondrial gene fragment, can be useful in identifying Iberian Trichoptera samples to species level. We achieved more than 80% success in matching the sequences generated to the morphological identification of the specimens. This is similar to the success rate achieved in 2017 (
Incongruences were found in nine families. In six of them, Glossosomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Polycentropodidae, Limnephilidae, Rhyacophilidae and Psychomyiidae, the barcode analysis identified no species boundaries, with high levels of intraspecific genetic diversity (Suppl. material
In the family Hydropsychidae, nine species of the genus Hydropsyche could be identified through their barcodes and their genetic distances ranged between 13.4% and 23%. However, five other species could not be identified through DNA barcodes. These species, H. ambigua, H. infernalis, H. pictetorum, H. siltalai and H. tenuis were spliced between different BINs and OTUs, shared by some, but not all of the same species, further complicating their relationships. For the species with enough sequenced specimens, all were found to have moderate to high levels of intraspecific genetic diversity (Suppl. material
In the family Leptoceridae, sequences identified as Athripsodes alentexanus and A. braueri clustered in a single BIN. All four sequences were identical. As such, DNA barcodes, based on COI, might not differentiate between these two species. This can be the result of an introgression event, if they had split very recently or alternatively, if their taxonomic identity needs revision.
In the family Philopotamidae, two Wormaldia beaumonti and one W. lusitanica sequences were in the dataset. Two BINs are present in BOLD with both species represented in each (from previous data, but also with the new data). This genus is very difficult to identify morphologically and is likely that the morphological characters used are not able to separate both taxa.
In the family Sericostomatidae, there were problems separating two species of the genus Sericostoma, S. pyrenaicum and S. vittatum. These species clustered together into two different BINs, but sequences of S. pyrenaicum and S. vittatum also clustered in additional BINs. Intraspecific genetic diversity is relatively high in both species (2.49% and 2.89%, respectively).
Our results did not corroborate the findings of
We also identified several cases that require further study by taxonomists. Other possibilities for the incongruence found amongst the results include the existence of hybridisation, introgression or incomplete lineage sorting in these species, especially if they result from recent speciation events (e.g.
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA Barcodes of Iberian Trichoptera 01
Luis Martín (taxonomist), Jesús Martínez (taxonomist), Marcos A. González (taxonomist), affiliated to Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Pedro Beja (project coordinator), Joana Paupério (IBI manager), Sónia Ferreira (taxonomist and IBI manager), Filipa M.S. Martins (molecular biologist), Joana Veríssimo (molecular biologist), Pamela Puppo (molecular biologist), Joana C. Pinto (project technician), Cátia Chaves (project technician), Catarina J. Pinho (project technician), Pedro Sousa (project technician), Lorenzo Quaglietta (ecologist), Teresa Silva (molecular biologist), Paulo Célio Alves,(molecular biologist), Nuno Fonseca (bioinformatician), all affiliated to CIBIO-InBIO, University of Porto and José Manuel Grosso-Silva (taxonomist), affiliated to the MHNC-UP, University of Porto.
Specimens were collected during field expeditions in the Iberian Peninsula, from 1975 to 2018 (n = 434 Fig.
For each species, we selected, on average, three specimens for DNA sequencing, based on their location of capture, attempting to maximise the geographical coverage of the study.
DNA was extracted using two different kits: EasySpin Genomic DNA Microplate Tissue Kit (Citomed, Odivelas, Portugal) or QIAmp DNA Micro Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). QIAmp DNA Micro Kit is designed to extract higher concentrations of genetic material from samples with small amounts of DNA.
DNA amplification was performed using three different primer pairs, that amplify three overlapping fragments of the same 658 bp region of the COI mitochondrial gene. In the beginning of the project (2015), we used two primer pairs, LCO1490 (
All PCR products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and samples selected for sequencing were then organised for assignment of sequencing ‘indexes’. One of two types of index was used for each run. For Illumina indexes, samples were pooled into one plate, as described in
Sequencing was conducted in an Illumina MiSeq benchtop system, using a V2 MiSeq sequencing kit (2x 250 bp) to perform sequencing at CIBIO facilities.
Sequences were filtered and processed with OBITools (
All DNA barcode sequences were aligned in Geneious 6.1.8 with MUSCLE (
InBIO Barcoding Initiative is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 668981 and by the project PORBIOTA — Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127), supported by Operational Thematic Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The fieldwork benefited from EDP Biodiversity Chair, including research conducted at the Long Term Research Site of Baixo Sabor (LTER_EU_PT_002), the project “Promoção dos serviços de ecossistemas no Parque Natural Regional do Vale do Tua: Controlo de Pragas Agrícolas e Florestais por Morcegos” funded by the Agência de Desenvolvimento Regional do Vale do Tua. SF was supported by individual research contract (2020.03526.CEECIND) and CJP, JV and FMSM by a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/145851/2019; SFRH/BD/133159/2017; SFRH/BD/104703/2014) funded by FCT.
Iberian Peninsula.
Specimens were captured during direct searches of the environment, using mainly hand-held sweep-nets or lured by light trapping, the latter with UV (black-light) LEDs. Morphological identification was done, based on Malicky (2004) using a stereoscopic microscope for the study of genitalia. In some cases, genitalia were cleared in 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) at room temperature for 4–8 hours, rinsed in water and placed in a drop of glycerine or resin (DMHF) on a clean slide for further study. From each specimen, one tissue sample (a leg) was removed and stored in 96% ethanol for DNA extraction at the IBI collection.
All DNA barcode sequences were compared against the BOLD database and the 99 top results were inspected in order to detect possible problems due to contaminations or misidentifications. Prior to GBIF submission, data were checked for errors and inconsistencies with OpenRefine 3.3 (http://openrefine.org).
Specimens were collected in 66 different localities in Portugal and 74 localities in Spain. Collections were carried out between 1975 and 2018. Specimens were collected during fieldwork by direct search of specimens, by sweeping the vegetation with a hand-net and by using light traps and were preserved in 96% alcohol. Captured specimens were deposited in the IBI reference collection at CIBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources) or in the collection Marcos A. González at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Specimens were morphologically identified with the assistance of stereoscopic microscopes (Leica MZ12, 8x to 100x; Olympus SZX16, 7x to 115x). DNA barcodes were sequenced from all specimens. For this, one leg was removed from each individual, DNA was then extracted and a 658 bp COI DNA barcode fragment was amplified and sequenced. All obtained sequences were submitted to BOLD and GenBank databases and, to each sequenced specimen, the morphological identification, when available, was contrasted with the results of the BLAST of the newly-generated DNA barcodes in the BOLD Identification Engine. Prior to submission to GBIF, data were checked for errors and inconsistencies with OpenRefine 3.3 (http://openrefine.org/).
Specimens were collected in the Iberian Peninsula, 229 from 66 localities in Portugal and 207 from 74 localities in Spain (Fig.
-8.94 and -0.22 Latitude; 42.89 and 37.50 Longitude.
This dataset is composed of data relating to 438 Trichoptera specimens. All specimens were determined to species level, with 14 specimens further identifed to subspecies level. Overall, 141 species are represented in the dataset. These species belong to 22 families.
Rank | Scientific Name | Common Name |
---|---|---|
kingdom | Animalia | Animals |
subkingdom | Eumetazoa | |
phylum | Arthropoda | |
class | Insecta | |
family | Apataniidae | |
family | Beraeidae | |
family | Brachycentridae | |
family | Calamoceratidae | |
family | Ecnomidae | |
family | Glossosomatidae | |
family | Goeridae | |
family | Helicopsychidae | |
family | Hydropsychidae | |
family | Hydroptilidae | |
family | Lepidostomatidae | |
family | Leptoceridae | |
family | Limnephilidae | |
family | Odontoceridae | |
family | Philopotamidae | |
family | Phryganeidae | |
family | Polycentropodidae | |
family | Psychomyiidae | |
family | Ptilocolepidae | |
family | Rhyacophilidae | |
family | Sericostomatidae | |
family | Uenoidae |
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA Barcodes of Iberian Trichoptera dataset can be downloaded from the PublicData Portal of BOLD (http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_SearchTerms?query=DS-IBITR01) in different formats (data as dwc, xml or tsv and sequences as fasta files). Alternatively, BOLD users can log-in and access the dataset via the Workbench platform of BOLD. All records are also searchable within BOLD, using the research function of the database. The InBIO Barcoding Initiative will continue sequencing Iberian Trichoptera for the BOLD database, with the ultimate goal of comprehensive coverage. The version of the dataset, at the time of writing the manuscript, is included as in the form of one text file for record information as downloaded from BOLD, one text file with the collection and identification data in Darwin Core Standard format (downloaded from GBIF,
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
processid | Unique identifier for the sample. |
sampleid | Identifier for the sample being sequenced, i.e. IBI catalogue number at Cibio-InBIO, Porto University. Often identical to the "Field ID" or "Museum ID". |
recordID | Identifier for specimen assigned in the field. |
catalognum | Catalogue number. |
fieldnum | Field number. |
institution_storing | The full name of the institution that has physical possession of the voucher specimen. |
bin_uri | Barcode Index Number system identifier. |
phylum_taxID | Phylum taxonomic numeric code. |
phylum_name | Phylum name. |
class_taxID | Class taxonomic numeric code. |
class_name | Class name. |
order_taxID | Order taxonomic numeric code. |
order_name | Order name. |
family_taxID | Family taxonomic numeric code. |
family_name | Family name. |
subfamily_taxID | Subfamily taxonomic numeric code. |
subfamily_name | Subfamily name. |
genus_taxID | Genus taxonomic numeric code. |
genus_name | Genus name. |
species_taxID | Species taxonomic numeric code. |
species_name | Species name. |
identification_provided_by | Full name of primary individual who assigned the specimen to a taxonomic group. |
identification_method | The method used to identify the specimen. |
voucher_status | Status of the specimen in an accessioning process (BOLD controlled vocabulary). |
tissue_type | A brief description of the type of tissue or material analysed. |
collectors | The full or abbreviated names of the individuals or team responsible for collecting the sample in the field. |
lifestage | The age class or life stage of the specimen at the time of sampling. |
sex | The sex of the specimen. |
lat | The geographical latitude (in decimal degrees) of the geographic centre of a location. |
lon | The geographical longitude (in decimal degrees) of the geographic centre of a location. |
elev | Elevation of sampling site (in metres above sea level). |
country | The full, unabbreviated name of the country where the organism was collected. |
province_state | The full, unabbreviated name of the province ("Distrito" in Portugal) where the organism was collected. |
region | The full, unabbreviated name of the municipality ("Concelho" in Portugal) where the organism was collected. |
exactsite | Additional name/text description regarding the exact location of the collection site relative to a geographic relevant landmark. |
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 668981 and by the project PORBIOTA - Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127), supported by Operational Thematic Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The fieldwork benefited from EDP Biodiversity Chair, the project “Promoção dos serviços de ecossistemas no Parque Natural Regional do Vale do Tua: Controlo de Pragas Agrícolas e Florestais por Morcegos” funded by the Agência de Desenvolvimento Regional do Vale do Tua and includes research conducted at the Long Term Research Site of Baixo Sabor (LTER_EU_PT_002). SF was supported by an individual research contract (2020.03526.CEECIND) and CJP, JV and FMSM by a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/145851/2019; SFRH/BD/133159/2017; SFRH/BD/104703/2014) funded by FCT. Work co-funded by the project NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000063, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
The file includes information about all records in BOLD for the IBI-Trichoptera 01 library. It contains collection and identification data. The data are as downloaded from BOLD, without further processing.
COI sequences in fasta format. Each sequence is identified by the BOLD ProcessID, species name, marker and GenBank accession number, separated by pipe. The data are as downloaded from BOLD.
Brief description: Estimates of average genetic divergence (uncorrected p- distances) for species of Trichoptera. Values under the diagonal refer to interspecifc divergence, while values in the diagonal represent intraspecifc divergence.
OTUs generated by the RESL algorithm (Ratnasingham and Hebert, 2013) in the BOLD system (Ratnasingham and Hebert, 2007), respective sequence composition and Nearest Neighbour genetic distance. The data are downloaded from BOLD, without further processing.
The file includes information about all records in BOLD for the IBI-Trichoptera 01 library. It contains collection and identification data. The data are downloaded from GBIF, without further processing.