Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea

Mattias Forshage; Jeremy Bowdrey; Gavin Broad; Brian Spooner; Frank van Veen

doi:10.3897/BDJ.5.e8049

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic Paper

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Taxonomic Paper

Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea

Mattias Forshage^‡, Jeremy Bowdrey^§, Gavin R. Broad^|, Brian M. Spooner^¶, Frank van Veen^#

‡ Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden

§ Colchester and Ipswich Museums, Colchester, United Kingdom

| The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

¶ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom

# University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom

Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad (g.broad@nhm.ac.uk)

Academic editor: Pavel Stoev

Received: 05 Feb 2016 | Accepted: 06 Mar 2017 | Published: 09 Mar 2017

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Forshage M, Bowdrey J, Broad G, Spooner B, van Veen F (2017) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e8049. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e8049

Abstract

Background

The British and Irish checklist of Cynipoidea is revised, considerably updating the last complete checklist published in 1978. Disregarding uncertain identifications, 220 species are now known from Britain and Ireland, comprising 91 Cynipidae (including two established non-natives), 127 Figitidae and two Ibaliidae.

New information

One replacement name is proposed, Kleidotoma thomsoni Forshage, for the secondary homonym Kleidotoma tetratoma Thomson, 1861 (nec K. tetratoma (Hartig, 1841)).

Introduction

This paper continues the series of updated British and Irish Hymenoptera checklists that started with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b), Liston et al. (2014) and with an introduction by Broad (2014). This represents the first complete update of the British list since 1978 (Fitton et al. 1978).

The Cynipoidea is a rather diverse superfamily of three British families (the Austrocynipidae and Liopteridae are entirely extralimital). The Figitidae and Ibaliidae comprise koinobiont endoparasitoids of other insects whereas the Cynipidae are gall-formers, or inquilines of gall-formers. A summary of cynipoid biology can be found in Gauld and Bolton (1988). Briefly, many Figitidae are parasitoids of Diptera larvae although the Charipinae are hyperparasitoids of primary parasitoids in aphids and some other Homoptera and the Anacharitinae are parasitoids of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera); the small family Ibaliidae are specialised parasitoids of Siricidae larvae; and the Cynipidae are entirely phytophagous, most conspicuously as gall-formers of oaks (Quercus) but with numerous species galling other Rosaceae (and a few other plants) and the tribe Synergini are inquilines of other cynipid galls. A few representative Cynipoidea are illustrated in Figs 1, 2, 3.

Figure 1.

Representative British Cynipidae

a: Andricus quercuscorticis (Linnaeus), agamic female (J.P. Bowdrey)
b: Biorhiza pallida (Olivier), sexual females on their gall (J.P. Bowdrey)
c: Synergus thaumacerus (Dalman) male (courtesy of E. Klimsa)

Figure 2.

Representative British Cynipidae.

a: Male Synergus sp. (J. Bowdrey).
b: Ovipositing female Neuroterus anthracinus (Curtis) (J. Bowdrey).

Figure 3.

Representative British Figitidae

a: Anacharis eucharoides (Dalman) (Anacharitinae), female (courtesy of E. Klimsa)
b: Callaspidia defonscolombei Dalman (Aspicerinae) female ovipositing in Syrphidae larva (courtest of B. Williams)
c: Trybliographa sp. (Eucoilinae), female (courtesy of E. Klimsa)
d: Amphitectus areolatus (Hartig) (Figitinae), female (courtesy of E. Klimsa)

The British Cynipidae checklist was updated comparatively recently (Spooner and Bowdrey 2000) and Irish checklists were published by O'Connor and Nash (1998), O'Connor et al. (2003), O'Connor (2004), O'Connor et al. (2009) and O'Connor et al. (2009). Our knowledge of the figitid fauna is still far from perfect but recent work by M. Forshage on the European Eucoilinae and a catalogue of Charipinae (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b plus updated synonymy in several other papers) have been timely. MF has sorted and identified the BMNH collections of British Eucoilinae, adding many new species and distribution records. In contrast to the rather neglected Figitidae and Ibaliidae, gall wasps (Cynipidae) have received a certain amount of attention over the years and are studied and recorded under the auspices of the British Plant Gall Society. The numbers of valid, certainly identified Cynipoidea are listed by family and country in Table 1. The total fauna has increased by 9% since the last checklist (Quinlan 1978b). This rather small increase can be explained by the substantial increase in taxonomic work in recent years, resulting in synonymy and corrected identifications nearly keeping pace with new discoveries.

Table 1.

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Numbers of conﬁrmed British and Irish Cynipoidea broken down by family and country, with numbers from the 1978 checklist (Quinlan 1978b) for comparison. Totals do not include uncertain identiﬁcations.

family	total valid species 1978	total valid species 2017	England	Scotland	Wales	Ireland	Isle of Man
Cynipidae	78 [inc. 1 introduced]	91 [inc. 2 introduced]	87	49	56	48	13
Figitidae	123	127	111	44	30	50	1
Ibaliidae	1	2	2	1	0	0	0
	202	220	200	94	86	98	14

Materials and methods

We reference all additions to and deletions from the 1978 British list (Quinlan 1978a) and record country-level distribution within the British Isles, i.e. England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland (as one unit) and the Isle of Man. A more complete introduction to the methods and rationale behind this checklist series can be found in Broad (2014).

Because the agamic and sexual generations of cynipids are sometimes referred to by different names, these are differentiated in the checklist. The following conventions and abbreviations are used:

[species] taxon deleted from the British and Irish list and nomina dubia

BMNH Natural History Museum, London

# known introductions occurring only under artificial conditions or established in the wild

? status (including uncertain synonymy) or identification in the British Isles uncertain

misident. has been misidentified as this name

nom. dub. nomen dubium, a name of doubtful status

nom. ob. nomen oblitum, ‘forgotten name’, does not have priority over a younger name

nom. nov. nomen novum, a replacement name

nom. nud. nomen nudum, an unavailable name, with no type specimen

preocc. name preoccupied (junior homonym)

stat. rev. status revocatus, revived status (e.g. raised from synonymy)

unavailable name unavailable under provisions of the zoological code

var. variety, only available as a valid name under certain provisions of the zoological code

f. form, only available as a valid name under certain provisions of the zoological code

-a- name based on agamic (asexual) generation (used in Cynipidae)

-s- name based on sexual generation (used in Cynipidae)

Distribution data for Cynipidae are mainly derived by JPB from published sources, but thanks are due to the following for supplying additional data: Janet Boyd, Records Data Manager, British Plant Gall Society; Adrian Fowles, Countryside Council for Wales; Kate Hawkins, Manx Natural Heritage; David Notton, BMNH; Mark Pavett, National Museum of Wales (all pers. comm.). Distribution data for Figitidae and Ibaliidae are mainly from BMNH and cited published sources.

Word document and Excel spreadsheet versions of the checklist are available as supplementary files: Suppl. materials 1, 2.

Cynipidae

Family Cynipidae Latreille, 1802

Notes:

Liljeblad and Ronquist (1998), Ronquist (1999) and Ronquist et al. (2015) employed a series of monophyletic tribes, in the absence of strong evidence for relationships above this level. Synonymy for Cynipidae includes all names that have appeared in the British literature but does not necessarily include all Palaearctic names proposed as varieties or forms. For complete synonymy please see Melika (2006a) and Melika (2006b), also Nieves-Aldrey (2001). It should be borne in mind that future molecular studies may change our understanding of some species concepts and their alternating generations.

Tribe Aulacideini Nieves-Aldrey, 1994

Notes:

The availability of the name Aulacideini has been questioned and is currently being looked into. This will possibly only be solved by the ICZN.

Genus Aulacidea Ashmead, 1897

Nomenclature:

PSEUDAULAX Ashmead,1903

Notes:

Species of Aulacidea removed from the British and Irish list:

[andrei (Kieffer, 1900, Aulax)] Added by Bagnall (1931) from the gall. Discussed by Bowdrey (1999), who concluded that this record was in error.

Aulacidea follioti Barbotin, 1972

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Bowdrey (1994).

Aulacidea hieracii (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomenclature:

Cynips hieracii Linnaeus, 1758

sabaudi (Hartig, 1840, Aylax)

graminis (Cameron, 1875, Aulax)

artemisiae (Thomson, 1877, Aylax)

crassinervis (Thomson, 1877, Aylax)

foveigera (Thomson, 1877, Aylax)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales

Aulacidea nibletti Quinlan & Askew, 1969

Distribution:

Scotland

Aulacidea pilosellae (Kieffer, 1901)

Nomenclature:

Aulax pilosellae Kieffer, 1901

Distribution:

England

Aulacidea subterminalis Niblett, 1946

Distribution:

England

Aulacidea tragopogonis (Thomson, 1877)

Nomenclature:

Aulax tragopogonis Thomson, 1877

pigeoti (Kieffer, 1898, Aulax)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

A. pigeoti, added by Bagnall and Harrison (1930) on the basis of galls only (root collar of Tragopogon porrifolius), was synonymised by Eady and Quinlan (1963) with tragopogonis but erroneously so with hieracii in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004) (Nieves-Aldrey, pers. comm.).

Genus Isocolus Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

EUBOTHRUS Förster, 1869

Isocolus fitchi (Kieffer, 1898)

Nomenclature:

Aulax fitchi Kieffer, 1898

Distribution:

England

Isocolus jaceae (Schenck, 1863)

Nomenclature:

Aulax jaceae Schenck, 1863

affinis (Schenck, 1863, Aylax)

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud, 1859)

Nomenclature:

Diastrophus scabiosae Giraud, 1859

areolatus (Giraud, 1859, Diastrophus)

centaureae (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

rogenhoferi Wachtl, 1880

Distribution:

England

Notes:

rogenhoferi: galls bracts of Centaurea scabiosa, but not now considered to be a distinct species (Nieves-Aldrey 1994).

Genus Liposthenes Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

LIPOSTHENUS misspelling

Liposthenes glechomae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomenclature:

Cynips glechomae Linnaeus, 1758

latreillei (Kieffer, 1898, Aulax)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man

Tribe Aylacini Ashmead, 1903

Genus Aylax Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

AULAX Hartig, 1843

Aylax minor Hartig, 1840

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Aylax papaveris (Perris, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Diplolepis papaveris Perris, 1840

rhoeadis (Bouché, 1834, Cynips)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales

Tribe Ceroptresini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Genus Ceroptres Hartig, 1840

Ceroptres cerri Mayr, 1873

Nomenclature:

Ceroptres cerriphilus Giraud, 1911

vitripennis Giraud, 1911

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Jennings Jennings (2016).

Ceroptres clavicornis Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

socialis Hartig, 1840

arator Hartig, 1841

melanonerus Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Tribe Cynipini Latreille, 1802[4]

Notes:

Generic classification of oak-associated Cynipini follows Melika and Abrahamson (2002). As sexual and agamic generations have often been described under different names, those based on agamic generation are denoted by the suffix '-a-', those based on the sexual generation by '-s-'.

Genus Andricus Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

APHILOTHRIX Förster, 1869

LIODORA Förster, 1869

MANDERSTJERNIA Radoszkowski, 1866

TRICHOTERAS Ashmead, 1897

PARANDRICUS Kieffer, 1906

ADLERIA Rohwer & Fagan, 1917

EUSCHMITZIA Dettmer, 1925

ONCASPIS Dettmer, 1925

DROS Kinsey,1937

DRUON Kinsey, 1937

FERON Kinsey, 1937

CONOBIOS Kinsey, 1938

Notes:

Species of Andricus removed from the British and Irish list:

[clementinus (Giraud, 1859, Cynips) -a-] Added by Cameron (1893) from the gall only. An agamic female in the Morley collection at Ipswich Museum is quercusradicis. No recent records.

[gallaetinctoriae (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-, syn. tinctoria (Hartig, 1843, Cynips) -a-] Niblett et al. (1932) (following Houard) state that this species was accidentally introduced in the 19th Century on Quercus aegilops, and never established.

[gallaeurniformis (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis) -a-, syn. sufflator Mayr, 1882 -s-] First recorded from old galls by Bagnall and Harrison (1918). Sexual generation also included by Eady and Quinlan (1963), doubtfully British, no confirmed records.

[quercustozae (Bosc, 1792, Cynips) -a-] Added by Eady and Quinlan (1967) on the basis of a single gall found on a road at Kew. No further records.

[trotteri Kieffer, 1898 -a-] Added by Bagnall and Harrison (1918) from the gall only. No further records and rejected as British by Eady and Quinlan (1963).

Andricus amenti Giraud, 1859 -s-

Nomenclature:

callidoma (Giraud, 1859, Cynips) preocc. -a-

giraudianus Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910 -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Notes:

Sexual generation catkin galls first recorded by Traill (1873). The asexual generation, described as giraudianus Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910, has not been recorded in Britain.

Andricus aries (Giraud, 1859) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips aries Giraud, 1859

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

Added by Leach (1999). First recorded from the agamic generation, the sexual generation was reported by Walker (2001b).

Andricus callidoma (Hartig, 1841) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips callidoma Hartig, 1841

cirratus Adler, 1881 -s-

giraudi Wachtl, 1882 -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus corruptrix (Schlechtendal, 1870) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips corruptrix Schlechtendal, 1870

ambigua (Trotter, 1899, Cynips) -a-

corruptrix f. elianae Melika, Csóka & Pujade-Villar, 2000 nom. nud. -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Notes:

Cynips ambigua was placed by Bellido et al. (2005) in synonymy with corruptrix but previously regarded as a distinct species (Melika et al. 2000). Agamic generation reported by Harrison (1930) from Co. Durham and Forfarshire. The sexual generation was described as forma elianae. Form larshemi Leeuwen and Dekhuijzen-Maasland (1958), was described as the sexual generation of corruptrix but is now believed to be improprius Bellido & Pujade-Villar, 2004, fide Folliot et al. (2004), who also produced the true sexual generation of corruptrix experimentally.

Andricus ? cryptobius Wachtl, 1880 -s-

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Bowdrey (2015); an adult female was identified as this species by G. Melika with the proviso that it might be the sexual generation of a morphologically undescribed species known from DNA sequencing.

Andricus curvator Hartig, 1840 -s-

Nomenclature:

axillaris (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -s-

collaris (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

roeselii (Dahlbom, 1842, Cynips) (nom. nud.) -s-

dimidiatus (Schenck, 1863, Spathegaster) -s-

fasciatus Schenck, 1863 -a-

perfoliatus Schenck, 1863 -s-

sulcata (Förster, 1869, Liodora) -s-

fasciata (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

tegmentorum (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus foecundatrix (Hartig, 1840) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips foecundatrix Hartig, 1840

fecundator misspelling

quercusgemmae (Linnaeus, 1758, Cynips)

gemmarum Lacaze-Duthiers, 1853 -a-

gemmae (Schenck, 1863, Cynips) -a

pilosus Adler, 1881 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus gemmeus (Giraud, 1859) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips gemmea Giraud, 1859

kirschbergi (Wachtl, 1876, Aphilothrix) -a-

gemmae Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910 -a-

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Bowdrey (2009). Previously reported by Ormerod (see Cameron 1893), but reportedly as a leaf gall, so the record is suspect.

Andricus ? gemmicola Kieffer, 1901

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Gall recorded by Bagnall and Harrison (1919) and adult male possibly of this species by Eady and Quinlan (1963). Only the sexual generation is known, inducing bud galls of Quercus robur, collected in France (Dalla Torre and Kieffer 1910). Bagnall and Harrison (1918) mentioned this species from Great Britain but this record requires confirmation (Eady and Quinlan 1963). A species of uncertain status, type probably lost.

Andricus glandulae (Hartig, 1840) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips glandulae Hartig, 1840

xanthopsis Schlechtendal, 1884 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Andricus grossulariae Giraud, 1859 -s-

Nomenclature:

mayri (Wachtl, 1879, Aphilothrix) -a-

panteli Kieffer, 1896 -a-

gemellus Belizin & Maisuradze, 1961 -s-

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Walker (2001a). Rearing experiments by Walker (2002) confirmed grossulariae to represent the sexual generation of a lifecycle also involving the asexual generation galls known as mayri/ panteli, a pairing also indicated by DNA sequence data (Stone et al. 2008).

Andricus inflator Hartig, 1840 -s-

Nomenclature:

globuli (Hartig, 1841, Cynips) -s-

inflatioides Belizin & Maisuradze, 1962 -?-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

# Andricus kollari (Hartig, 1843) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips kollari Hartig, 1843

lignicola auctt. misident.

quercusgemmae (Christ, 1791, Cynips) preocc. -a-

circulans Mayr, 1870 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Notes:

Nineteenth Century introduction (Adler and Stratton 1894; Niblett et al. 1932).

Andricus legitimus Wiebes-Rijks, 1980 -a-

Distribution:

England

Andricus lignicolus (Hartig, 1840) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips lignicola Hartig, 1840

var. vanheurni van Leeuwen & Dekhuizen-Maasland, 1958 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus lucidus (Hartig, 1843) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips lucida Hartig, 1843

aestivalis Giraud, 1859 -s-

erinaceus (Kieffer, 1900, Adleria) -a-

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Mosley (1892) from Yorkshire and by (Cameron 1893) from Loch Lomond (sexual form). Not recorded subsequently until reinstated as a British species, from London specimens, by Stone and Sunnocks (1992).

Andricus malpighii (Adler, 1881) -a-

Nomenclature:

Aphilothrix malpighii Adler, 1881

nudus Adler, 1881 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

Nomenclature follows Pujade-Villar and Melika (2000).

Andricus paradoxus (Radoszkowski, 1866) -a-

Nomenclature:

Manderstjernia paradoxa Radoszkowski, 1866

albipunctata (Kaltenbach, 1867, Cynips) -a-

majalis (Girauld, 1868, Cynips) preocc. -a-

albopunctata (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

lambertoni Kieffer, 1897 -a-

albopunctatus f. barbotini Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

Taxonomy follows Melika et al. (2000).

Andricus quadrilineatus Hartig, 1840 -a-

Nomenclature:

ambiguus Schenck, 1863 -a-

glabriusculus Schenck, 1863 -a-

pedunculi Schenck, 1863 -a-

verrucosus Schenck, 1863 -a-

marginalis (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

4-lineata (Thomson, 1877, Cynips) -a-

kiefferi Pigeot, 1900 -s-

quadrilineatus f. kiefferi Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

Synonymy of marginalis and quadrilineatus established by Folliot (1964).

Andricus quercuscalicis (Burgsdorff, 1783) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips quercuscalicis Burgsdorff, 1783

cerri Beyerinck, 1896 -s-

beyerincki Trotter, 1899 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus quercuscorticis (Linnaeus, 1761) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips quercuscorticis Linnaeus, 1761

corticis (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) unjustified emendation -a-

brevicornis (Hartig, 1841, Cynips) -s-

gemmatus Adler, 1881 -s-

krajnovici Tavares, 1901 -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus quercusradicis (Fabricius, 1798) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips quercusradicis Fabricius, 1798

noduli Hartig, 1840 -s-

trilineatus Hartig, 1840 -s-

parasiticus (Hartig, 1841, Neuroterus) -s-

radicis (Hartig, 1841, Cynips) unjustified emendation -a-

rugiscuta Thomson, 1877 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus quercusramuli (Linnaeus, 1761) -s-

Nomenclature:

Cynips quercusramuli Linnaeus, 1761

autumnalis (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

amentorum (Hartig, 1843, Teras)

ramuli Schenck, 1863 unjustified emendation -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus rhyzomae (Hartig, 1843) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips rhyzomae Hartig, 1843

ionescui Kierych, 1965 -a-

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

Gall recorded by Bagnall and Harrison (1918) and Burkill (1933). Modern UK status uncertain. Galls of the sexual generation unconfirmed in Britain. See also under testaceipes.

Andricus seminationis (Giraud, 1859) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips seminationis Giraud, 1859

inflorescentiae (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -?-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales

Notes:

No sexual generation known.

Andricus sieboldi (Hartig, 1843) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips sieboldi Hartig, 1843

corticalis (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

quercuscorticis (Bechstein & Scharfenberg, 1805, Cynips) preocc. -a-

occidentalis Folliot, 1964 -a-

sieboldi f. poissoni Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

sieboldi f. poissoni Folliot, 1964: sexual generation, produced experimentally.

Andricus singularis Mayr, 1870 -s-

Nomenclature:

singulus Mayr, 1881 -s-

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Jennings (2014)

Andricus solitarius (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832) -a-

Nomenclature:

Diplolepis solitarius Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832

ferruginea (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

occultus Tschek, 1871 -s-

gallaepyriformis (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-

filigranata (Dettmer, 1925, Oncaspis) -s-

villarrubiae Tavares, 1930 -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus ? testaceipes Hartig, 1840 -s-

Nomenclature:

var. nodifex Kieffer, 1900 -s-

Distribution:

England?

Notes:

Maintained with a query; possibly the unconfirmed sexual generation of rhyzomae (q.v.). If specifically distinct, British records need confirmation. See Melika (2006a).

Genus Aphelonyx Mayr, 1881

Aphelonyx cerricola (Giraud, 1859) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips cerricola Giraud, 1859

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Crawley (1997)

Genus Biorhiza Westwood, 1840

Nomenclature:

APOPHYLLUS Hartig, 1840

TERAS Hartig, 1840 preocc.

PHILONIPS Walsh, 1864

HETEROBIUS Guérin-Méneville, 1865

DRYOTERAS Förster, 1869

HARTIGIA Rondani, 1871 preocc.

Biorhiza pallida (Olivier, 1791) -s-

Nomenclature:

Diplolepis pallidus Olivier, 1791

aptera (Bosc, 1791, Cynips) preocc. -a-

gallaealvaeriformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -s-

gallaecerebriformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -s-

quercusterminalis (Fabricius, 1798, Cynips) -s-

terminalis (Hartig, 1840, Teras) unjustified emendation -s-

sieboldi (Stadelman, 1892, Andricus) preocc. -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Genus Callirhytis Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

EUSYMPHAGUS Dettmer, 1930

Notes:

Species of Callirhytis removed from the British and Irish list:

[glandium (Giraud, 1859, Andricus) -a-] Recorded by Rolfe (1881) and Askew (1959) but in error fide Eady and Quinlan (1963).

Callirhytis bella (Dettmer, 1930) -s-

Nomenclature:

Eusymphagus belllus Dettmer, 1930

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Callirhytis erythrocephala (Giraud, 1859) -a-

Nomenclature:

Andricus erythrocephala Giraud, 1859

? erythrosoma Dettmer, 1933 -a-

erythrostoma Dettmer, 1933 -a-

hartigi Förster, 1869 -s- synonymy by Pujade-Villar et al. (2007)

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

Callirhytis hartigi Förster, 1869 established as the sexual generation by Pujade-Villar et al. (2007), who produce evidence that erythrosoma may be a separate species.

Genus Cynips Linnaeus, 1758

Nomenclature:

DIPLOLEPIS misapplied

DRYOPHANTA Förster, 1869

Notes:

Species of Cynips excluded from the British and Irish list:

[quercus (Fourcroy, 1785, Diplolepis) -a-; syn. pubescentis (Mayr, 1881, Dryophanta) -s-] Both generations reported by Bagnall and Harrison (1918), Bagnall and Harrison (1919) from several localities in Northumberland and Tyne & Wear, perhaps in error due to confusion with the similar quercusfolii. There are no subsequent records and the species requires confirmation as British.

Cynips agama Hartig, 1840 -a-

Nomenclature:

f. mailleti Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips disticha Hartig, 1840 -a-

Nomenclature:

f. indistincta Niblett, 1948 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips divisa Hartig, 1840 -a-

Nomenclature:

verrucosus (Schlechtendal, 1870, Spathegaster) -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips longiventris Hartig, 1840 -a-

Nomenclature:

similis (Adler, 1881, Spathegaster) -s-

f. substituta Kinsey, 1930 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips quercusfolii Linnaeus, 1758 -a-

Nomenclature:

floriiquercus Gleditsch, 1774 -a-

scutellaris (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-

gallaecerasiformis D'Anthoine, 1794 -a-

gallaeunedoniformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -a-

flosculi (Giraud, 1868, Spathegaster) -s-

giraudi (Tschek, 1869, Spathegaster) -s-

taschenbergi (Schlechtendal, 1870, Spathegaster) -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

Galls of the sexual generation were recorded as flosculi by Bagnall and Harrison (1918); there appear to be no further records.

Genus Dryocosmus Giraud, 1859

Notes:

Species of Dryocosmus removed from the British and Irish list:

[cerriphilus Giraud, 1859 -a-] Galls recorded once by Fitch (1874); no further UK records.

[# Dryocosmus kuriphilus] Yasumatsu, 1951

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Malumphy (2015), EPPO (2015). This highly invasive, East Asian species has spread across Europe and has recently been reported from Kent and Hertfordshire. As the UK has Protected Zone Status for this global pest, apparently successful attempts were made to eradicate D. kuriphilus at the two outbreak sites and it should not be formally added to the British list at this stage.

Genus Neuroterus Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

SPATHEGASTER Hartig, 1840

AMERISTUS Förster, 1869

DOLICHOSTROPHUS Ashmead, 1887

NEOSPATHEGASTER Kinsey, 1923

DIPLOBIUS Kinsey, 1923

NEONEUROTERUS Monzen, 1954

REPENTINIA Belizin & Maisuradze, 1961

Notes:

Species of Neuroterus removed from the British and Irish list:

[punctatus (Bignell, 1892, Spathegaster)] Described by Bignell (1892), no subsequent records.

Neuroterus albipes (Schenck, 1863) -s-

Nomenclature:

Spathegaster albipes Schenck, 1863

laeviusculus Schenck, 1863 -a-

pezizaeformis Schlechtendal, 1870

codinae Tavares, 1928 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Notes:

Form ‘borealis’ described by Entwistle and Hails (1997).

Neuroterus anthracinus (Curtis, 1838) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips anthracina Curtis, 1838

flavipes (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis) -a- nom. ob.

ostrea (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

furunculus Beyerinck, 1882 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

Transferred from Andricus by Pujade-Villar et al. (1998).

Neuroterus numismalis (Geoffroy, 1785) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips numismalis Geoffroy, 1785

numismatis (Olivier, 1790, Cynips) -a-

defectus Hartig, 1840 -a-

reaumuri Hartig -a-

quercustiarae (Curtis, 1843, Cynips)

nigricornis Schenck, 1863 -a-

vesicatrix (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -s-

vesicator Hieronymus, 1890 -s-

brunneus Dettmer, 1925 -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Neuroterus politus Hartig, 1840 -s-

Nomenclature:

petioliventris (Hartig, 1840, Spathegaster) -s-

bipunctatus Hartig, 1841 -s-

nitens Hartig, 1841 -a-

rubeculus Hartig, 1841 -a-

aprilinus (Giraud, 1859, Spathegaster) -s-

schlechtendali Mayr, 1870 -a-

burgundus (Schlechtendal, 1870, Andricus) preocc. -a-

schlechtendali Mayr, 1870 -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) -s-

Nomenclature:

Cynips quercusbaccarum Linnaeus, 1758

quercuspedunculi (Linnaeus, 1758, Cynips) -s-

baccarumquercus (Fourcroy, 1785, Cynips) -s-

pedunculiquercus (Fourcroy, 1785, Cynips) -s-

lenticularis (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-

longipennis (Fabricius, 1793, Cynips) -a-

gallaelenticulae (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -a-

gallaepisiformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -s-

malpighii Hartig, 1840 -a-

interruptrix (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -s-

interruptor (Hartig, 1841, Spathegaster) -s-

baccarum (Blanchard, 1849, Cynips) -s-

pedunculi (Duméril, 1860, Diplolepis) -s-

attenuatus Schenck, 1863 -a-

striatus Schenck, 1863 -a-

pseudodisticha (Küstenmacher, 1894, Dryophanta) -s-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Neuroterus tricolor (Hartig, 1841) -s-

Nomenclature:

Spathegaster tricolor Hartig, 1841

fumipennis Hartig, 1841 -a-

varius (Schenck, 1863, Spathegaster) -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Genus Plagiotrochus Mayr, 1881

Nomenclature:

FIORIA Kieffer, 1903

FIORIELLA Kiefer, 1903

# Plagiotrochus australis (Mayr, 1882) -a-

Nomenclature:

Dryocosmus australis Mayr, 1882

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

Added by Robbins (2007) based on old agamic gall only; subsequently found at Imperial Wharf and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, both London (D.G. Notton, pers. comm.). Galls introduced Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera.

Plagiotrochus coriaceus (Mayr, 1882) -a-

Nomenclature:

Andricus coriaceus Mayr, 1882

pseudococcus (Kieffer, 1902, Andricus) -a-

Distribution:

Wales

Notes:

Added by Robbins (2007), based on old agamic gall only.

Plagiotrochus quercusilicis (Fabricius, 1798) -s-

Nomenclature:

Cynips quercusilicis Fabricius, 1798

cocciferae (Lichtenstein, 1877, Andricus) -s-

ilicis (Lichtenstein, 1877, Andricus) -s-

emeryi Mayr, 1882 -s-

fusifex Mayr, 1882 -s-

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Hancy and Hancy (2004). Added from sexual generation gall, adults reared. Recent records from Devon, Cornwall and Hampshire (Isle of Wight). Catkin galls reported by Biggs (2011) from Isle of Wight as forma fusifex, which has no taxonomic status.

Genus Pseudoneuroterus Kinsey, 1923

Pseudoneuroterus saliens (Kollar, 1857) -a-

Nomenclature:

Cynips saliens Kollar, 1857

saltans (Giraud, 1859, Neuroterus) -a-

glandiformis (Giraud, 1859, Spathegaster) -s-

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Redfern (2006)

Genus Trigonaspis Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

XANTHOTERAS Ashmead, 1897

BELIZINELLA Kovatev, 1965

USSURASPIS Kovalev, 1965

Notes:

Species of Trigonaspis removed from the British and Irish list:

[synaspis (Hartig, 1841, Apophyllus) -a-; syn. megapteropsis Wriese, 1900 -s-] Recorded by Bagnall and Harrison (1918) from the agamic gall; no further records.

Trigonaspis megaptera (Panzer, 1801) -s-

Nomenclature:

crustalis Hartig, 1840 -s-

renum (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Tribe Diastrophini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Genus Diastrophus Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

GONASPIS Ashmead, 1897

Notes:

Species of Diastrophus removed from the British and Irish list:

[mayri Reinhard, 1876] The status of mayri as a British species appears to rest solely on three published references to the species: Cameron (1893), subsequently quoted in Connold (1909) and repeated by Swanton (1912). Nowhere does Cameron claim to have evidence of this species’ occurrence in Britain, merely comparing its gall to other British species of Diastrophus and Xestophanes. As there appear to be no genuine UK records it should therefore be excluded.

Diastrophus rubi (Bouché, 1834)

Nomenclature:

Cynips rubi Bouché, 1834

aphidivorus Cameron, 1889

hartigi (Marshall, 1867, Andricus)

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Genus Periclistus Förster, 1869

Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg, 1831)

Nomenclature:

Cynips brandtii Ratzeburg, 1831

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales

Periclistus caninae (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Aylax caninae Hartig, 1840

germanus (Schenck, 1863, Aulax)

rosarum Dettmer, 1925

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Periclistus ? spinosissimae Dettmer, 1924

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

Close to caninae, taxonomic status needs revision (note in Fauna Europaea).

Genus Xestophanes Förster, 1869

Xestophanes brevitarsis (Thomson, 1877)

Nomenclature:

Aulax brevitarsis Thomson, 1877

tormentillae Schlechtendal, 1880

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Xestophanes potentillae (Retzius, 1783)

Nomenclature:

Cynips potentillae Retzius, 1783

brevicornis (Curtis, 1838, Cynips) preocc.

splendens (Hartig, 1840, Aylax)

laevigata Schenck, 1863

abbreviatus (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

foveicollis (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Tribe Phanacidini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Genus Phanacis Förster, 1860

Nomenclature:

GILLETTEA Ashmead, 1897

Phanacis caulicola (Hedicke, 1939)

Nomenclature:

Aylax caulicola Hedicke, 1939

Distribution:

England, Wales

Phanacis centaureae (Förster, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Cynips centaureae Förster, 1860

punctipleuris (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

karadagica Diakontschuk, 1980

parvulus Diakontschuk, 1980

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Phanacis hypochoeridis (Kieffer, 1887)

Nomenclature:

Aulax hypochoeridis Kieffer, 1887

seriolae Stefani, 1903

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Phanacis ? taraxaci (Ashmead, 1897)

Nomenclature:

Gillettea ?taraxaci Ashmead, 1897

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Notes:

Galls recorded from Co. Durham (Bagnall 1917), Derbyshire (Fordham 1917), Northumberland (Bagnall 1917) and Scotland (Bagnall 1932). No recent records.

Genus Timaspis Mayr, 1881

Notes:

Synonymised with Phanacis (Eady and Quinlan 1963); re-established by Nieves-Aldrey (1994) but Melika (2006a) again treated Timaspis as a synonym of Phanacis.

Species of Timaspis removed from the British and Irish list:

[sonchi (De Stefani, 1900, Aulax)] Galls recorded from Norfolk and Surrey by Bagnall and Burkill (1935) but no recent records. Possibly confused in the literature with Aulacidea follioti which also galls Sonchus asper (Nieves-Aldrey 2001).

Timaspis ? lampsanae (Perris, 1873)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Galls recorded in Norfolk and Derbyshire by Bagnall and Harrison (1934).

Timaspsis lusitanica (Tavares, 1904)

Nomenclature:

Timaspis lusitanica Tavares, 1904

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Jennings (2005)

Tribe Diplolepidini Latreille, 1802

Nomenclature:

RHODITINI Hartig, 1840

Genus Diplolepis Geoffroy, 1762

Nomenclature:

RHODITES Hartig, 1840

HOLOLEXIS Förster, 1869

TRIBALIA Walsh, 1864

LYTORHODITES Kieffer, 1902

NIPPORHODITES Sakugami, 1949

Diplolepis eglanteriae (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Rhodites eglanteriae Hartig, 1840

rufipes (Förster, 1869, Hololexis)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Galls not distinguishable from those of the smooth form of nervosa; records from Scotland, Wales and the Isle of Man are based on galls only.

Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal, 1877)

Nomenclature:

Rhodites mayri Schlechtendal, 1877

orthospinae (Beijerinck, 1883, Rhodites)

Distribution:

England

Diplolepis nervosa (Curtis, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Cynips nervosa Curtis, 1838

centifoliae (Hartig, 1840, Rhodites) synonymy by Pujade-Villar and Plantard (2002)

rosarum (Giraud, 1859, Rhodites)

andrei (Kieffer, 1904, Rhodites)

kiefferi (Loiselle, 1912, Rhodites)

dispar (Niblett, 1943, Rhodites)

Distribution:

England, Wales

Diplolepis rosae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomenclature:

Cynips rosae Linnaeus, 1758

bedeguaris Fourcroy, 1785

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Diplolepis spinosissimae (Giraud, 1859)

Nomenclature:

Rhodites spinosissimae Giraud, 1859

rosae-spinosissimae (Inchbald, 1861, Cynips)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Tribe Synergini Ashmead, 1896

Notes:

Taxonomy follows Pujade-Villar et al. (2003).

Genus Saphonecrus Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Saphonecrus connatus (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Synergus connatus Hartig, 1840

erythroneurus (Hartig, 1840, Synergus)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Genus Synergus Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

SAPHOLYTUS Förster, 1869

Notes:

Species of Synergus removed from the British and Irish list:

[hayneanus (Ratzeberg, 1833, Cynips)] Added by Morley (1931); specimen in his collection at Ipswich Museum redetermined as umbraculus (Eady 1952).

Synergus apicalis Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Synergus clandestinus Eady, 1952

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus consobrinus Giraud, 1911

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Jennings (2017); identified by G. Melika.

Synergus crassicornis (Curtis, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Cynips crassicornis Curtis, 1838

evanescens Mayr, 1872

fidelis Tavares, 1920

carinulatus Dettmer, 1924

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus facialis Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

gallaepomiformis misident.

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

This species has hitherto been known as S. gallaepomiformis in Britain but it was shown in Pujade-Villar (2005) that this name refers to another species (of Saphonecrus) and the widespread species should be called facialis. Melika (2006a) proposed that gallaepomiformis (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis) should be retained as the valid name but did not make an application to ICZN to overturn the type designation of gallaepomiformis.

Synergus incrassatus Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

bipunctatus Hartig, 1841

crassicornis Hartig, 1843 preocc.

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Synergus pallicornis Hartig, 1841

Nomenclature:

pallidicornis Dalla Torre, 1893

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus pallidipennis Mayr, 1872

Distribution:

England, Wales

Synergus pallipes Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

flavicornis Hartig, 1840

nervosus Hartig, 1840

nigripes Hartig, 1840

albipes Hartig, 1841

erythrocerus Hartig, 1841

variolosus Hartig, 1841

varius Hartig, 1841

xanthocerus Hartig, 1841

tscheki Mayr, 1872

tristis Mayr, 1873

hartigi Giraud, 1911

fulvipes Dettmer, 1924

mutabilis Dettmer, 1924

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus radiatus Mayr, 1872

Distribution:

England

Synergus reinhardi Mayr, 1872

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Synergus ruficornis Hartig, 1840

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Synergus thaumacerus (Dalman, 1823)

Nomenclature:

Cynips thaumacera Dalman, 1823

klugii Hartig, 1840

carinatus Hartig, 1841

testaceus (Hartig, 1841, Xystus)

thaumatocerus Dalla Torre 1893 unjustified emendation

inflatus Giraud, 1911

vesiculosus Giraud, 1911

inflatus Dettmer, 1924 preocc.

Distribution:

England

Synergus tibialis Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

erythrostomus Hartig, 1841

immarginatus Hartig, 1841

rotundiventris Mayr, 1872

Synergus umbraculus (Olivier, 1791)

Nomenclature:

Diplolepis umbraculus Olivier, 1791

gallaeumbraculatae (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis)

rufipes (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis)

orientalis Hartig, 1841

melanopus Hartig, 1843

socialis Kollar, 1843

punctatus Dettmer, 1924 preocc.

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Synergus variabilis Mayr, 1872

Nomenclature:

cerridis Giraud, 1911

conformis Giraud, 1911

cerricolus Vassileva-Samnalieva, 1986

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Added by Chinery & Williams in Melika (2006a).

Figitidae

Family Figitidae Hartig, 1840

Notes:

Some Irish records from O'Connor et al. (2003).

Subfamily Anacharitinae Thomson, 1862

Nomenclature:

MEGAPELMINAE Förster, 1869

ACANTHAEGILIPINAE Kovalev, 1979 synonymy by Ronquist (1999)

PROANACHARITINAE Kovalev, 1979 synonymy by Ronquist (1999)

Notes:

Synonymy follows Fergusson (1986) except where otherwise noted.

Genus Aegilips Haliday in Walker, 1835

Aegilips atricornis Fergusson, 1985

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Notes:

added by Fergusson (1985)

Aegilips nitidula (Dalman, 1823)

Nomenclature:

Cynips nitidula Dalman, 1823

fumipennis (Westwood, 1833, Anacharis)

rufipes (Westwood, 1833, Anacharis)

dalmani Reinhard, 1860

rugicollis Reinhard, 1860

ruficornis Cameron, 1883

striolata Cameron, 1883

bicolorata Cameron, 1887

Distribution:

England, Ireland, Isle of Man

Aegilips romseyensis Fergusson, 1985

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Fergusson (1985)

Aegilips vena Fergusson, 1985

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Notes:

added by Fergusson (1985)

Genus Anacharis Dalman, 1823

Nomenclature:

MEGAPELMUS Hartig, 1840

SYNAPSIS Förster, 1869 preocc.

PROSYNAPSIS Dalle Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Anacharis eucharoides (Dalman, 1818)

Nomenclature:

tinctus Walker, 1835

typica Walker, 1835

petiolata (Zetterstedt, 1838, Cynips)

spheciformis (Hartig, 1840, Megapelmus)

eucharioides misspelling

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Anacharis immunis Walker, 1835

Nomenclature:

ensifer Walker, 1835

rufiventris (Hartig, 1841, Megapelmus)

staegeri Dahlbom, 1842

aquisgranensis (Förster, 1869, Synapsis)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Genus Xyalaspis Hartig, 1843

Nomenclature:

CONASPICERA Hedicke, 1914

Notes:

Western Palaearctic species were revised by Mata-Casanova et al. (2015).

Xyalaspis armata (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Aegilips armatus Giraud, 1860

abietina (Giraud, 1860, Aegilips)

scotica (Cameron, 1883, Aegilips)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Xyalaspis petiolata Kieffer, 1901

Nomenclature:

subulifera misident.

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Subfamily Aspicerinae Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Nomenclature:

ONYCHIINAE Thomson, 1862

Genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842

Nomenclature:

ONYCHIA Haliday in Curtis, 1829 preocc.

BELLONA Giraud, 1860

Aspicera scutellata (Villers, 1789)

Nomenclature:

Tenthredo scutellata Villers, 1789

ediogaster (Rossi, 1790, Evania)

bicolor (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Figites)

aculeator (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Figites)

ruficollis Kieffer, 1907 (Aspicera scutellata var.)

Distribution:

Ireland

Notes:

After the taxonomic changes in the revision by Ros-Farré and Pujade-Villar (2013) it is not entirely certain which nominal species is present in the British material. The authors cite scutellata as British but with a reference to Fergusson (1986), thus not based on reexamination of specimens.

Genus Callaspidia Dahlbom, 1842

Notes:

Nomenclature follows Ros-Farré and Pujade-Villar (2009).

Callaspidia defonscolombei Dahlbom, 1842

Nomenclature:

westwoodi Dahlbom, 1842

nigripes (Cameron, 1879, Onychia)

dufouri Giraud, 1860

fonscolombei Dahlbom, 1856 unjustified emendation

provancheri Ashmead, 1887

striolata (Cameron, 1888, Onychia)

areolata (Kieffer, 1901, Onychia)

rubricus Dettmer, 1924

vitripennis (Kieffer, 1901, Onychia dufouri var.)

minima (Kieffer, 1901, Onychia fonscolombei var.)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Genus Melanips Haliday in Walker, 1835

Nomenclature:

SCYTODES Hartig, 1840 preocc.

AMBLYNOTUS Hartig, 1843

ANOLYTUS Förster, 1869

Notes:

Transferred from Figitinae to Aspicerinae by Buffington et al. (2007).

Synonymy follows Fergusson (1986).

Melanips alienus Giraud, 1860

Nomenclature:

opacus misident.

dalmanni (Dahlbom, 1842, Figites) nom. nud.

longitarsus (Reinhard, 1860, Amblynotus)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Melanips microcerus (Kieffer, 1903)

Nomenclature:

Amblynotus microcerus Kieffer, 1903

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Melanips opacus (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Scytodes opacus Hartig, 1840

femoralis Cameron, 1883

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Melanips sylvanus Giraud, 1860

Nomenclature:

rufipes Förster, 1869

biusta (Cameron, 1879, Omalaspis)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Genus Omalaspis Giraud, 1860

Nomenclature:

TAVARESIA Kieffer, 1901

LAMBERTONIA Kieffer, 1901

Omalaspis carinata (Kieffer, 1901)

Nomenclature:

Tavaresia carinata Kieffer, 1901

Distribution:

Wales

Subfamily Charipinae Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Nomenclature:

ALLOTRIINAE Thomson, 1862 unavailable

ALLOXYSTINAE Hellén, 1931

DILYTINI Kierych, 1979

LYTOXYSTINAE Kovalev, 1994

Notes:

Except where noted, nomenclature follows Menke and Evenhuis (1991) and Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012d). Further taxonomic changes have been made in a series of papers by Ferrer-Suay and colleagues (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012a, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012c, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013a, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013b, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013c, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2014a, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2015, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013d, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2014b). Tribal subdivisions have been abandoned following Paretas-Martínez et al. (2007), who found that Alloxystini was paraphyletic with respect to Charipini. Some Welsh occurrence records from Baker (2013).

Genus Alloxysta Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

ALLOTRIA Westwood, 1833 preocc.

XYSTUS Hartig, 1840 preocc.

PEZOPHYCTA Förster, 1869

NEPHYCTA Förster, 1869

ADELIXYSTA Kierych, 1988

CARVERCHARIPS Kovalev, 1994

Notes:

Quinlan (1978a) listed 36 Alloxysta species for Britain and Ireland, which Fergusson (1986) reduced to 11, mainly through synonymy. However, Fergusson did not work with much reared material and Evenhuis (1985) and Müller et al. (1999) have adopted much narrower species limits than Fergusson, an approach borne out by FVV’s work on the biology and taxonomy of the genus (see Van Veen et al. 2003).

species of Alloxysta excluded from the British and Irish list:

[flavicornis (Hartig, 1841, Xystus) incertae sedis]

[ullrichi (Giraud, 1860, Allotria) incertae sedis; ullerichi misspelling]

These species were listed by Quinlan (1978a) but not recognised as British or Irish by Fergusson (1986) and not found by FVV.

Alloxysta species of uncertain status:

[ignorata (Kieffer, 1900, Dilyta) nom. dub.] Listed by Fergusson (1986) as a synonym of macrophadnus, the type material of ignorata has not been located and it has not been possible to interpret the name (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b).

Alloxysta abdera Fergusson, 1986

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Fergusson (1986)

Alloxysta apteroidea Hellén, 1963

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Det. Van Veen, added here. The species identified as brachyptera by Müller et al. (1999) is actually apteroidea, although the true brachyptera has also been found in Silwood Park.

Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902)

Nomenclature:

Allotria arcuata Kieffer, 1902

minuta misident.

ligustri Evenhuis, 1976

Distribution:

Scotland, Wales

Notes:

Raised from synonymy with brevis by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012a).

Alloxysta basimacula (Cameron, 1886)

Nomenclature:

Allotria basimacula Cameron, 1886

caledonica (Cameron, 1886, Allotria)

perplexa (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

Distribution:

Scotland

Notes:

Raised from synonymy with macrophadnus by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013).

Alloxysta brachyptera (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Xystus brachypterus Hartig, 1840

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Allotria brevis Thomson, 1862

minuta misident.

Distribution:

England

Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Xystus castaneus Hartig, 1841

melanogaster misident.

maculicollis (Cameron, 1886, Allotria)

ruficollis (Cameron, 1883, Allotria)

ruficeps (Cameron, 1883, Allotria) preocc.

megaptera (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

dubia Kieffer, 1902 (Alloxysta erythrothorax var.)

rubriceps (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

semiclausa Kieffer, 1904

pruni (Hedicke, 1928, Charips)

defecta (Hartig, 1841, Xystus)

nigriventris (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

Synonymised with fulviceps by Fergusson (1986) but treated as a valid species by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012b) following the advice of FVV. Allotria ruficollis is listed as a synonym of fulviceps in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004), following alternate synonymisations under erythrothorax (Quinlan 1974) and castanea (Evenhuis 1982). In Müller et al. (1999) this was recorded as ‘Alloxysta f1’.

Alloxysta circumscripta (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Xystus circumscriptus Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Synonymised under victrix by Fergusson (1986) but this has not been supported by other workers (Menke and Evenhuis 1991, Van Veen et al. 2003).

Alloxysta citripes (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Allotria citripes Thomson, 1862

britannica Kieffer, 1902 (Alloxysta citripes var.)

albipes (Kieffer, 1904, Allotria)

brevicella Belizin, 1966 synonymy by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012b)

Distribution:

England, Wales

Alloxysta consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Cynips consobrina Zetterstedt, 1838

fuscicornis (Hartig, 1841, Xystus) synonymy by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013b)

ancylocera (Cameron, 1886, Allotria)

brassicae (Ashmead, 1887, Allotria)

infuscata (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

aphidae (Froggatt, 1904, Hypodiranchis)

grioti (De Santis, 1937, Charips)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Synonymised under victrix by Fergusson (1986) but raised from synonymy by Menke and Evenhuis (1991), a result supported by Van Veen et al. (2003).

Alloxysta crassa (Cameron, 1889)

Nomenclature:

Allotria crassa Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

Scotland

Notes:

Raised from synonymy with macrophadnus by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013).

Alloxysta cursor (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Xystus cursor Hartig, 1840

castanea (Kieffer, 1904, Pezophycta) preocc.

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Considered a nomen dubium in Ferrer-Suay et al. (2014) but Evenhuis (1982) studied the type and subsequently identified British specimens as belonging to this taxon, so we see no problem with considering it a valid British species. It was listed as castanea in Quinlan (1978a) but not mentioned by Fergusson (1986) and then recorded again by Müller et al. (1999).

Alloxysta erythrothorax (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Xystus erythrothorax Hartig, 1840

trapezoidea misident.

defecta (Hartig, 1841, Xystus)

nigriventris (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Notes:

Removed from synonymy with fulviceps by Pujade-Villar et al. (2011).

Alloxysta halterata (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Allotria halterata Thomson, 1862

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Synonymised under pedestris by Fergusson (1986) but considered here to be a valid species (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b).

Alloxysta leunisii (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Xystus leunisii Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

added by Van Veen et al. (2003)

Alloxysta macrophadnus (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Xystus macrophadnus Hartig, 1841

testacea misident.

aptera misident.

brachyptera misident.

fuscipes misident.

nigriventris misident.

macrophadna misspelling

filicornis (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

scutellata Kieffer, 1902

rubromaculata Kieffer, 1902 (Alloxysta nigriventris var.)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales

Notes:

Alloxysta testeacea is recorded as a misidentification of macrophadna by Fergusson (1986) but erroneously listed as a valid species, occurring in Britain, in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004), but with the comment that the species might be synonymous with pleuralis.

Alloxysta marshalliana (Kieffer, 1900)

Nomenclature:

Nephycta marshalliana Kieffer, 1900

Distribution:

Scotland

Notes:

Synonymised under macrophadna by Fergusson (1986) but considered here to be a valid species (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b, following pers. comm. by FVV).

Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron, 1883)

Nomenclature:

Allotria mullensis Cameron, 1883

Distribution:

Scotland

Notes:

Raised from synonymy with brevis by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012a).

Alloxysta nigrita (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Allotria nigrita Thomson, 1862

Distribution:

Wales

Notes:

added by Baker (2013)

Alloxysta obscurata (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Xystus obscuratus Hartig, 1840

homotoma Kieffer, 1904 (Alloxysta ullrichi var.)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

det. Van Veen, added here.

Alloxysta pallidicornis (Curtis, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Cynips pallidicornis Curtis, 1838

minuta (Zetterstedt, 1838, Cynips)

forticornis (Giraud, 1860, Allotria)

basalis (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

anthracina Andrews, 1978

Alloxysta pedestris (Curtis, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Cynips pedestris Curtis, 1838

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Alloxysta piceomaculata (Cameron, 1883)

Nomenclature:

Allotria piceomaculata Cameron, 1883

Distribution:

Scotland, Wales

Notes:

Raised from synonymy with macrophadnus by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013).

Alloxysta pilipennis (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Xystus pilipennis Hartig, 1840

flavicornis (Hartig, 1841, Xystus) synonymy by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2014)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

J. Pujade-Villar (pers. comm.) has seen English material.

Alloxysta pleuralis (Cameron, 1879)

Nomenclature:

Allotria pleuralis Cameron, 1879

unicolor (Kieffer, 1902, Alloxysta pusilla var.)

gautieri Kieffer, 1922

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Alloxysta pusilla (Kieffer, 1902)

Nomenclature:

Allotria pusilla Kieffer, 1902

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Sanders and Van Veen (2010)

Alloxysta ramulifera (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Allotria ramulifera Thomson, 1862

minuta (Hartig, 1840, Xystus)

discreta (Förster, 1869, Nephycta)

parvicellula (Kieffer, 1904, Allotria)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

added by Müller et al. (1999)

Alloxysta semiaperta Fergusson, 1986

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Notes:

added by Fergusson (1986)

Alloxysta tscheki (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Allotria tscheki Giraud, 1860

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Excluded from the British and Irish list by Fergusson (1986) but reinstated by Van Veen et al. (2003).

Alloxysta victrix (Westwood, 1833)

Nomenclature:

Allotria victrix Westwood, 1833

fulviceps (Curtis, 1838, Cynips)

ruficeps (Zetterstedt, 1838, Cynips)

erythrocephalus (Hartig, 1840, Xystus)

tritici (Fitch, 1861, Allotria)

macrocera (Thomson, 1877, Allotria)

amygdali (Buckton, 1879, Cynips) nom. nud.

atriceps (Buckton, 1879, Cynips)

curvicornis (Cameron, 1883, Allotria)

lateralis (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria luteicornis var.)

luteiceps (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria victrix var.)

luteicornis (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

areolata (Kieffer, 1909, Charips)

grandicornis (Kieffer, 1904, Allotria)

io (Girault, 1932 Sarorthrus)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales

Genus Apocharips Fergusson, 1986

Apocharips trapezoidea (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Xystus trapezoideus Hartig, 1841

xanthocephala (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

Distribution:

England, Wales

Genus Dilyta Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

CHARIPS Haliday in Marshall, 1870

GLYPTOXYSTA Thomson, 1877

DYLITA misspelling

Dilyta subclavata Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

microcera (Haliday, 1870, Charips)

heterocera (Thomson, 1877, Glyptoxysta)

talitzkii (Belizin, 1966, Glyptoxysta) synonymy by Paretas-Martínez et al. (2011)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales

Genus Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

HEMICRISIS Förster, 1869

AULOXYSTA Thomson, 1877

BOTHRIOXYSTA Kieffer, 1902

CHARIPSELLA Bréthes, 1913

Notes:

Fergusson (1986) established Hemicrisis (including only ruficornis) as a synonym of Phaenoglyphis, it was then raised from synonymy by Ronquist (1999) only to be synonymised again with Phaenoglyphis by Pujade-Villar and Paretas-Martínez (2006).

Phaenoglyphis dolichocera (Cameron, 1889)

Nomenclature:

Allotria dolichocera Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Phaenoglyphis longicornis (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Xystus longicornis Hartig, 1840

Distribution:

Wales

Notes:

Listed by Quinlan (1978a) as a species of Alloxysta, not mentioned by Fergusson (1986), then recorded as British by Baker (2013) based on specimens identified by M. Ferrer-Suay.

Phaenoglyphis ruficornis (Förster, 1869)

Nomenclature:

Hemicrisis ruficornis Förster, 1869

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

Phaenoglyphis pubicollis (Thomson, 1877, Allotria) was resurrected as a valid species by Pujade-Villar and Paretas-Martínez (2006). The authors did not examine material from a wide range but state that pubicollis ‘is only represented by type material’, implying that the real ruficornis is the widespread one.

Phaenoglyphis salicis (Cameron, 1883)

Nomenclature:

Allotria salicis Cameron, 1883

forticornis Cameron, 1888

Distribution:

England, Wales

Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Xystus villosus Hartig, 1841

piciceps (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

collina (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

ambrosiae (Ashmead, 1898, Allotria)

carpentieri (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

foveigera (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

curvata (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

recticornis (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

subaptera (Kieffer, 1904, Alloxysta)

campyla (Kieffer, 1904, Alloxysta)

necans (Kieffer, 1909, Glyptoxysta)

numidica (Kieffer, 1909, Bothrioxysta)

bifoveata (Girault, 1931, Glyptoxysta)

islandica (Hellén, 1931, Alloxysta)

flavipes (Ionescu, 1963 Charips)

Distribution:

England, Wales

Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

rufa (Thomson, 1877, Allotria)

obfuscata Kieffer, 1901

Distribution:

England

Subfamily Eucoilinae Thomson, 1862

Notes:

Eucoilinae has been a subfamily of Figitidae rather than a family of its own since Ronquist (1999). Tribal classification follows Forshage and Nordlander (2008). Synomymy and distribution data taken from Quinlan (1978b) and Nordlander (1978), Nordlander (1980), Nordlander (1981), Forshage and Nordlander (2008), supplemented by Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004) and MF’s identifications of material in BMNH. Some Irish records from O'Connor (2004).

Tribe Diglyphosematini Belizin, 1961

Genus Diglyphosema Förster, 1869

Diglyphosema conjungens Kieffer, 1904

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Genus Disorygma Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

ECTOLYTA Förster, 1869

ERISPHAGIA Förster, 1869

Disorygma curtum (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila curta Giraud, 1860

Distribution:

England

Disorygma depile (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila depilis Giraud, 1860

incrassata (Thomson, 1862, Cothonaspis)

divulgata Förster, 1869

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Genus Microstilba Förster, 1869

Microstilba striolata Kieffer, 1901

Nomenclature:

heterogena (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila) auctt., sensu Cameron

Distribution:

Scotland

Notes:

Supposed English specimens in BMNH are all Disorygma curtum (det. MF).

Tribe Eucoilini Thomson, 1862

Genus Eucoila Westwood, 1833

Nomenclature:

EUCOELA Agassiz, 1846

LYTOSEMA Kieffer, 1901

PSILODORA Förster, 1869

Eucoila crassinerva Westwood, 1833

Nomenclature:

boyenii (Hartig, 1840, Cothonaspis)

intermedia (Kieffer, 1901, Psilodora)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Eucoila maculata (Hartig, 1840, Cothonaspis)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis maculatus Hartig, 1840

guerini Dahlbom, 1842

brevialata Belizin, 1973

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Genus Leptopilina Förster, 1869

Notes:

Synonymy from Nordlander (1980).

Leptopilina clavipes (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis clavipes Hartig, 1841

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Leptopilina fimbriata (Kieffer, 1901)

Nomenclature:

Eucoela fimbriata Kieffer, 1901

xanthoneura nec (Förster, 1869, Episoda) sensu Quinlan (1978b)

longipes (Cameron, 1883, Erisphagia) preocc.

xanthopum (Kieffer, 1904, Psilosema)

filicorne (Kieffer, 1904, Psilosema)

longicorne (Kieffer, 1907, Psilosema)

dolichocera (Hellén, 1960, Episoda)

Distribution:

England

Notes:

Treated as Episoda xanthoneura by Quinlan (1978b).

Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila heterotoma Thomson, 1862

? musti (Rondani, 1875, Xystus)

monilicornis (Kieffer, 1904, Ganaspis)

subnuda (Kieffer, 1904, Ganaspis)

philippinensis (Kieffer, 1916, Erisphagia)

bochei (Weld, 1944, Pseudeucoila)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Notes:

Treated as Ganaspis subnuda by Quinlan (1978b).

Leptopilina longipes (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis longipes Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Genus Trybliographa Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

EPISODA Förster, 1869 synonymy by Nordlander (1980)

IDIOMORPHA Förster, 1869

HYPOLETHRIA Förster, 1869

PSICHACRA Förster, 1869

ADIERIS Förster, 1869

PIEZOBRIA Förster, 1869

PILINOTHRIX Förster, 1869

ANECTOCLIS Förster, 1869

COTHONASPIS auctt. nec Hartig, 1840

DIMICROSTROPHIS Ashmead, 1886

DUSMETIOLA Tavares, 1924

EUCOILA auctt. nec Westwood, 1835

PSEUDEUCOILA Ashmead, 1903

Notes:

Synonymy mostly from Nordlander (1981). Several new species of Trybliographa are present in Britain and several new synonymies will result from MF’s unpublished revision. Some changes have been made in anticipation of this publication as they affect names described from British specimens.

species of Trybliographa excluded from the British and Irish list:

[testaceipes Cameron, 1883] This name will be placed in synonymy.

Trybliographa agaricola (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila agaricola Thomson, 1862

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa albipennis (Thomson, 1861)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila albipennis Thomson, 1861

spaniandra Kerrich & Quinlan, 1960

Distribution:

England

Trybliographa atra (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis ater Hartig, 1840

nigricornis Cameron, 1883

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Trybliographa cubitalis (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis cubitalis Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Trybliographa diaphana (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis diaphana Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Trybliographa erythrocera (Thomson, 1877)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila erythrocera Thomson, 1877

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here. Generic combination not yet formally published.

Trybliographa fovealis (Thomson, 1862)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila fovealis Thomson, 1862

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa glottiana (Cameron, 1883)

Nomenclature:

Psichacra glottiana Cameron, 1883

proxima (Cameron, 1889, Eucoila)

agaricorum (Kieffer, 1902, Eucoela)

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Trybliographa gracilicornis (Cameron, 1888)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila gracilicornis Cameron, 1888

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Trybliographa longicornis (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis longicornis Hartig, 1840

gracilis (Dahlbom, 1846, Eucoila)

subspinosa (Kieffer, 1904, Cothonaspis)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Trybliographa mandibularis (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Figites mandibularis Zetterstedt, 1838

similis (Cameron, 1883, Psichacra)

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Trybliographa nigripes (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila nigripes Giraud, 1860

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa rapae (Westwood, 1835)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila rapae Westwood, 1835

coronata (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis)

insignis (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila)

octotoma (Thomson, 1862, Eucoila)

scutellaris Förster, 1869

scutellaris nec (Latreille, 1805, Figites) sensu Hartig, 1840

melanocera (Förster, 1869, Idiomorpha)

crassicornis Cameron, 1889

fortinervis (Cameron, 1889, Eucoila)

ventralis (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

ruficornis (Kieffer, 1902, Eucoela)

erythrocera nec (Thomson, 1862, Eucoela) sensu Cameron, 1890

britannica (Kieffer, 1905, Eucoela)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Trybliographa rufula (Förster, 1855)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila rufula Förster, 1855

dalei (Cameron, 1879, Psichacra)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Trybliographa scotica (Cameron, 1889)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila scotica Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Notes:

Recently removed from synonymy with trichopsila in Forshage et al. (2013).

Trybliographa strandi (Hedicke, 1914)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis strandi Hedicke, 1914

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa subnebulosa (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila subnebulosa Giraud, 1860

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa trichopsila (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis trichopsilus Hartig, 1841

brachytricha (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

claripennis (Thomson, 1862, Eucoila)

Distribution:

England

Tribe Ganaspini Belizin, 1961

Genus Chrestosema Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

RECENTIA Belizin, 1961

Notes:

species of Chrestosema excluded from the British and Irish list:

[antennale Kieffer, 1904; England, Ireland] This name will be placed in synonymy

Chrestosema erythropum Förster, 1869

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Genus Didyctium Riley, 1879

Nomenclature:

HEPTAMEROCERA Ashmead, 1896

Didyctium nigriclava (Kieffer, 1904)

Nomenclature:

Cothanaspis nigriclava Kieffer, 1904

Distribution:

England, Wales

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Genus Ganaspis Förster, 1869

Ganaspis mundata Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

tenuicornis Kieffer, 1904

Distribution:

England

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Ganaspis seticornis (Hellén, 1960)

Nomenclature:

Episoda seticornis Hellén, 1960

ciliaria (Belizin, 1968, Odonteucoila)

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Genus Glauraspidia Thomson, 1861

Nomenclature:

AGLAOTOMA Förster, 1869

APHISTOPHYZA Förster, 1869

DIRANCHIS Förster, 1869

CRYPTEUCOELA Kieffer, 1904

AGLAOTOMIDEA Rohwer & Fagan, 1917

Glauraspidia microptera (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis micropterus Hartig, 1840

codrina (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis)

subtilis (Dahlbom, 1842, Eucoela)

carpentieri Kieffer, 1901

giraudi (Kieffer, 1902, Aglaotoma)

foersteri (Kieffer, 1904, Aglaotoma)

giraudi (Kieffer, 1904, Crypteucoela) preocc.

elegans Ionescu, 1963

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Genus Hexacola Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

HEXAPLASTA Förster, 1869

Hexacola hexatoma (Hartig, 1841)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis hexatoma Hartig, 1841

picicrus (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila)

fuscipes (Mayer, 1923, Cothonaspis)

Distribution:

England

Genus Mirandicola Belizin, 1968

Nomenclature:

PSEUDOPSICHACRA Quinlan, 1975

Mirandicola sericea (Thomson, 1877)

Nomenclature:

Glauraspidia sericea Thomson, 1877

bispinosa (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

sauteri (Hedicke, 1913, Psichacra)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Tribe Kleidotomini Hellén, 1960

Genus Cothonaspis Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

PSILOSEMA Kieffer, 1901

Cothonaspis gracilis Hartig, 1841

Nomenclature:

giraudi (Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910, Erisphagia)

Distribution:

England

Cothonaspis longula Nordlander, 1976

Distribution:

England

Cothonaspis pentatoma Hartig, 1841

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Genus Eutrias Förster, 1869

Eutrias tritoma (Thomson, 1877)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila tritoma Thomson, 1877

Distribution:

England

Genus Kleidotoma Westwood, 1833

Nomenclature:

APHYOPTERA Förster, 1869

APHILOPTERA Förster, 1869

AGROSCOPA Förster, 1869

HEPTAMERIS Förster, 1869

NEDINOPTERA Förster, 1869

RHYNCHACIS Förster, 1869

PENTACRITA Förster, 1869

TETRAHOPTRA Förster, 1869

TETRATOMA Cameron, 1890

ARHOPTRA Kieffer, 1901

PENTARHOPTRA Kieffer, 1901

SCHIZOSEMA Kieffer, 1901

KLEIDOTOMIDEA Rohwer & Fagan, 1917

PENTAKLEIDOTA Weld, 1951

Notes:

Subgeneric classification was finally abandoned and all subgeneric names considered mere synonyms in Forshage and Nordlander (2008).

Species of Kleidotoma removed from the British and Irish list:

[myrmecophila Kieffer, 1908] Recorded from Britain in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004) but in error.

Kleidotoma affinis Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

Scotland

Kleidotoma caledonica Cameron, 1888

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma ciliaris (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Figites ciliaris Zetterstedt, 1838

melanopoda Cameron, 1888

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Notes:

Usually regarded as a species of Trybliographa but published as a new combination in Kleidotoma by Jonsell et al. (1999) in an ecological paper and listed as such in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004). The ciliaris sensu auctt. nec Zetterstedt, refers to various small Trybliographa spp.

Kleidotoma dolichocera Thomson, 1877

Nomenclature:

carpentieri (Kieffer, 1904, Cleidotoma)

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Kleidotoma elegans Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma filicornis Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England

Kleidotoma gracilicornis Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England

Kleidotoma ? gryphus Thomson, 1861

Kleidotoma halophila Thomson, 1861

Distribution:

England

Kleidotoma hexatoma Thomson, 1862

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma longicornis Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma longipennis Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma marshalli Cameron, 1889

Nomenclature:

antecella Belizin, 1964

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Kleidotoma nigra (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis niger Hartig, 1840

crassiclava Cameron, 1888

nigripes Cameron, 1888

brevicornis (Kieffer, 1904, Rhynchasis)

tetramora (Kieffer, 1904, Rhynchasis)

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma pentatoma Thomson, 1861

Nomenclature:

albipennis Cameron, 1886 nec Thomson, 1861

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma picipes Cameron, 1886

Distribution:

Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma psiloides Westwood, 1833

Distribution:

England, Wales

Kleidotoma pygmea (Dahlbom, 1842)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila pygmea Dahlbom, 1842

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Kleidotoma striata Cameron, 1886

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma striaticollis Cameron, 1880

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma subaptera (Walker, 1834)

Nomenclature:

Figites subaptera Walker, 1834

helgolandica (Förster, 1869, Agroscopa)

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Kleidotoma thomsoni Forshage, sp. nov., replacement name

Nomenclature:

tetratoma Thomson, 1861 preocc. Name preoccupied by Kleidotoma tetratoma (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis).

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma tomentosa (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Eucoila tomentosa Giraud, 1860

anisomera (Förster, 1869, Aphiloptera)

erythropa Thomson, 1877

Distribution:

England

Kleidotoma truncata Cameron, 1889

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Tribe Trichoplastini Kovalev, 1989

Genus Rhoptromeris Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

MIOMOERA Förster, 1869

HEXAMEROCERA Kieffer, 1901

STRIATELLIA Belizin, 1966

Notes:

Synonymy taken from Nordlander (1978) .

Species of Rhoptromeris removed from the British and Irish list:

[nigriventris Nordlander, 1978] Rhoptromeris nigriventris was listed by Quinlan (1978b) but this was most likely a mistake. Nordlander (1978) mentions that some Swedish paratypes were deposited in BMNH. There are no British or Irish specimens identified as nigriventris in the collection.

Rhoptromeris heptoma (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis heptomus Hartig, 1840

biscapus (Hartig, 1840, Cothonaspis)

eucera (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis)

nodosa (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila)

parvula (Thomson, 1862, Eucoila)

aberrans (Förster, 1869, Miomoera)

aequalis (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

widhalmi Kurdjumov, 1912

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rhoptromeris villosa (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Cothonaspis villosus Hartig, 1840

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Genus Trichoplasta Benoit, 1956

Trichoplasta sp. indet.

Notes:

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here. Only a single male specimen has been found amongst British material; it is not identifiable to species level with our current state of knowledge, and is listed here as a record of the genus from Britain.

Subfamily Figitinae Hartig, 1840

Notes:

Melanips has been transferred to Aspicerinae by Buffington et al. (2007).

Synonymy follows Fergusson (1986) except where otherwise noted.

Genus Amphithectus Hartig, 1840

Nomenclature:

AMPHITECTUS misspelling

Notes:

Removed from synonymy with Sarothrus by Ronquist (1999).

Amphithectus areolatus (Hartig, 1840)

Nomenclature:

Sarothrus areolatus Hartig, 1840

dahlbomii Hartig, 1840

piceus (Dahlbom, 1842, Figites) nom. nud.

fumipennis (Giraud, 1860, Melanips)

Distribution:

England

Genus Figites Latreille, 1802

Nomenclature:

PSILOGASTER Hartig, 1840

PYCNOTRICHIA Förster, 1869

OMALOSPOIDES Hedicke, 1913

Notes:

Species of Figites excluded from the British and Irish list:

[laevigatus Dahlbom, 1842]

[reinhardi Kieffer, 1901]

[urticarum Dahlbom, 1842]

Included in Quinlan (1978a) but not by Fergusson (1986).

Figites anthomyiarum Bouché, 1834

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Figites consobrinus Giraud, 1860

Nomenclature:

scutellaris misident.

dentiscuta Hellén, 1937

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Figites ictus Fergusson, 1986

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Notes:

added by Fergusson (1986)

Figites scutellaris (Rossi, 1794)

Nomenclature:

Cynips scutellaris Rossi, 1794

ruficornis (Rossi, 1794, Cynips)

abbreviator (Herrich-Schäffer in Panzer, 1801, Ophion)

tibialis (Hartig, 1840, Psilogaster)

letzneri (Hedicke, 1913, Omalaspoides)

Distribution:

England

Genus Lonchidia Thomson, 1862

Lonchidia clavicornis Thomson, 1862

Distribution:

England, Scotland, Ireland

Lonchidia maculipennis (Dahlbom, 1842)

Nomenclature:

Figites maculipennis Dahlbom, 1842

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Genus Sarothrus Hartig, 1840

Sarothrus tibialis (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Nomenclature:

Cynips tibialis Zetterstedt, 1838

canaliculatus Hartig, 1840

silesiacus (Hedicke, 1913, Omalaspoides)

Distribution:

England, Wales, Ireland

Genus Xyalophora Kieffer, 1901

Xyalophora clavata (Giraud, 1860)

Nomenclature:

Figites clavatus Giraud, 1860

Distribution:

Wales, Ireland

Notes:

added by Fergusson (1986)

Genus Zygosis Förster, 1869

Nomenclature:

DICERAEA Förster, 1869

THYREOCERA Ashmead, 1887

Zygosis urticeti (Dahlbom, 1842)

Nomenclature:

Figites urticeti Dahlbom, 1842

heteropterus (Hartig, 1843, Psilogaster)

Distribution:

England, Ireland

Ibaliidae

Family Ibaliidae Thomson, 1862

Genus Ibalia Latreille, 1802

Nomenclature:

SAGARIS Panzer, 1806

Ibalia leucospoides (Hockenwarth, 1785)

Nomenclature:

Ichneumon leucospoides Hockenwarth, 1785

cultellator (Fabricius, 1793, Ichneumon)

ensiger Norton, 1862

suprunenkoi Jacobson, 1899

gigantea Yoshimoto, 1970

Distribution:

England

Ibalia rufipes Cresson, 1879

Nomenclature:

drewseni Borries, 1891

shirmeri Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Distribution:

England, Scotland

Analysis

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Bruce Williams and Ernst Klimsa for letting us use their photographs. Natalie Dale-Skey kindly transformed the original Word documents into spreadsheets for import. Juli Pujade-Villar and George Melika critically reviewed the manuscript and pointed out various errors and omissions.

Author contributions

JPB, BMS: Cynipidae. FVV: Alloxysta. MF: Figitidae and checking of taxonomy throughout. GRB: editing and checking of taxonomy and distribution throughout.

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Supplementary materials

Suppl. material 1: Checklist of the British and Irish Cynipoidea

Authors: Forshage, M., Bowdrey, J.P., Spooner, B.M., Van Veen, F. & Broad, G.R.

Data type: formatted text

Brief description:

Word document version of the checklist

Filename: Hym_checklist_4_Cynipoidea Final.docxDownload file (199.14 kb)

Suppl. material 2: Checklist of British and Irish Cynipoidea

Authors: Forshage, M., Bowdrey, J.P., Spooner, B.M., Van Veen, F. & Broad, G.R.

Data type: spreadsheet

Brief description:

Excel spreadsheet version of the checklist

Filename: Hym_checklist_4_Cynipoidea_spreadsheet.xlsxDownload file (95.19 kb)

Endnotes