Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic paper
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The high alpine bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Zillertal Alps, Austria
Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Gilberto M. M. Santos
Received: 20 May 2014 | Accepted: 20 Jun 2014 | Published: 23 Jun 2014
© 2014 Silas Bossert
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Bossert S (2014) The high alpine bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Zillertal Alps, Austria. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1115. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1115
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Bees from the Zemmgrund area in the Zillertal Alps (Austria, Tyrol) were collected and determined to investigate the species composition of the area. A total of 61 specimens were collected over a two year period; they represent 24 species from 8 genera. Building on these records, the first commented checklist for the area is presented, with notes on habitats and visited flowers.
Tyrol, Zemmgrund Area, faunistic records, flower visits, Bombus lucorum complex, Nomada glabella
Faunistic research on bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in Tyrol enjoys a long tradition. Its foundations were laid by the great works of Dalla Torre (e.g.
Collections were conducted near the Berliner Hütte in three periods: July 4-10, 2012, July 3-9, 2013 and August 6-10, 2013. The focus within the area was on bees around and above the Berliner Hütte which is located on 2042 m above sea level. All sighted wild bees were collected manually and were transfered into an ethyl acetate killing jar. The majority of specimens were collected between an altitudinal range of 1850 m to 2400 m a.s.l. Four specimens were collected at lower altitudes as accidental findings during ascent and descent. GPS coordinates and altitudes were logged. The habitat of each collection site was categorized. Determinations were conducted using the identification keys of Amiet (
One collected specimen belongs to a cryptic bumblebee species group, the so-called Bombus lucorum complex. The status of three distinct species within the complex is widely accepted today (
The climate map of the study area (Fig.
A temperature-based climate map of the study area and its localization in Austria. The map shows the mean annual air temperature for the period 1971 – 2000 with linearized color interpolation and is based on the data of
The microscope images were created using a SMZ25 stereomicroscope and a DS-Ri1 U3 microscope camera (Nikon Corp., Tokyo, Japan).
The Zemmgrund is a valley located in the Zillertal Alps in Tyrol (Fig.
The species occurs in the western European Alps and is strictly restricted to high-lying habitats (
A species with boreal-alpine distribution (
The species is oligolectic on Ericaceae (
According to
Only few records of A. rogenhoferi have been reported so far (
The species is distributed in great parts of Europe and Asia (
According to
A. ruficrus is a rare species and
The species is strictly restricted to the European Alps (
The males of P. montanus can easily be determined with the key from
The “cf.” status of the females is discussed below.
The species is distributed throughout the whole Palaearctic (
L. alpigenum is an alpine species with the main distribution in the European Alps (
Western Palaeartic (
Western Palaearctic (
D. alpina occurs in the Pyrenees and in the European Alps. Further it has been reported from the Balkan Peninsula (
Together with P. montanus, D. alpina was probably the most common solitary bee species during the investigation period. Especially the males can easily be recognized since they often take shelter in flowers as mentioned in
The specis has an altimontane distribution in the western and central Palaearctic (
O. inermis was reported to be a boreal-alpine species, distributed throughout the Holarctic (
Central Europe (
Northern, western and central Europe (
Following host species are mentioned in
B. bohemicus has an Euro-Siberian distribution (
According to
The species seems to have a boreal distribution in great parts of the Palaearctic and even reaches western North America (
The specimen belongs to a cryptic species complex consisting of B. cryptarum, B. lucorum and B. magnus but could positively be determined as B. cryptarum with the analyses of the nucleotide sequence of the COI gene. For details, see the discussion.
The species occurs in the Pyrenees, European Alps and on the Balkan Peninsula (
B. gerstaeckeri is an oligolectic species and feeds on Aconitum spp. (
Palaearctic (
Palaearctic (
Palaearctic (
Palaearctic (
Palaearctic (
Palaearctic (
In total, 61 specimens were collected, representing 24 species from 8 genera. The list of bumblebee species provided in
With increasing altitude, the climatic conditions in alpine environments become more extreme (
Some species determinations must be discussed: Since females from P. montanus cannot be separated from females of the closely related Panurginus sericatus Warncke, 1972 with the key of
Another species with difficult determination is Bombus cryptarum. An identification based on the characteristic color patterns of queens was shown to be unreliable (
As with many species of the genus, Nomada panzeri shows a great variation in color and size (
I would like to thank J. Plant, B.A. Gereben-Krenn and H.W. Krenn for their helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Thanks go also to Thomas Schwaha for technical support with the microscope imaging and to Gabriela Gorgon for providing the photographs. Parts of this work were supported by the Naturpark Kaunergrat, the Hochgebirgs-Naturpark Zillertaler Alpen, the Alpenpark Karwendel and the Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung Abteilung Umweltschutz, Naturschutzförderungen.
The list provides the plant species on which flower visits by bees could be observed during this study. Additionally, the respective flower visiting bee species are listed.
The fasta file contains the partial cds of the COI gene from the Bombus cryptarum voucher investigated in this study.