Study sites

Tree census

Species identification

Soil sampling and analysis

Measurements of environmental properties

Statistical analyses

Differences in environmental and soil properties

Differences in forest structure (abundance, tree density, stem diameter, basal area and size class distributions)

Differences in species richness and diversity

Variation in tree communities in relation to habitat variables

Limited differences in environmental and soil properties between Bukit Sawat and Badas

Forest structure variation between Bukit Sawat and Badas

Contrasting tree species richness and diversity between sites

Distinct tree communities and the influence of habitat variables

Conservation implications

Limitations and future research