A review of the subfamily Acaenitinae Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Ukrainian Carpathians

Abstract Ichneumonid wasps of the subfamily Acaenitinae Förster, 1869 are reviewed for the first time from the Ukrainian Carpathians. Two species, Coleocentrus exareolatus Kriechbaumer, 1894 and Coleocentrus heteropus Thomson, 1894 are new records for Ukraine. Arotes annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 is considered to be a junior synonym of Arotes albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829 (syn. nov.). A key to species of Coleocentrus of the Carpathians is provided.


Introduction
The subfamily Acaenitinae Förster, 1869 worldwide includes about 344 species placed in 27 genera, 8 genera and 42 species of which are found in the Western Palaearctic (Yu et al. 2012). trochantelli almost black, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi ventrally, apex of fore and mid femora, base of hind femur and tibia and tarsomeres 2-5 of hind tarsus white.
Male. Coloration as in female, but differs by face, tegula entirely andpedicel partly yellow. Flagellum yellow ventrally, without white ring. First and second tergites with wide apical light stripes (Fig. 1d).

Taxon discussion
The main distinguishing characters, between A. albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829 and A. annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894, given by various authors are the coloration of the first and second tergites of metasoma, which are entirely black in A. annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and light-coloured posteriorly in A. albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829, and pterostigma, which is reddish centrally in A. annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and entirely fuscous in A. albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Kolarov (1997 and Constantineanu and Pisica (1977) gave another character, the length of ovipositor sheaths, which are slightly shorter than body in A. annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and as long as the body in A. albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829.
My examination of the holotype of A. annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894, which is deposited at HNHM, demonstrated that the first and the second tergites have lightcoloured (though very weak) posterior margins. The three of metioned above females (collected in the same locality) have first and second tergites varies from entirely black to white-striped. The coloration of the pterostigma is also varies in the studied specimens: from yellowish-brown centrally with fuscous margins to entirely fuscous. The ovipositorial sheaths are as long as the body in the specimens with black tergites, so no evident differences between the two species, A. annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and A. albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829, may be found. A. annulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 is therefore a junior synonym (syn. nov.).

Notes
The another European species, A. ustulatus Kriechbaumer, 1894, differs from A. albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829 in coloration of legs (which are red except coxae) and in the possession of a fuscous spot on the apex of the fore wing.

Diagnosis
This genus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: clypeus transverse and basally flat, apex with median tubercle, supra-antennal area without crest between antennal sockets, epicnemial carina absent, propodeum with carinae Male. Head and mesosoma black. Face and clypeus black. Mandibles black. Flagellum black. Scape and pedicel yellow dorsally. Pterostigma yellowish. Tegula yellow. Legs: hind coxa red, fore and mid coxae, trochanters and trochantelli, tibiae and fore tarsus yellow, fore and mid femora, hind trochanter and trochantellus yellowish-red, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous. Metasoma black with narrow apical white bands on tergites.

Notes
The female of another European species with fore wing without areolet, C. soldanskii Bischoff, 1915, has black coxae and two yellow spots on the lower part of face.

Description
General features: Fore wing 18-20 mm long (in female) and 13-14 mm long (in male), areolet present. Nervellus broken at upper 0.25. Mandible with equal teeth or lower tooth slightly longer than upper tooth. Flagellum with 39-40 segments (in female) and 40-44 segments (in male). Head polished, sparsely punctate. In dorsal view temples slighty narrowed to slighty widened behind eyes. Mesopleuron densely rugulo-punctate (in female) or with unclear punctation (in male). Propodeum with weak longitudinal carinae over about 0.6-0.7 of its length (in male) or only with weak traces of dorsal longitudinal carinae (in female). Metasoma polished, without well defined punctation. OTI 2.6-2.8.

Notes
The female of C. croceicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) is similar to this species, but has yellow flagellum with black base and entirely reddish hind legs. The male of C. excitator (Poda, 1761) is similar to the male of C. soleatus (Gravenhorst, 1829), but the last one has red with black coloration hind trochanters and trochantelli, entirely yellow face and only tarsomeres 3-5 of hind tarsus entirely white.

Description
General features: Fore wing 14-15 mm long (in female) and 9-13 mm long (in male), areolet present. Nervellus broken at upper 0.25. Mandible with equal teeth. Flagellum with 33 segments (in female) to 38 segments (in male). Head polished, without well definded punctation. In dorsal view temples parallel to slighty widened behind eyes. Mesopleuron densely rugulo-punctate. Propodeum only with weak traces of area apicalis or without carinae. Metasoma matt, without well defined punctation. OTI 2.5.
Female. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Face black with two small yellow spots or almost black. Clypeus from reddish to dark-brownish. Mandible black. Flagellum almost black. Pterostigma brownish with fuscous margins. Tegula redyellowish. Legs generally red, all coxae from at least black basally (holotype). to black with only red apex, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous.

Notes
The female of C. caligatus Gravenhorst, 1829 is similar to this species, but has entirely red hind coxae and more developed carinae of the propodeum. Male of C. heteropus Thomson, 1894 is similar to C. croceicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829), but the last one has reddish pterostigma and yellow flagellum (with dark base).

Description
General features: Fore wing 11 mm long (in female) and 12 mm long (in male), areolet present. Nervellus broken at upper 0.25. Mandible with equal teeth. Flagellum with 31 segments (in female) and 33 segments (in male). Head polished, without well definded punctation. In dorsal view temples narrowed behind eyes. Mesopleuron weakly (in female) or densely (in male) rugulo-punctate. Propodeum with very weak longitudinal carinae over its entire length (in male) or only with weak traces of dorsal longitudinal carinae (in female). Metasoma mat (in female) or polished (in male), without well defined punctation. OTI 1.8.

Diagnosis
This genus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: clypeus transverse and basally flat, apex with median tubercle, supra-antennal area with crest between antennal sockets, notauli strong, hing femora very thick claws of fore and mid tarsi with appressed acute tooth near apex, fore wing with areolet absent, intercubitus basal to vein 2m-cu.

Description
General features: Female. Fore wing 8 mm long. Nervellus broken at upper third. Mandible with upper tooth a little longer than lower tooth. Flagellum with 23 segments. Head strongly rugulo-punctate. In dorsal view temples narrowed behind eyes. Malar space with subocular groove. Mesopleuron polished, densely and clearly punctate. Head and mesosoma black. Clypeus and mandibles black. Flagellum red-brown, scape and pedicel black. Pterostigma fuscous. Legs: all coxae black, trochanters red and trochantelli, hind femur and basal half of first tergite black, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous, fore and mid femora, tibiae, tarsi and metasoma red.