Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomy & Inventories
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Taxonomy & Inventories
New information of the biodiversity of the nymphalid family (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) species collected in Romania’s fauna between 1887–1984
expand article infoCristina Stancă-Moise, George Moise, Tom Brereton§, Mirela Stanciu
‡ "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
§ Butterfly Conservation, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom
Open Access

Abstract

Background

This paper complements the data published thus far about species of the nymphalid family with data collected in Romania’s eight regions between 1887 and 1984 and elsewhere in Europe (Austria, Germany, Croația, the Republic of Moldova, Serbia and Switzerland), including the date and the site of original collection. For the first time, this research presents the collecting information of the species held in the entomological collection of the Museum of Natural History in Sibiu. It identifies the species of the nymphalid family in six of the museum’s lepidoptera collections. These collections are of extraordinary interest not least because they are associated with natural scientists of European renown, such as Daniel Czekelius, Eugen Worell, Viktor Weindel, Rolf Weirauch, Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim and Eckbert Schneider. The analysis, cataloguing, centralisation and updating of the nomenclature resulted in a number of 1,865 specimens from 49 species and fifteen genera (of the 90 referenced in Romania’s fauna): Aglais, Apatura, Araschnia, Argynnis, Brenthis, Boloria, Euphydryas, Inachis, Issoria, Libythea, Limenitis, Melitaea, Neptis, Nymphalis and Polygonia. Data published in a previous article add 101 specimens from the Vanessa genus.

New information

Most species originate regionally from the nine counties of Transylvania followed by Oltenia and Moldova (three counties each), Banat and Dobrogea (two counties each), Crișana, Satu Mare and Muntenia (one county each) and the capital of Romania, Bucharest. The species presented in this paper also include the extinct taxon Polygonia egea (Cramer, 1775), Eugen Worrell collection and three species that are endemic to Romania: Melitaea retyezatica Diöszeghy, 1930, Argynnis pandora dacica Hormuzaki, 1892, Daniel Czekelius collection and Boloria pales ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) carpathomeridionalis Crosson et Popescu-Gorj, 1963, both in the Viktor Weindel collection.

Keywords

butterfly, conservation, collections, endemic, Museum of Natural History in Sibiu

Introduction

Tracing the historical evolution of butterflies from the nymphalid family requires updating the information on the species’ long-term collection. Updating this information allows ascertaining in how far environmental and anthropogenic factors (Fox et al. 2019, Choi et al. 2021) have determined the temporal and spatial abundance and dominance of these species (Ștefanescu et al. 2021). In Romania, as in other European countries, the entomological material held at natural history museums is a valuable resource for researching declining or extinct populations of butterflies. In museums in Romania, data on butterfly species belonging to the nymphalid family have been collected over time from the whole country and the world and have been obtained through exchanges between specialists or from collectors. The data pertaining to specimens of the nymphalid family thus offer information about the collection sites (Popescu-Gorj 1960, Popescu-Gorj 1964, Popescu-Gorj and Drăhia 1964, Ciochia and Barbu 1980, Capușe and Kovács 1987, Burnaz 2002, Marcu and Rákosy 2002, Stănescu 2005, Chimișliu 2006, Chimișliu 2010, Chimișliu 2011, Chimișliu 2012). Since the 19th century, fauna research in Transylvania has been indebted to the work of numerous professional and amateur entomologists with great love for nature. The following natural scientists founded the collections studied in this paper and analysed and determined the preserved material, thus bringing an important contribution to lepidopterological research: Daniel Czekelius (1856-1938, Sibiu); Arnold Müller (1884-1937, Sibiu); Eugen Worell (1884-1961, Sibiu), Viktor Weindel (1887-1966, Sibiu); Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim (1895-1971, Sibiu), Rolf Weirauch (1906-1984, Sibiu), Alexei Alexinschi (1899-1966, Iași); Hans Rebel (1861-1940, Vienna); László Diószeghy (1877-1942, Arad); Aurelian Popescu-Gorj (1914-1997, București) and Eckbert Schneider (1927) (Szèkely 2008). The Natural History Museum opened to the public in 1895. Owing to its priceless holdings, the Museum can be currently considered as an archive of lepidoptera biodiversity in Transylvania. It, therefore, plays a significant role in Romanian and European entomological research.

The Museum was founded by German-speaking Transylvanian-Saxon entomologists who collected material in the city of Sibiu, its surroundings, neighbouring regions and other Transylvanian locations (Czekelius 1897, Czekelius 1898, Worell 1951, Székely 1996, Székely 2003, Székely 2004), as well as in other geographical regions of Romania. Throughout time, several generations of natural scientists have evaluated and continue to evaluate the data held in these collections (Caradja 1931, Niculescu 1965, Schneider 1984, Chimișliu 1989, Schneider 1996, Rákosy et al. 2003, Moise 2011a, Moise 2011b, Moise 2011c, Rákosy 2013, Rakosy and Goia 2021). The Lepidoptera collections are of central importance to the Natural History Museum’s patrimony. To date, partial collecting data of the species have been published for the Daniel Czekelius, Eugen Worell, Viktor Weindel, Rolf Weirauch, Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim and Eckbert Schneider collections (Czekelius 1898, Rákosy et al. 2003, Török and Cuzepan 2014, Stancă-Moise 2017, Stancă-Moise 2018, Stancă-Moise 2019, Stancă-Moise 2020, Stancă-Moise 2021, Stancă-Moise 2022). The current paper evaluates unpublished data of specimens from the nymphalid family in order to assess this family’s historical distribution in Romanian and European fauna.

Materials and methods

The material evaluated in this paper consists of specimens collected in Romania’s eight regions between 1887 and 1984. The analysis has also identified specimens collected in Austria, Germany, Croatia, Switzerland, the Republic of Moldova and Serbia. The species’ nomenclature was reviewed by using the actual identification keys as following (Rákosy et al. 2003, Szèkely 2008, Rákosy 2013, Rákosy et al. 2021) in conformity with the Fauna Europaea taxonomic system (Lampert 1923, Karsholt and Razowski 1996, Van Swaay and Warren 1999, Rakosy and Goia 2021). Each species is listed, indicating the examined material, collecting data (in the chronological order of years, months and days), number of specimens, collection sites (including the Romanian county and region), the conservation status (Rákosy et al. 2021) and name of the collector. Question marks are used in cases where information is missing, incomplete or the writing could not be deciphered. All data originate from museum labels; Romanian place names originally listed in German have been replaced with contemporary Romanian ones.

Abbreviations:

Collectors: Daniel Czekelius (DC), Eugen Worell (EW), Viktor Weindel (VW), Rolf Weirauch (RW), Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim (HH), Eckbert Schneider (ES).

Romanian regions: Banat (BT), Crișana (CR), Oltenia (OT), Muntenia (MT), Moldova (MD), Dobrogea (DB), Satu Mare (SM), Transilvania (TR)

Romania’s counties: Arad (AR), Alba (AB), Bistrița-Năsăud (BN), Brașov (BV), Caraș-Severin (CS), Cluj (CJ), Constanța (CT), Covasna (Cv), Galați (GL), Gorj (GJ), Harghita (HR), Hunedoara (HD), Ilfov (IF), Maramureș (MM), Mehedinți (MH), Mureș (MS), Neamț (NT), Satu Mare (SM), Sibiu (SB), Timiș (TM), Tulcea (TL), Vâlcea (VL), Vrancea (VN), București (B).

European countries: Austria (AU), Croația (HR), Germany (GE), Republic of Moldova (RMO), Serbia (RS), Switzerland (CH).

The conservation status: Extinct (EX), Critically endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near threatened (NT), Least concern (LC), Endemic (EN).

Nymphalidae collected in Romania’s fauna between 1887 and 1984

Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782)

Conservation status: 

EN

Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

ES

Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, AU, RMO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, ES

Argynnis paphia f. valensina [Esper, 1798]

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, AU

Notes: 
EW

Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW, ES

Argynnis pandora subsp. dacica Hormuzaki, 1892

Conservation status: 
Endemic
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
EW

Argynnis (Speyeria) aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
LC
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW

Argynnis adippe (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC, EW, VW

Argynnis (Fabriciana) niobe f. cleodoxa Esper 1789

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
VW

Argynnis (Fabriciana) niobe (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, AU

Notes: 

DC, EW, VW, ES

Argynnis (Fabriciana) niobe var. pelopia Borkhausen, 1788

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771)

Conservation status: 

OUG 57/2007: 4B; IUCN: LC (Murariu and Maican 2021)

Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC, EW, VW

Argynnis latonia var. hungarica Aigner-Abafi, 1906

Conservation status: 
LC
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
LC
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW, HH, ES

Brenthis ino Rottemburg, 1775

Conservation status: 

VU

Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW

Brenthis daphne ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW, ES

Brenthis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
VW, HH, ES

Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW, HH, ES

Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW, HH, ES

Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767)

Conservation status: 
LC
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW, HH, ES

Boloria pales subsp. carpathomeridionalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Crosson & Popescu-Gorj, 1963

Conservation status: 
Endemic
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

VW, HH

Inachis (Aglais) io (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
LC
Distribution: 

RO, RMO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW, ES

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, RMO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW, ES

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, RMO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW, ES

Polygonia egea (Cramer, 1775)

Conservation status: 
EX
Distribution: 

HR

Notes: 
EW

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, GE

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW, ES

Araschnia levana f. porima Ochsenheimer, 1807

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Araschnia levana f. prorsa Linnaeus, 1758

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW

Araschnia levana f. intermedia Stichel, 1906

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW, ES

Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
EN
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW, ES

Nymphalis xanthomelas ([Denis & (Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 

IUCN: LC (Murariu and Maican 2021)

Distribution: 
Ro
Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW

Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 

ONG 57/2007: 3, 4A, DH: II, IV; IUCN: LC (Murariu and Maican 2021)

Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW, RW

Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 

ONG 57/2007: 3, 4A, DH: II, IV, IUCN: DD (Murariu and Maican 2021)

Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, ES

Euphydryas orientalis (Herrich-Schaffer, [1851])

Conservation status: 
CR
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
RW

Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

Conservation status: 

ONG 57/2007: 3, 4A, DH: II (Murariu and Maican 2021)

Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, ES

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW, ES

Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, RMO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW, ES

Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, RMO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, ES

Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

Conservation status: 
LC
Distribution: 

RO, AU

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW

Melitaea didyma subsp. alpina Staudinger, 1861

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
EW

Melitaea didyma subsp. occidentalis Staudinger, 1861

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
RW

Melitaea didyma subsp. meridionalis Staudinger, 1870

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
EW

Melitaea didymoides Eversmann, 1847

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RMO

Notes: 
EW

Melitaea dictynna Esper, 1778

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, RW

Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO, RS

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW, ES

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO, RMO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW, ES

Melitaea athalia subsp. mehadiensis Gerhard, 1822

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
EW, RW

Melitaea britomartis Assmann, 1847

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
RW

Melitaea diamina subsp. alpestris Fruhstorfer, 1917

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Melitaea nana Rehfons, 1910

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Melitaea parthenoides Keferstein, 1851

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW

Melitaea parthenie var. varia Meyer-Dűr, 1851

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

AU

Notes: 
EW

Melitaea retyezatica Diöszeghy, 1930

Conservation status: 
Endemic
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Melitaea asteria Freyer, 1828

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
EW

Melitaea athalia subsp. dictynnoides Hormuzaki, 1898

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

DC

Limenitis populi (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, RW

Limenitis populi var. tremulae Esper, 1800

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW

Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
VW, RW

Limenitis sibilla (camilla) Linnaeus, 176

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO, CH

Notes: 

DC, EW,

Limenitis reducta subsp. reducta Staudinger, 1901

Conservation status: 
EN
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
RW

Neptis aceris sensu Lhomme, 1924

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, HH

Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
EW, VW, RW, ES

Neptis rivularis subsp. ludmila Nordmann, 1851

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
VW

Neptis sappho Pallas, 1771

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
VW, RW, ES

Neptis lucilla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
NT
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, HH, RW, ES

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, RW

Apatura clytie ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, VW, RW

Apatura ilia var. eos Rossi, 1794

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, HH, ES

Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 
DC, EW, VW, HH, ES

Apatura metis Freyer, 1829

Conservation status: 
VU
Distribution: 

RO

Notes: 

EW

Discussion

The analysis of the six collections of lepidoptera under scrutiny in this article focused on 1,865 specimens collected between 1887 and 1984 and identified 49 species and subspecies of the 90 mentioned in Romania’s fauna (Rákosy 2013, Rakosy and Goia 2021). Earlier data regarding the Vanessa genus are based on 101 specimens, 52 specimens of V. atalanta and 49 specimens of V. cardui (Stancă-Moise 2022). The species’ listing for each collection (Fig. 1) includes the following results: Daniel Czekelius’s collection, with 271 specimens, 14 genera and 49 (Table 1), Eugen Worrell’s collection, 11 genera and 41 species (Table 2), Viktor Weindel’s collection, 14 genera and 40 species (Table 3), Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim’s collection, 11 genera, 19 species (Table 4), Rolf Weyrauch’s collection, 11 genera and 28 species (Table 5) and Eckbert Schneider's collection with 14 genera and 30 species (Table 6). The oldest specimens are Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758) and were collected 135 years ago. The collectors specified on the labels are Daniel Czekelius, Béla Kiss, Arnold Müller, László Diószeghy, Friedrich Deubel, Paul Tiltscher, Miklos Tűtscher, Kimakowics, Adalbert Prall, Karl Alberti, Karl Petri and Vincenz Kollar.

Table 1.

Daniel DC’s collection.

Genus

Species

Collection period

Collection site

Legit

County

Region

Specimens

Status

Argynnis Fabricius, 1807

Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1911-1930

Brașov, Cisnădioara, Hodod, Păltiniș, Porumbacu, Retezat Mountain, Sibiu

DC, Diószeghy, Kiss, Prall

BV, SM, SB, Southern Carpathians

SM, TR

16

NT

Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

no data

Cisnădioara, Porumbacu, Sibiu

DC, Prall

SB

TR

4

VU

Argynnis (Speyeria) aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)

1911-1930

Borsec, Colibița, Păltiniș

DC, Műller

BN, HR, SB

TR

7

LC

Argynnis adippe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1906-1909

Bistrița, Brașov, Cisnădioara, Fedeleș, Hohod, Păltiniș, Mureș, Rodna, Sibiu

DC, Kiss

BN, BV, MS, SB

TR

14

NT

Argynnis (Fabriciana) niobe (Linnaeus, 1758)

1904-1921

Borsec, Turnu Roșu

DC

HR, SB

TR

3

NT

Argynnis niobe ab. pelopia Borkhausen, 1788

no data

Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

1

NT

Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771)

1908

Cibin, Hodod, Micăsasa

DC

SM, SB

SM, TR

4

EN

Argynnis eris Meigen, 1829

1921

Bazna

DC

SB

TR

5

EN

Argynnis latonia ab. hungarica Aigner-Abafi, 1906

no data

Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

1

LC

Issoria Hűbner, 1819

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1911-1934

Borsec, Sibiu, Retezat Mountain, Tălmaciu, Hodod

DC, Kiss

HR, SM, SB

SM, TR

6

LC

Brenthis, Hűbner, 1819

Brenthis ino Rottemburg, 1775

1912-1928

Sfântu Gheorghe, Pleeshortalgy (?)

DC, Tiltsdur

CV

TR

2

VU

Brenthis daphne ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

no data

Hodod

Kiss

SM

SM

3

VU

Boloria Moore, 1900 (Clossiana), Moore, 1900

Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

1908-1911

Brașov, Fedeleș, Vâlcele, Borsec

DC, Deubel

BV, HR, Eastern Carpathians

TR

7

VU

Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1887-1911

DC, Kiss

SB

TR

5

NT

Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767)

1910-1922

Bazna, Sibiu, Șura Mică, Tălmaciu

DC, Kiss

SB

TR

6

LC

Inachis Hübner, 1819

Inachis (Aglais) io (Linnaeus, 1758)

no data

Păltiniș, Sibiu

DC, Kiss

SB

TR

4

LC

Aglais Dalman, 1816

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)

1891-1932

Fedeleș, Hodod, Sibiu, Retezat Mountain

DC, Kimakowics, Kiss

BV, SM, SB

SM, TR

12

NT

Polygonia Hübner, [1819]

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

1908-1927

Hodod, Micăsasa, Sibiu, Retezat Mountain, Brașov

DC, Deubel, Dioszeghy, Kiss, Prall

SB, BV, SM, Southern Carpathians

SM, TR

16

NT

Araschnia Hübner, 1819

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758)

1922

Copșa Mică, Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

3

NT

Araschnia levana f. porima Ochsenheimer, 1807

1912

Sfântu Gheorghe

Miklos Tűtscher

CV

TR

1

NT

Araschnia levana f. prorsa Linnaeus, 1758

1908

Konzeshova (?)

DC

no data

no data

2

NT

Araschnia levana f. intermedia Stichel, 1906

1908

Brașov, Sibiu

DC

SB, BV

TR

3

NT

Nymphalis Kluk, 1802

Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)

1909

Festebsch (?)

no data

no data

no data

2

VU

Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)

1887-1923

Sibiu

DC, Kiss, Borz3 N (?)

SB

TR

6

EN

Nymphalis xanthomelas ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

no data

Păltiniș, Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

3

CR

Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1912

Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

3

CR

Euphydryas, Scudder, 1872

Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758)

no data

Hodod, Sibiu

Deuber, Kiss

SM, SB

SM, TR

4

VU

Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

no data

Sibiu, Șura Mică

DC

SB

TR

3

EN

Melitaea Fabricius, 1807

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1907

Cluj, Hodod, Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu

DC, Kiss, Műller, Prall

CJ, SM, SB

SM, TR

8

NT

Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1911

Bistrița, Borsec, Sibiu, Ocna Sibiului

Alberti, DC, Kiss

BN, HR, SB

TR

9

NT

Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

no data

Ocna Sibiului, Sâmbăta, Sibiu

DC, Kiss

BV, SB

TR

4

NT

Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

1909-1912

Bâlea, Cluj-Napoca, Hodod, Rășinari, Brașov, Sibiu

DC, Kiss, Műller

BV, CJ, SM, SB

SM, TR

17

LC

Melitaea dictynna Esper, 1778

1901-1928

Sibiu, Plecska (?)

DC

SB

TR

4

VU

Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850

1911-1930

Bazna, Borsec, Brașov, Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu

DC

BV, HR, SB

TR

12

VU

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1904-1934

Bâlea, Brașov, Gușterița, Hodod, Sibiu

DC, Kiss

BV, SM, SB

SM, TR

26

NT

Melitaea diamina alpestris Fruhstorfer, 1917

no data

Hodod, Arpaș

DC, Kiss

SM, SB

SM, TR

3

NT

Melitaea nana Rehfons, 1910 sin. Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

no data

Lands (?), Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

2

VU

Melitaea parthenie Godart, 1822 sin. Melitaea parthenoides Keferstein, 1851

no data

Hodod

Kiss

SM

SM

1

VU

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775) f. Melitaea retyezatica Diöszeghy, 1930

1919-1922

Retezat Mountain

Diöszeghy

Southern Carpathians

TR

9

Endemic

Melitaea athalia dictynnoides Hormuzaki, 1898

no data

Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

4

NT

Limenitis Fabricius, 1807

Limenitis populi, (Linnaeus, 1758)

no data

Păltiniș

DC

SB

TR

2

VU

Limenitis ab. tremulae Esper, 1800

1922

Păltiniș, Retezat Mountain

DC

SB, Southern Carpathians

TR

2

VU

Limenitis camilla Linnaeus, 1764

1915

Păltiniș, Cheile Turzii

DC, Műller

SB, CJ

TR

2

VU

Neptis Fabricius, 1807

Neptis aceris sensu Lhomme, 1924

1911-1929

Bran, Șura Mare, Retezat Mountain, Sibiu, Tălmaciu, Hodod

DC, Diöszeghy, Kiss

BV, SM, SB, Southern Carpathians

SM, TR

10

VU

Neptis lucilla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) sin. Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)

1915-1924

Borsec, Păltiniș, Slimnic

DC, Műller

HR, SB

TR

4

NT

Apatura Fabricius, 1807

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1928-1929

Greliesei (?), Cluj

Peterfi

CJ

TR

2

VU

Apatura v. clytie ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1909-1933

Gușterița, Hodod, Sibiu

DC, Kiss

SM, SB

SM, TR

4

VU

Apatura ab. eos rossi Rossi, 1794

no data

Sibiu

DC

SB

TR

2

VU

Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758)

1925-1926

Păltiniș, Hodod, Râu Sadului, Sibiu

DC, Kiss

SM, SB

SM, TR

5

VU

Table 2.

Eugen Worell’s collection.

Genus

Species

Collection period

Collection site

Legit

County

Region

Specimens

Status

Argynnis Fabricius, 1807

Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1932-1957

Carinthia Plocken, Chișinău, Sibiu, Lintz

Kolar EW

SB, Chișinău, Tirol

TR, RMO, AU

4

NT

Argynnis paphia f. valensina [Esper, 1798]

1932-1953

Carinthia, Cozia, Eforie Sud, Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu

EW Kolar

CT, SB

DB, TR, AU

23

NT

Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1948

Cozia Montain

EW

VL

OT

7

VU

Argynnis pandora dacica Hormuzaki, 1892

1930-1931

Tecuci, Retezat Mountain

Alexinschi Dioszegy

GL, Southern Carpathians

MD

3

VU

Argynnis (Speyeria) aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)

1935-1953

Băile Herculane, Păltiniș, Sibiu

EW

CS, SB

BT, TR

13

LC

Argynnis (Fabriciana) adippe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1933-1952

Brașov, Cisnădioara, Măgura Cisnădiei, Gușterița, Sibiu

EW

BV, SB

TR

18

NT

Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus, 1758)

1921-1948

Bazna, Păltiniș Sibiu, Salsburg, Schlenken

EW

SB

TR, AU

12

NT

Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771)

1938-1953

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

17

EN

Inachis Hübner, 1819

Inachis (Aglais) io (Linnaeus, 1758)

1936-1953

Chișinău

EW

Chișinău

RMO

11

LC

Aglais Dalman, 1816

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)

1937

Chișinău

EW

Chișinău

RMO

13

NT

Polygonia Hübner, [1819]

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

1936-1952

Chișinău, Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu

EW

SB, Chișinău

RMO

17

NT

Polygonia egea (Cramer, 1775)

1910

Pola Istrien

EW

-

HR

3

EX

Araschnia Hübner, 1819

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758)

1930

Salisberg

EW

-

GE

2

NT

Araschnia prorsa Linnaeus, 1758

1924-1957

Sibiu, Sighișoara

EW

SB, MS

TR

11

NT

Nymphalis Kluk, 1802

Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)

1934-1955

Cisnădioara, Sibiu, Turnișor Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

14

VU

Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)

1888-1953

Sibiu

Umgebung EW

SB

TR

13

EN

Nymphalis xanthomelas ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1939

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

3

CR

Euphydryas, Scudder, 1872

Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758)

1935-1942

Băile Herculane

EW

CS

BT

5

VU

Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1905

Râșnov

EW

BV

TR

3

EN

Melitaea Fabricius, 1807

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1936-1983

Sibiu, Băile Herculane, Cernica

EW

CS, IF, SB

BT, MT, TR

15

NT

Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1931-1939

Eforie Sud, Techirgiol, Sighișoara, Chișinău, Sibiu, Gușterița

EW

Chișinău, CT, MS, SB

DB, TR, RMO

11

NT

Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1935-1954

Gușterița, Sibiu, Chișinău

EW

SB, Chișinău

TR, RMO

34

NT

Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

1938-1939

Gușterița, Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

2

LC

Melitaea didyma alpina Staudinger, 1861

1938-1957

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

10

VU

Melitaea didyma meridionalis Staudinger, 1870

1945-1953

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

10

VU

Melitaea aurelia Nieckerl, 1850

1920-1956

Sibiu, Sighișoara

DC, EW

SB, MS

TR

7

VU

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1927-1953

Bularda, Păltiniș, Sibiu

EW Alexinschi

SB, Chișinău

TR, RMO

24

NT

Melitaea athalia mehadiensis Gerhard, 1822

1938-1942

Băile Herculane

EW

CS

BT

4

NT

Melitaea didymoides Eversmann, 1847 sin. Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

1934-1939

Buciumeni, Bularda

EW

GL, Chișinău

RMO, MD

4

VU

Melitaea dictynna Esper, 1778 sin. Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789)

1930-1956

Sibiu, Sighișoara, Tismana

EW

GJ, MS, SB

OT TR

10

VU

Melitaea parthenie Godart, 1822 sin. Melitaea parthenoides Keferstein, 1851

1926-1953

Sibiu, Kaiserstuhl (?)

EW

SB

TR

2

VU

Melitaea parthenie var. varia Meyer-Dűr, 1851

1927-1930

Tirol Rotmoostal, Tirol Gaisbergatal

Holik

Tirol

AU

2

VU

Melitaea asteria Freyer, 1828

1938-1958

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

9

VU

Limenitis Fabricius, 1807

Limenitis populi, (Linnaeus, 1958)

1950

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

2

VU

Limenitis ab. tremulae Esper, 1800

1962

Băile Herculane

EW

CS

BT

2

VU

Limenitis camilla Linnaeus, 1764

1905-1939

Băile Herculane, Sibiu, Pontresina

EW

CS

BT, TR CH

7

VU

Neptis Fabricius, 1807

Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)

1936

Băile Herculane

EW

CS

BT

6

NT

Neptis lucilla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1936-1952

Băile Herculane, Sibiu

EW

CS

BT, TR

26

NT

Apatura Fabricius, 1807

Apatura metis Freyer, 1829

no data

no data

no data

no data

no data

2

VU

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1939-1959

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

6

VU

Apatura ilia eos Rossi, 1794

1938

Sibiu

EW

SB

TR

2

VU

Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1958)

1927-1956

Palamea, Sibiu, Șercaia

EW

BV, SB

TR

5

VU

Table 3.

Viktor Veindel’s collection.

Genus

Species

Collection period

Collection site

Legit

County

Region

Specimens

Status

Argynnis Fabricius, 1807

Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1903-1956

Cisnădie, Borsec, Cheile Bicazului, Ghiorghieni, Râu Vadului

VW

SB, HR, NT

TR

17

NT

Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1904-1955-

Cisnădioara, Sibiu, Râu Vadului, Cozia

VW

SB, VL

OT, TR

4

VU

Argynnis (Speyeria) aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)

1903-1954

Borsec, Cisnădioara, Colibița, Gușterița, Sibiu

VW

BN, HR, SB

TR

14

LC

Argynnis (Fabriciana) adippe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1903-1956

Cisnădie, Gușterița, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

7

NT

Argynnis adippe f. cleodoxa Ochsenheimer, 1816

1906-1956

Cisnădie, Gușterița, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

8

NT

Argynnis (Fabriciana) niobe (Linnaeus, 1758)

1904-1922

Cârțișoara, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

4

NT

Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771)

1907-1921

Cisnădioara, Gușterița, Saschiz

VW

SB

TR

3

EN

Issoria Hűbner, 1819

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1903-1958

Gușterița, Borsec, Cisnădie, Păltiniș, Cozia, Paltin, Râu Vadului

VW

SB

TR

14

LC

Brenthis Hűbner, 1819

Brenthis ino Rottemburg, 1775

1921

Borsec

VW

HR

TR

4

VU

Brenthis daphne ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1954-1956

Păltiniș, Râu Vadului

VW

SB

TR

2

VU

Brenthis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1920-1956

Gușterița, Saschiz

VW

SB

TR

6

VU

Boloria Moore, 1900

Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

1904-1956

Cisnădie, Șura Mică, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

10

VU

Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1903-1956

Cisnădioara, Gușterița, Șura Mică

VW

SB

TR

12

NT

Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767)

1904-1958

Borsec, Cisnădioara, Gușterița, Păltiniș, Șura Mică, Râu Vadului

VW

SB

TR

23

LC

Boloria pales ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) carpathomeridionalis Crosson et Popescu-Gorj, 1963

1957

Suru

VW

Făgăraș Mountain

TR

5

VU Endemic

Inachis Hübner, 1819

Inachis (Aglais) io (Linnaeus, 1758)

1904-1952

Cisnădie, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

14

LC

Aglais Dalman, 1816

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)

1903-1930

Gușterița, Păltiniș, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

10

NT

Polygonia Hübner, [1819]

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

1904-1956

Borsec, Cisnădie, Cisnădioara, Cozia, Gușterița, Păltiniș, Sadu, Râu Vadului

VW

HR, VL, SB

OT, TR

20

NT

Araschnia Hübner, 1819

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758)

-

Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

2

NT

Araschnia levana f. prorsa (Linnaeus, 1758)

1903-1958

Borsec, Colibița, Ghiorghieni, Păltiniș, Sibiu, Râu Sadului

VW

BN, HR, SB

TR

14

NT

Nymphalis Kluk, 1802

Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)

1905-1955

Cisnădioara, Gușterița, Păltiniș, Sibiu

VW

VL, SB

OT, TR

24

VU

Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)

1903-1952

Gușterița, Păltiniș, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

10

EN

Nymphalis xanthomelas ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1904

Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

2

CR

Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1908-1922

Cisnădie, Păltiniș

VW

SB

TR

2

CR

Euphydryas Scudder, 1872

Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1920

Saschiz

VW

SB

TR

2

EN

Melitaea Fabricius, 1807

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1956

Șura Mică, Târnăvioara

VW

SB

TR

5

NT

Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1903-1956

Gușterița, Sebeș, Sibiu

VW

AB, SB

TR

8

NT

Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1920-1958

Gușterița, Prislop, Tălmaciu, Târnăvioara

VW

SB

TR

14

NT

Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

1903-1956

Cisnădioara, Cisnădie, Gușterița, Paltin, Turnu Roșu, Râul Vadului, Tâmpa

DC VW

BV, SB

TR

33

LC

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1903-1956

Borsec, Cisnădie, Cisnădioara, Colibița, Cozia, Cheile Bicazului, Șura Mică

DC VW

BN, HR, NT, SB, VL

MD, OT, TR, RS

37

NT

Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850

1907-1955

Gușterița, Viile Sibiului, Polja

DC VW

SB

TR, RS

13

VU

Limenitis Fabricius, 1807

Limenitis populi, (Linnaeus, 1958)

1904-1954

Cheile Bicazului, Sibiu

VW

HR, NT, SB

TR

5

VU

Limenitis populi f. tremulae Esper, 1798

no data

no data

no data

no data

no data

1

VU

Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1964)

1954

Cheile Bicazului, Colibița

VW

BN, HR, NT

TR

7

VU

Neptis Fabricius, 1807

Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)

1904-1957

Făgăraș, Sibiu

VW

BV, SB

TR

6

NT

Neptis rivularis ludmila Nordmann, 1851

1921-1954

Borsec, Tușnad

VW

HR, NT

TR

3

NT

Neptis sappho Pallas, 1771

1907-1956

Gușterița, Șura Mică, Râu Vadului

VW

SB

TR

6

VU

Apatura Fabricius, 1807

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1904

Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

2

VU

Apatura clytie ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1904-1905

Cisnădioara, Sibiu

VW

SB

TR

3

VU

Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1958)

1904-1954

Cisnădie, Colibița, Gheorghieni, Păltiniș, Sibiu

VW

BN, HR, SB

TR

9

VU

Table 4.

Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim’s collection.

Genus

Species

Collection period

Collection site

Legit

County

Region

Specimens

Status

Issoria Hübner, 1819

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1955-1963

Apoldul de Sus, Bărcaciu, Cisnădioara, Tălmaciu, Sibiu, Șopa

HH

SB

TR

6

LC

Brenthis Hűbner, 1819

Brenthis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1928-1956

Galeș, Gușterița, Cluj, Sibiu

HH

CJ, SB

TR

5

VU

Boloria Moore, 1900

Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1964

Gușterița, Băile Herculane, Sibiu, Șopa

HH

CS, SB

BT, TR

6

VU

Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) sin. Boloria selenis (Eversmann, 1837)

1954-1964

Bungard, Gușterița, Sibiu

HH

SB

TR

8

NT

Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767)

1954-1963

Gușterița, Obreja, Slimnic, Sibiu, Tălmaciu

HH

SB

TR

10

LC

Boloria pales ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) carprathomeridionalis Crosson et Popescu-Gorj, 1963

1963

Chica Pietrilor

HH

BV

TR

3

VU

Inachis Hübner, 1819

Inachis (Aglais) io (Linnaeus, 1758)

1955-1957

Păltiniș, Sâmbata, Sibiu

HH

BV, SB

TR

4

LC

Polygonia Hübner, [1819]

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1957

Gușterița, Păltiniș, Sebeș, Sibiu, Tălmaciu

HH

AB, SB

DB, TR

13

NT

Araschnia Hübner, 1819

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1964

Gușterița, Slimnic, Sebeș, Sibiu

HH

AB, SB

TR

9

NT

Nymphalis Kluk, 1802

Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1955

Păltiniș

HH

SB

TR

3

VU

Melitaea Fabricius, 1807

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1955-1957

Cisnădioara, Gușterița, Slimnic

HH

SB

TR

3

NT

Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

1955-1962

Apoldul de Sus, Sibiu, Tălmaciu

HH

SB

TR

8

LC

Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850

1956-1965

Ocna Sibiului, Gușterița

HH

SB

TR

6

VU

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1954-1958

Apoldul de Sus, Gușterița, Sibiu, Tălmaciu

HH

SB

TR

10

NT

Limenitis Fabricius, 1807

Limenitis populi (Linnaeus, 1958)

1963-1964

Sibiu

HH

SB

TR

3

VU

Neptis Fabricius, 1807

Neptis aceris sensu Lhomme, 1924

1956-1958

Sibiu, Tălmaciu

HH

SB

TR

4

VU

Neptis lucilla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1954-1964

Sibiu, Sâmbata

HH

BV, SB

TR

5

NT

Apatura Fabricius, 1807

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1954-1964

Prejmer, Sâmbata, Tușnad

HH

BV, HR, SB

TR

3

VU

Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1958)

1954-1964

Măgura Cisnădiei, Păltiniș, Sâmbata, Tușnad

HH

BV, HR, SB

TR

8

VU

Table 5.

Rolf Weihrauch’s collection.

Genus

Species

Collection period

Collection site

Legit

County

Region

Specimens

Status

Argynnis Fabricius, 1807

Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1965-1978

Băile Herculane, Băneasa, Canaraua Fetii, Cozia, Hagieni, Iormac, Sibiu

RW

CS, CT, VL, B, SB

DB, OT, TR

15

VU

Inachis Hübner, 1819

Inachis (Aglais) io (Linnaeus, 1758)

1955-1971

Colibița, Cozia, Iormac, Praid, Sibiu, Vlădeasa

RW

BN, CT, HR, SB, VL

DB, OT, TR

9

LC

Aglais Dalman, 1816

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1977

Băile Herculane, Păltiniș, Someș, Tușnad, Vlădeasa

RW

CS, HR, SB

BT, TR, Western Carpathians

8

NT

Polygonia Hübner, [1819]

Polygonia c-аlbum (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1977

Covasna, Gârbova, Domogled, Păltiniș, Sibiu

RW

CS, CT, CV, GL, SB

DB, OT, MD, TR

16

NT

Araschnia Hübner, 1819

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1975

Băile Herculane, Covasna, Gușterița, Lugoj, Porumbacu, Tușnad, Negoi, Sibiu

RW

CS, CV, HR, SB, TM

BT, TR

31

NT

Nymphalis Kluk, 1802

Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)

1951-1970

Colibița, Cozia, Covasna, Lotru, Păltiniș

RW

BN, CV, HR, VL, SB

DB, OT, TR

10

VU

Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1971

Canaraua Fetii, Sibiu

RW

CT, SB

DB, TR

7

EN

Nymphalis xanthomelas ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1956

Domogled

RW

CS

BT

4

CR

Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1942-1970

Căprioara, Poiana Mărului

Pelits, RW, Teleki

BV, CS

BT, TR

3

CR

Euphydryas, Scudder, 1872

Euphydryas orientalis (Herrich-Schaffer, [1851]) sin. Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1922

Battnlta (?)

no data

no data

no data

2

CR

Melitaea Fabricius, 1807

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1975

Băile Herculane, Canaraua Fetii, Domogled, Găneasa, Retezat Mountain

RW

CS, CT, IF, Southern Carpathians

DB, MT

15

NT

Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1954-1978

Băile Herculane, Domogled, Hagieni, Galați

RW

CS, CT, GL, MH, GJ

BT, DB, OT, MD

24

NT

Melitaea didyma Esper, 1778

1954-1971

Băile Herculane, Domogled, Gușterița, Retezat Mountain, Sibiu, Tușnad

RW

CS, MH, GJ, SB

BT, OT, TR

18

LC

Melitaea didyma occidentalis Staudinger, 1861

1943-1962

UlrichSBerg Kärnten/Karintia

Thurner

-

AU

2

VU

Melitaea dictynna Esper, 1778 sin. Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789)]

1955-1977

Sadu, Someșu Rece

RW

CJ, SB

TR

4

VU

Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850

1952-1963

Băile Herculane

RW

CS

BT

5

VU

Melitaea britomartis Assmann, 1847

1956-1974

Băile Herculane

RW

CS

BT

6

NT

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1950-1977

Avrig, Băile Herculane, Buila Vânturarița, Hagieni, Praid, Tușnad, Valea Vinului, Gioagiu, Someșul Rece

RW

BN, CS, CJ, CT, HR, HD, VL

BT, DB, OT, TR

12

NT

Melitaea nevadensis Oberthür, 1904

1956-1967

Băile Herculane, Domogled

RW

CS, MH, GJ

BT, OT

15

NT

Limenitis Fabricius, 1807

Limenitis populi (Linnaeus, 1958)

1954-1964

Ceahlău, Hoghilag, Obreja, Tușnad

RW

CS, HR, SB

BT, TR, Eastern Carpathians

4

VU

Limenitis populi f. tremulae Esper, 1798

1964-1976

Băile Herculane, Domogled

RW

CS, MH, GJ

BT, OT

4

VU

Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764)

1954-1967

Domogle, Tușnad

RW

CS, HR, GJ, MH

BT, OT, TR

7

VU

Limenitis reducta Staudinger, 1901

1961-1971

Domogled, Miercurea Băi

RW

CS, MH, GJ, SB

BT, OT, TR

4

EN

Neptis Fabricius, 1807

Neptis sappho [Pallas, 1771]

1963-1969

Băile Herculane, Domogled, Sibiu

RW

CS, MH, GJ, SB

BT, OT, TR

6

VU

Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)

1954-1974

Gușterița, Domogled, Someș

RW

CS, CJ, GJ, MH, SB

BT, OT, TR

9

NT

Neptis lucilla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) syn. Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)]

1962-1974

Gușterița, Domogled, Someș

RW

CS, CJ, GJ, MH, SB

BT, OT, TR

9

NT

Apatura Fabricius, 1807

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1971

Canaraua Fetii

RW

CT

DB

1

VU

Apatura clytie ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1953-1963

Băile Herculane, Tușnad

RW

CS, HR

BT, TR

8

VU

Table 6.

Eckbert Schneider’s collection.

Genus

Species

Collection period

Collection site

Legit

County

Region

Specimens

Status

Libythea Fabricius, 1807

Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782)

1949

Băile Herculane

ES

CS

BT

1

EN

Argynnis Fabricius, 1807

Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1952-1978

Agnita, Lotrioara, Laita, Hamba, Mailat, Sighișoara, Sibiel, Sibiu, Zarand

ES

AR, BV, MS, SB, Western Carpathians

BT, CR, TR

13

NT

Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1954- 1979

Bestepe, Bruiu, Măcin, Hagieni, CA Rosetti, Sibiu

ES

CT, SB, TL

DB, TR

8

VU

Argynnis (Speyeria) aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)

1973-1982

Hamba, Șura Mare, Cerna, Laita, Porumbacu

ES

BV, CS, MH, GJ, SB

BT, OT, TR

7

LC

Argynnis (Fabriciana) niobe, (Linnaeus, 1758)

1952-1984

Agnita, Cisnădie, Gușterița, Tomnatic, Beja, Șura Mare, Slimnic, Sighișoara, Tălmaciu, Zarand

ES

SB, HD, MS, TM, Western Carpathians

BT, TR

16

NT

Issoria Hűbner, 1819

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1955-1967

Iortmac, Slimnic, Șiria, Sibiu, Turda

ES

AR, CJ, CT, SB

CR, DB, TR

12

LC

Brenthis Hűbner, 1819

Brentis daphne ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1956-1960

Sibiu, Zarandului Mountain

ES

Western Carpathians

TR

8

VU

Brentis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1949-1976

Agărbiciu, Buia, Bruiu, Nocrich, Făget, Cincu, Gușterița, Șeica Mare, Șura Mare, Târnava

ES

CJ, SB

TR

16

VU

Boloria Moore, 1900

Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

1955-1969

Cozia, Rodna

ES

BN, VL, Eastern Carpathians

OT, TR

4

VU

Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1955-1984

Axente Sever, Bruiu, Cincu, Cisnadie, Copșa Mică, Hamba, Podu Olt, Porumbacu, Nocrich, Chiș-Chiș, Șura Mare, Slimnic, Rusciori, Porumbacu

ES

BV, SB

TR

27

NT

Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767)

1952-1984

Agârbiciu, Avrig, Cincu, Clopotiva, Cluj Napoca, Copșa Mică, Gușterița, Făget, Hagieni, Podu Olt, Râu Vadului, Slimnic, Sibiu, Șiria, Șura Mare, Veseud

ES

AR, CJ, CT, HD, VL, SB,

CR, DB, OT, TR

36

LC

Inachis Hübner, 1819

Inachis (Aglais) io (Linnaeus, 1758)

1960-1976

Gușterința, Zarand

ES

SB, Western Carpathians

TR

2

LC

Aglais Dalman, 1816

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)

1964-1974

Hamba, Sibiu, Vrancea

ES

SB, VN

MD, TR

4

NT

Polygonia Hübner, [1819]

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

1963-1975

Brașov, Cincu, Cisnădie, Gușterița, Hamba, Rusciori

ES

BV, SB

TR

7

NT

Araschnia Hübner, 1819

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758)

1967-1981

Făgăraș, Gușterița, Podu Olt, Sighișoara, Slimnic, Veștem

ES

BV, MS, SB

TR

11

NT

Nymphalis Kluk, 1802

Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)

1953

Sibiu

ES

SB

TR

2

VU

Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)

1953-1983

Cașolț, Cornățel, Sibiu

ES

SB

TR

3

EN

Euphydryas Scudder, 1872

Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758)

1960

Chiș-Chiș

ES

4

VU

Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1960-1982

Gherdeal, Șercaia

ES

BV, VL

OT, TR

5

EN

Melitaea Fabricius, 1807

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

1954-1983

Cincu, Cornățel, Gușterița, Nocrich, Făget, Roșia, Șiria, Șura Mare, Slimnic, Sibiu, Saschiz

ES

AR, CJ, MS, SB

CR, TR

29

NT

Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1952-1975

Axente Sever, Sibiu, Viile Sibiului, Nocrich, Făget, Gușterița, Hagieni, Hamba, Clopotiva, Chiș-Chiș, Cincu, Merghindeal, Podu Olt, Zarand

ES

CT, SB

DB, TR, Southern Carpathians

44

NT

Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1970-1976

Axente Sever, Băile Herculane, Gușterița, Hagieni, Nocrich, Orlat, Sibiel, Sibiu, Slimnic, Șura Mare, Veștem

ES

CS, CT, SB

BT, DB, TR

20

NT

Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

1952-1980

Agnita, Băile Herculane, Cenade, Cornățel, Făget, Gușterița, Hamba, Lotrioara, Orlat, Orșova, Podu Olt, Șiria, Slimnic, Șeica Mare, Șura Mare, Veștem

ES

AB, AR, CS, CJ, MH, VL, SB

BT, CR, OT, TR

55

NT

Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850

1954-1984

Aiud, Axente Sever, Cenade, Clopotiva, Bruiu, Gușterița, Fărget, Moșna, Râu Vadului, Roșia, Șiria, Scărița Belioara, Nocrich, Șura Mare, Șeica Mare, Șercaia

ES

AB, AR, CJ, BV, HD, VL, SB, Western Carpathians

CR, OT, TR

55

VU

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

1954-1982

Băile Herculane, Cincu, Chiș-Chiș, Feldioara, Fărget, Gusu, Gușterița, Hamba, Mohu, Nocrich, Poplaca, Șercaia

ES

BV, CS, CJ, SB

BT, TR

23

NT

Neptis Fabricius, 1807

Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)

1974-1982

Arpășel, Făgăraș, Sibiu

ES

BV, SB

TR

8

NT

Neptis lucilla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1958-1974

Bejan, Gușterița, Șiria

ES

AR, HD, SB

CR TR

8

NT

Neptis sappho Pallas, 1771

1970-1975

Bejan, Șeica Mare, Veștem

ES

HD, SB

TR

6

VU

Apatura Fabricius, 1807

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

1968-1970

Sibiu, Șeica Mare

ES

SB

TR

2

VU

Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1958)

1959-1982

Băile Herculane, Păltiniș, Șeica Mare

ES

CS, SB

BT, TR

4

VU

Figure 1.  

Systematic representation of the six collections by genera, species and number of specimens.

Table 1

Daniel Czekelius’s collection of lepidoptera is the oldest with specimens collected between 1887 and 1934 in the regions SM and TR, Sibiu County and nearby locations. This collection consists of 14 genera and 49 species represented by a number of 271 specimens (Fig. 1) and is, thus, the most complex collection regarding the species’ biodiversity (Table 1). This collection also includes an endemic species, Melitaea retyezatica Diöszeghy, 1930 from Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775), represented by twenty-six specimens collected by László Diószeghy in the Retezat Mountains (Southern Carpathians) between 1919 and 1922. The species in this collection represent the following conservation status: 18 taxa VU- 36.,74%, 18 taxa NT- 36.74%, six tax LC- 12.24%, four taxa EN-8.16%, two taxa CR-4.08% and one endemic taxon, 2.04%.

Eugen Worell’s collection consists of 394 specimens of 11 genera and 42 species collected between 1888 and 1959 (Fig. 1). The species originate from Romania’s five regions (BT, DB, OT, MD, MT and TR) and other European countries (Austria, Croatia, Germany, the Republic of Moldova and Switzerland). The oldest specimen is the Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758) species and was collected in 1888. The collectors listed on the labels are Eugen Worell, Daniel Czekelius, László Diószeghy and Alexei Alexinschi. Considering their conservation status, these species are grouped as following: one species EX-2.38%, Polygonia egea (Cramer, 1775), from the site Pula, Istria, Croația, one species CR-2.38%, three species EN-7.15%, 19 species VU-45.23%, 15 species NT-35.71% and three species LC-7.15% (Table 2).

Viktor Weindel’s collection contains 385 specimens of 14 genera and 40 species of butterflies of the nymphalid family (Fig. 1). They were collected in OT and TR regions between 1903 and 1958, from various sites in Sibiu County and the Făgăraș Mountains. The oldest specimen Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758) was collected in 1903. The collection also contains an endemic species, Boloria pales ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) carpathomeridionalis Crosson et Popescu-Gorj, 1963 that was collected in the Făgăraș Mountains. Viktor Weindel is the collector listed on the labels. The endangerment level of the specimens is the following: two species CR-5%, three species EN-7.5%, 15 species VU-37.5%, 15 species NT-37.5% and five species LC-12.5% (Table 3).

The fewest specimens are found in Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim’s collection consisting of 117 specimens distributed in 11 genera and 19 species (Fig. 1). The oldest specimen is Brentis hecates ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) collected in 1928. The species were collected in BT, DB and TR and were determined by the collector himself whose name can be found on all labels. Conservation status is as follows: nine species VU-47.37%, six species NT-31.58% and four species LC-21.05% (Table 4).

Rolf Weihrauch’s collection contains 258 specimens distributed in 11 genera and 28 species (Figure 1) collected from 1922 to 1978. The oldest specimen is Euphydryas orientalis (Herrich-Schaffer, [1851]) sin. Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) collected in 1922. The information on the labels is unreadable. The species were collected in BT, DB, OT, MD, MT and TR from the Southern Carpathians, as well as in Austria. All species were determined by the collector whose name appears on all labels. The analysis of their endangerment level is as follows: three taxa CR-10.7%, two taxa EN-7.14%, 11 taxa VU-39.28%, 10 taxa NT-35.73% and two taxa LC-7.14% (Table 5).

The newest is Eckbert Schneider’s collection. It contains 440 specimens of 14 genera and 30 species (Fig. 1) collected between 1949 and 1984 in BT, CR, DB, OT, MD and TR, as well as the Western Carpathians. The oldest specimen was collected in 1949 and is the only Lybitea celsis (Laicharting, 1782) species held by the Museum. The endangerment level of the collection’s specimens is as follows: three specimens EN-10%, 10 specimens VU-33.33%, 12 specimens NT-40% and five specimens LC-16.67% (Table 6).

We present data pertaining to genus diversity, species and existing specimen number present in each collection (Fig. 1). The oldest collection (DC) displays the highest diversity of species. This collection contains 14 genera and 49 species. It is followed in chronological order by EW with 42 species and VW with 40, confirming that, at that time, natural scientists were interested in learning more about and studying the biodiversity of butterflies in SB, the neighbouring localities, as well as in other TR sites and Romanian regions. The species from the more recent collections (HH and RW) contain a lesser number of genera and species, but include more specimens from the DB region. The newest collection (ES) re-confirms the presence of 30 butterfly species of the Nymphalid family captured in six Romanian regions (TR, BT, CR, MD, DB and OT) that are also represented by the largest number of collected specimens.

To facilitate national and international comparison, we present data referring to the distribution of species onsidering the IUCN conservation categories in Fig. 2 (Rákosy 2013, Rakosy and Goia 2021), revealing that the majority of the species of all six collections are potentially endangered taxa (NT) followed by non-endangered (LC), vulnerable (VU), critically endangered (EN) extinct (EX) and endemic taxa.

Figure 2.  

The distribution of species from the collections by IUCN categories.

We also present the percentages of the Nymphalid family’s sozological categories in (Fig. 3). The highest value (52.30%) pertains to potentially endangered taxa, followed by critically endangered (26.23%), non-endangered (14.80), endangered (4.59%), vulnerable 1.18%, as well as extinct (0.16%) taxa.

Figure 3.  

Nymphalid species and their evaluation based on Romania’s Red List (Rákosy et al. 2021, Rakosy and Goia 2021).

By synthesising the data referring to the six lepidoptera collections (DC, EW, VW, RW, HH and ES), we identified 157 sites where the butterflies of the nymphalid family were collected between 1887 and 1984. The species were collected in all of Romania’s eight regions, from 23 counties and the capital of Bucharest, i.e. on 56.1% of Romania’s territory. I designed a map based on these data that reflects the distribution of species in eight regions whose counties are listed by collector: (1-DC), seven counties, BN, BV, CJ, CV, HR, MS, SB, all in the TR and SM regions, (2-EW), nine counties, BV, CS, CT, GL, GJ, IF, MS, VL, SB, from five of Romania’s regions: BT, DB, OT, MD si TR; (3-VW), seven counties, AB, BN, BV, HR, NT, VL, SB, from three regions: MD, OT, and TR; (4-RW), 16 counties, BN, BV, CJ, CS, CT, CV, GL, GJ, HR, HD, IF, MH, VL, SB, TM and Bucharest, from six of Romania’s regions: BT, DB, MD, MT, OT, TR and Bucharest; (5-HH), six counties, AB, BV, CS, CJ, HR, SB, from two of Romania’s regions: BT and TR; (6-ES), 16 counties, AB, AR, BN, BV, CS, CJ, CT, GJ, HD, MH, MS, VL, SB, TM, TL, VN, from six of Romania’s regions: BT, CR, DB, OT, MD, TR (Fig. 4).

Figure 4.  

Geographical representation of Romania and the sites of collectors (red bullet - represents RW, blue bullet - represents HH, yellow bullet - represents DC, brown bullet - represents VW, green bullet - represents ES and pink bullet - represents EW).

The species collected in other European countries (Austria, Croatia, Switzerland, Germany, the Republic of Moldova and Serbia) were also graphically represented in Fig. 5.

Figure 5.  

The species collected in other European countries are graphically represented.

Conclusions

Romania’s territory has a surface of 237,500 km2 that comprises a variety of geographic forms, from Alpine meadows to the Danube Delta’s hydrological profile. They are populated by a diverse fauna of lepidoptera containing over 200 diurnal butterfly species. Romania’s South, especially the South-East and South-West (BT and DB) is the region with the highest diversity of lepidoptera in the country (Szèkely 2008) and, at the same time, the northern limit of the distribution of their Balkan species in Europe (Ștefanescu et al. 2013, Wildman et al. 2022). The Danube’s gorge connects the Carpathian and Balkan Mountains. This geological formation has facilitated the entry of Balkan-type mountainous-subalpine elements into Romania, as far as the Retezat Mountains, for instance Melitaea retyezatica Diöszeghy, 1930. Given that the Carpathian Mountains do not exceed 2,500 m in height, their butterfly fauna is characterised mostly by subalpine, boreo-alpine and boreo-montane species (Szèkely 2008). Most endemic species have formed in the isolated, high regions of the Carpathian Mountains. They were analysed and included in the collections as follows: Melitaea retyezatica Diöszeghy, 1930, Argynnis pandora dacica Hormuzaki, 1892 and Boloria pales ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) carpathomeridionalis Crosson et Popescu-Gorj, 1963. The Romanian Catalogue of Lepidoptera records the presence of 90 species of which the Nymphalids are distributed as follows: BT (78 species), CR (60 species), TR (78 species), SM (66 species), OT (73 species), MT (77 species), MD (68 species) and DB (62 species) (Rakosy and Goia 2021). I have identified 49 species in the collections, which represent 54.44% of the species in Romania’s fauna. These species are distributed by counties as follows: BT with the counties (CS and TM); CR (AR); DB (CT and TL), MD (GL, NT, and VR); MT (IF); OT (GJ, MH, and VL); SM (SM), TR (AB, BN, BV, CV, CJ, HR, HD, MS, SB) and the capital Bucharest. Based on synthesising the collection data and on previously published data on species of this family (Stancă-Moise 2022), the present article presents 16 genera and 1966 specimens of the Nymphalid family collected in Romania since 137 years ago.

The article illustrates the biodiversity of the nymphalid family and their historical evolution in Romania and Europe, thus bringing an important historical, scientific and biogeographic "Council Directive (1992)" contribution to the study of butterflies. With the earliest data from 1887, my research complements current research on the presence, diversity and distribution of the nymphalid family in Romania until 1984. Alongside other rare, extinct or endangered species, the presence of nymphalid species with various endangerment levels in the patrimony of the Natural History Museum Sibiu enhances the scientific value of the museum’s collections and confirms their significance for ascertaining the biodiversity and distribution of the species throughout time. Future research will include digitising the Museum’s butterfly collection to facilitate the access to the collected specimens for specialists searching for historical data on the species.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Dr. Carmen Stănescu who accompanied me during the documentation and study of the collections in the period 1997-2022 and who helped me in deciphering the labels and obtaining these data. We thank all the reviewers for their valuable suggestions for the scientific improvement of this article.

References

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